SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1975

Accumulation of sulfate-containing acid mucopolysaccharides in I-cell fibroblasts.

A rapid and sensitive papper electrophoretic assay for 35SO4-containing compounds was developed which allowed measurement of 35S-acid mucopolysaccharides synthesized by skin fibroblasts grown in the presence of inorganic 35S-sulfate. Fibroblasts from a skin explant of a patient with I-cell disease when grown in culture accumulated abnormal amounts of 35S-acid mucopolysaccharides and other, as yet unidentified, 35S-labeled compounds. Approximately 75% of the 35S-compounds accumulated by I-cell fibroblasts were not metabolized and remained in the cells after transfer to nonlabeled medium. I-cell fibroblasts differ from fibroblasts derived from classical mucopolysaccharidoses such as Hurler's and Hunter's syndromes in the amount and types of 35S-labeled acid mucopolysaccharides accumulated. I-cell fibroblasts accumulated chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfates (16 per cent), dermatan sulfate (32 per cent), heparan sulfate (32 per cent), and other unidentified 35S-compounds. The unidentified fraction was not hydrolyzed by microbial chondroitinase or heparinase. Attempts to correct the defect in I-cell fibroblasts by growth in the presence of extracts of normal cells resulted in release of only 10 per cent of the accumulated mucopolysaccharides. Under the same conditions, Hurler and Hunter fibroblasts lost over 90 per cent of accumulated mucopolysaccharides.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1988

Mucopolysaccharides in gastric cancer.

The histochemical properties of mucus in 48 diffuse type gastric carcinomas and in 46 intestinal type gastric cancers were investigated. In the diffuse type there was a prevalence of intracellular secretion of mucopolysaccharides with a significantly larger portion of sulfated mucopolysaccharides. Acid mucopolysaccharides occurred in the tumor cells only along with neutral ones. In the intestinal type of this cancer, in turn, extracellular secretion prevailed, along with the occurrence of purely acid mucopolysaccharides and a smaller portion of sulfated ones. The secretion of pure neutral mucopolysaccharides in both types of gastric cancer was very low. In the marginal areas of intestinal type carcinomas, incomplete intestinal type IIb metaplasia was frequently found.

Carcinoma↗

PubMed1981

Degradation of mucopolysaccharide in intact isolated lysosomes.

The function of isolated lysosomes was studied by measuring mucopolysaccharide degradation. Cultured human diploid skin fibroblasts were grown in medium containing H235SO4 to label endogenous mucopolysaccharide. Lysosome containing preparations at various stages of purity were isolated from disrupted cells. These preparations degraded mucopolysaccharide as indicated by the release of radioactive sulfate. Degradation was temperature-dependent, required intact lysosomes, and was optimal when incubation was carried out at neutral pH in a buffer of low ionic strength. Lysosomes from Hurler fibroblasts were unable to carry out the degradative process. ATP at 0.5 mM was found to stimulate both the rate and the extent of mucopolysaccharide degradation; GTP, UTP, and CTP had similar effects, whereas the noncleavable ATP analog adenosine 5'-(beta gamma-imido)triphosphate gave no stimulation. The ATP stimulation was inhibited by nigericin. ATP also stimulated chloroquine accumulation in lysosomes, the magnitude of which was used to measure the change in intralysosomal pH. The presence of ATP was associated with acidification of lysosome pH by 0.23 units. Acetyl coenzyme A was also found to stimulate lysosome function. This reagent, however, had no effect on chloroquine accumulation and thus appears to stimulate mucopolysaccharide degradation by a mechanism different than that caused by ATP.

Acetyl Coenzyme A↗

PubMed1962

Inhibition of synthesis of sulfated mucopolysaccharides by estradiol.

The influence of estradiol upon incorporation of isotopes into the sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides of connective tissues of the rat has been studied. Administration of the hormone for 3 weeks significantly reduces the in vitro incorporation of S(35)-sulfate into cartilage and thoracic aorta without significantly altering the amount of hydrolyzable sulfate in these tissues. The reduction of sulfate incorporation into these tissues by estradiol represents reduced synthesis since the hormone reduces incorporation of sulfate into the acid mucopolysaccharides of the tissue to the same extent and since reduction in incorporation of C(14)-glucose also parallels S(35)-sulfate incorporation into acid mucopolysaccharides. The rate of synthesis of sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides is greater in thoracic aorta than abdominal aorta or cartilage. Since the amount of hydrolyzable sulfate is the same in these two portions of aorta, the turnover is also more rapid in the thoracic aorta.

