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PubMed2005

Behavioral and Brain Functions. A new journal.

Behavioral and Brain Functions (BBF) is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal considering original research, review, and modeling articles in all aspects of neurobiology or behavior, favoring research that relates to both domains. Behavioral and Brain Functions is published by BioMed Central. The greatest challenge for empirical science is to understand human behavior; how human behavior arises from the myriad functions such as attention, language, memory and emotion; how these functions are reflected in brain structures and functions; and how the brain and behavior are altered in disease. Behavioral and Brain Functions covers the entire area of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience - an area where animal studies traditionally play a prominent role. Behavioral and Brain Functions is published online, allowing unlimited space for figures, extensive datasets to allow readers to study the data for themselves, and moving pictures, which are important qualities assisting communication in modern science.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1976

Is a homosexual orientation irreversible?

In four studies homosexual patients were randomly allocated to receive either different forms of aversive therapy; or aversive therapy or a positive conditioning procedure. Before and after therapy the patients' sexual orientation was determined by measuring their penile volume responses to moving pictures of nude men and women. The aversive therapies produced reduction in homosexual feelings and behaviour. In the fourth study the reduction was significantly greater following the aversive compared with the positive conditioning procedure. No significant change in measured sexual orientation occurred in the patients who received aversive therapy compared with those who received positive conditioning. The measured sexual orientation of the homosexual patients after treatment differed significantly from that of heterosexual patients who received aversive therapy for sexual anomalies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Video transmission for telemedicine.

The transmission of moving pictures to remote locations is an important part of telemedicine. Although the first videoconferencing demonstrations were performed in the 1930s, the technology is still fragmented and its quality is sometimes too poor for it to be useful. Conventional television technology is analogue (the fundamental television standards were developed before the Second World War) and does not 'fit' the digital world very well. This paper reviews video transmission and videoconferencing technologies and the results that can be expected. While trained professionals may be able to make use of poor-quality video systems, real advances in telemedicine require studio-quality video, which is possible only with high-bandwidth technology.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗

PubMed1983

Dynamic NMR cardiac imaging in a piglet.

NMR echo-planar imaging (EPI) has been used in a realtime mode to visualise the thorax of a live piglet. Moving pictures are available on an immediate image display system which demonstrates dynamic cardiac function. Frame rates vary from one per cardiac cycle in a prospective stroboscopic mode with immediate visual output to a maximum of 10 frames per second yielding up to six looks in one piglet heart cycle, but using a visual playback mode. A completely new system has been used to obtain these images, features of which include a probe assembly with 22 cm access and an AP400 array processor for real-time data processing.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Dynamic imaging of the respiratory cycle with 81mKr.

To define the regional ventilation of the human lung, subjects were monitored with a gamma camera, while breathing air labeled with radioactive 81mKr which is being continuously eluted from a generator. The information observed is displayed as a reiterated multiframe moving picture. This is accomplished by storing the information from multiple breaths, selecting acceptable cycles (determined by the duration of inspiration and expiration and the amplitude to extremes of the cycles), and normalizing the usable information and converting the summed data into sequential frames, which are repeatedly shown on a video screen from computer memory.

Computers↗

PubMed1983

Chaotic echo motion in the left ventricular cavity. Visualization of ruptured chordae tendineae of the mitral valve by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography.

The aim of the present study is to perform a detailed analysis of the spot echoes which show chaotic motion of the left ventricular cavity of patients with ruptured chordae tendineae. The subjects were 12 patients with surgically documented ruptured chordae tendineae. They were carefully examined preoperatively by real-time two-dimensional echocardiography with a commercially available wide-angle phased array system (Toshiba SSH-11A). An abnormal moving spot echo was often seen instantaneously in the left ventricle. Its motion was chaotic, and it moved both longitudinally and laterally. Lateral movements were seen in 10 of the 12 subjects and were not found in any of 10 controls. The site of this echo in the left ventricle was identical with the site of the rupture of the mitral chordae confirmed during surgery. Therefore, it was concluded that the spot echo with chaotic motion represents a direct visualization of ruptured chordae. This chaotic motion is considered to be a useful clue in diagnosis. The lateral component (left to right) of the movement is especially important. However, one must carefully examine the left ventricular cavity with moving pictures over a period of many heart beats in order to detect these chaotic movements of spot echoes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Overt motor preparation in choice-reaction time task.