Animals↗

PubMed1965

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND DISTRIBUTION OF ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN RABBIT LEUCOCYTES.

Acid mucopolysaccharides have been extracted from whole rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes and from the cytoplasmic granules of these cells. The leucocyte acid mucopolysaccharides can be separated into two fractions by the solubility of their CPC complexes in solutions of differing salt concentration. One of these fractions appears to be identical with hyaluronic acid; the other appears to be an atypical chondroitin sulfate. On both a dry weight and total protein basis the polymorphonuclear leucocyte granule contains approximately 2.6 times as much acid mucopolysaccharide as does the whole cell. Hyaluronic acid is concentrated in the granules in particular; its function is unknown. These results do not indicate that all lysosomes contain abundant acid mucopolysaccharides, for no detectable carbohydrate of this class could be extracted from lysosome-rich alveolar macrophages.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Sulfated mucopolysaccharides from normal and virus transformed rodent fibroblasts.

The sulfated mucopolysaccharide composition of normal and virus transformed Balb 3T3 and BHK21 cell lines is reported. It is shown that normal 3T3 cells contain mainly chondroitin sulfate B and heparitin sulfate. Relatively higher amounts of chondroitin sulface AC were observed in polyoma virus transformed 3T3 cells, besides an absolute increase of all the three sulfated mucopolysaccharides in the polyoma and SV 40 transformed cells. It is shown also that the three sulfated mucopolysaccharides are at least in part at the cell surface. Similar differences in sulfated mucopolysaccharide composition of normal and virus transformed BHK cell lines were also observed.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Histochemical investigations of acid mucopolysaccharides in corneal wound healing following superficial keratectomy (author's transl)].

In rabbit eyes there was made a central superficial defect into the cornea with a 7.2-mm Trepan/0.35 mm depth. To show alterations in the pattern of acid mucopolysaccharides during wound healing histochemical investigation was carried out in a series of toluidine blue preparations of pH 3,8-5,2 of unfixed frozen corneal sections. Table 1 shows the results of metachromasia after superficial keratectomy. On the first postoperative day metachromasia was extremely reduced in the area of keratectomia. Metachromasia in the surrounding cornea became normal after three days while in the area of corneal defect it lasted a long time, until the normal pattern of acid mucopolysaccharides is reconstructed. After three months the metachromasia was still reduced in the superficial parts of the corneal stroma (Fig. 3). After six months cornea was transparent in the area of ketatectomy with no alterations in the pattern of mucopolysaccharides. This showed the long alterations in the pattern of mucopolysaccharides. This showed the long healing procedure in bradytrophic corneal tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Studies of the mucopolysaccharid metabolism in the juvenile angiofibroma (author's transl)].

The mucopolysaccharide content of juvenile angiofibromas is investigated using histochemical and ultrahistochemical methods (histochemical in ten cases, ultrahistochemical in four cases). The investigations result in typical histochemical features and show the localization of acid mucopolysaccharides at electronmicroscopical level. The endothelium of the vessels exhibits a strong PAS-reaction and also shows acid groups at the cell surfaces. The interstitial tissue demonstrates neutral perjodatreactive substances as well as acid mucopolysaccharides. The latter substances mainly reacted in perifibrillar position. Electronmicroscopically the perjodreactive material was localized in the cytoplasma of typical fibroblasts and their modulations resembling histiocytes. The acid groups of carboxylated and sulfated mucopolysaccharides of the intercellular substance could be determined as hyaluronic acides and chondroitinsulfates (Chondroitin-4 and Chondroitin-6 sulfate) using the critical-electrolyte-concentration method after Scott and Dorling. Ultrastructurally these acid groups are localized as cell coat covering the fibroblasts and between the collagen fibrils. This histochemical investigation also supports the thesis of an organoid growth pattern of juvenile angiofibroma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

In vitro inhibition of rat arterial smooth muscle cell growth by extractive sulfated mucopolysaccharides.