In a serial pointing task to three unequidistant, unequiprobable targets, the moving picture record of the subject's hand movements shows, before each pointing movement, a repositioning of the hand near the median plane of the working panel when the subject sees the targets and near the more frequently used target when only proprioceptive information is available.

Hand↗

PubMed1998

The medical film 1897-1997: Part I. The first half-century.

Medicine has frequently been in the forefront of applying new illustrative media to its needs, and cinematographic film is a good example. Within a year of the introduction of moving pictures, cine-film was used for medical research and to a lesser extent for teaching. The profession took advantage of the spread of cinemas by making health education films, and during the first half century of cinematography surgeons were keen to have their operations filmed. Medical educators were slow to include film in their teaching programmes and several organizations were formed to encourage their use. After the Second World War, medical films for undergraduate and postgraduate education became accepted until, as the medical film reached its centenary, cine-film declined in favour of video-recordings.

Education, Medical↗

PubMed1999

The eyes have it.

The age of oversight dawns in health care, bearing down on mergers and other big-picture moves. Still, there's a long way to go. "We still haven't completely outgrown the old volunteer-fireman mentality," says one consultant. "Trustees who should know better still take off their MBA hats at the door and replace them with social-worker hats."

Community-Institutional Relations↗

PubMedDate not supplied

New options regenerate interest in diagnostic ultrasound.

New technical developments in diagnostic ultrasound have won many converts to this modality. Once plagued with a reputation for producing blotchy black and white images, ultrasound today uses intracavitary probes and moving pictures with brilliant color to provide accurate, finely detailed images that are widely accepted in the fields of cardiology, vascular surgery, abdominal surgery, obstetrics, and gynecology.

Hospitals↗

PubMed1999

Freud and film: encounters in the Weltgeist.

Freud's antipathy toward film is striking, since film and dreams are formed by similar mechanisms. Nevertheless, Freud occasionally and unavoidably encountered film. This paper details some of these encounters. Ten years after viewing time-lapse photography, a fore-runner of moving pictures, at the Salpêtrière, he was conceptualizing a model of the mind and of the formation of dreams that in some ways parallels the film apparatus invented by the Lumière brothers in December 1895. On his visit to America in 1905, Freud saw movies in New York City. In 1925, he refused a lucrative offer to consult on a film, and he discouraged Karl Abraham and Hanns Sachs from consulting on the first psychoanalytic film, Pabst's Secrets of a Soul (1926). He was, however, once sighted viewing an American double feature in Vienna. The paper closes with a critique of his acting in home movies.

Art↗

PubMed1998

Progress in modeling and simulation.

For the modeling of systems, the computers are more and more used while the other "media" (including the human intellect) carrying the models are abandoned. For the modeling of knowledges, i.e. of more or less general concepts (possibly used to model systems composed of instances of such concepts), the object-oriented programming is nowadays widely used. For the modeling of processes existing and developing in the time, computer simulation is used, the results of which are often presented by means of animation (graphical pictures moving and changing in time). Unfortunately, the object-oriented programming tools are commonly not designed to be of a great use for simulation while the programming tools for simulation do not enable their users to apply the advantages of the object-oriented programming. Nevertheless, there are exclusions enabling to use general concepts represented at a computer, for constructing simulation models and for their easy modification. They are described in the present paper, together with true definitions of modeling, simulation and object-oriented programming (including cases that do not satisfy the definitions but are dangerous to introduce misunderstanding), an outline of their applications and of their further development. In relation to the fact that computing systems are being introduced to be control components into a large spectrum of (technological, social and biological) systems, the attention is oriented to models of systems containing modeling components.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed1975

Advances in endoscopic techniques for examination of the larynx and nasopharynx.

The development of the new Hopkins rod indirect laryngoscope with the polished glass rod lens system and fiberoptic lighting promise to revolutionize the indirect examination of the larynx and nasopharynx. The improved optics and lighting facilitate the acquisition of still and moving picture photography for permanent records. Examples of the superior photographic resolution are presented.

Humans↗

PubMed1949