The effect of a sulfated mucopolysaccharide mixture of known composition, extracted from pig duodenum, was studied on the proliferation of rat arterial smooth muscle cells cultured from rat aorta. Cell growth, stimulated by fetal calf serum, was monitored by direct cell count and by determination of the mitotic index. The extractive mixture was studied in comparison with commercial heparin, with heparin with different electrophoretic mobilities in barium acetate and with dermatan and heparan sulfates. Heparins and the extractive mucopolysaccharide mixture inhibited cell growth measured at various time intervals, and in their presence the proliferation of smooth muscle cells plateaued at lower cell densities. Dermatan and heparan sulfates were either inactive or significantly less effective than the other mucopolysaccharides. A short preincubation (3 h) of smooth muscle cells with the extractive mixture, followed by incubation with the growing medium with no mucopolysaccharides added, slowed the cell growing rate, suggesting an interaction of the mixture components with the cell surface.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Control over acid mucopolysaccharide production of cells in vitro.

Serum addition to stationary chich embryo fibroblasts in vitro causes a 300% increase in acid mucopolysaccharide production, this increase being linear both with time and concentration of serum added. At the same time, serum-stimulated production is reduced in cells which are actively dividing. The increase in acid mucopolysaccharide production caused by serum is in some manner dependent upon RNA synthesis, since the addition of actinomycin D reduces its effect by 50% within 4 h. A correlation between acid mucopolysaccharide production and chondroitin sulphotransferase activity (EC 2.8 2.5,3'-phosphoadenyl 5'-phosphosulphate: chondroitin sulphotransferase) is seen. Both increase to over 400% of control values 24 h after serum addition, and both are sensitive to the presence of actinomycin D. Serum control over production of these extracellular molecules is demonstrated and may be linked to the mitotic activity of the cell. It is proposed that this control by serum over acid mucopolysaccharide production can provide one mechanism for the cell to alter its external environment and thus affect events such as cell to cell interactions and hormonal signals necessary to cellular functions.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Subcellular distributions of UDP-galactose:polysaccharide transferase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase involved in biosynthesis of prespore-specific acid mucopolysaccharide in Dictyostelium discoideum.

During the development of a cell aggregate of Dictyostelium discoideum into a fruiting body, an antigenic acid mucopolysaccharide is synthesized only in the prespore cells of a cell mass. In this study, the subcellular distributions of UDPgalactose:polysaccharide transferase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase involved in biosynthesis of the mucopolysaccharide were determined. The transferase was specifically localized in the smaller vesicles with lighter density than the prespore-specific vacuoles identifiable electronmicroscopically. In contrast to the enzyme, the antigenic mucopolysaccharide was exclusively localized in the prespore-specific vacuoles. Unlike the transferase, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase was confined to the soluble fraction. The sucrose gradient profiles of the transferase activity in the 5000 X g supernatant gave two main peaks. When the profiles wee compared among standing and migrating slugs and culminating cell mass, the difference in the profiles closely reflected the state of biosynthesis of the acid mucopolysaccharide in each developmental stage.

Antigens, Fungal↗

PubMed1977

Mucopolysaccharide heterogeneity of the reptilian kidney basement membranes.

The kidney basement membranes of fifteen different reptiles from marine, terrestrial, desert, amphibious and fresh-water habitats have been analysed for their mucopolysaccharide contents histochemically, employing well-known and recent techniques. Capsular and tubular basement membranes possess only neutral mucopolysaccharides; on the other hand glomerular basement membrane possesses both neutral and acidic (sialic acid) mucopolysaccharides. The concentration of different mucopolysaccharides seems to be dependent on the type of habitat. Their possible physiological significance in the kidney function is discussed in great details.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Histochemical and quantitative biochemical changes in mucopolysaccharides of the term placenta of the diabetic rat.

Full-term placentae of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were analysed histochemically and biochemically for changes in mucopolysaccharide content. The experimental diabetes induced severe cystic degeneration in the spongiosa zone of the placenta and this was accompanied by extracellular deposition of hyaluronate and neutral polysaccharides. The labyrinth zone was affected to a lesser extent. Biochemical analysis also revealed quantitative differences in the total contents of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) between the two zones of the placenta in both diabetic and normal placentae. The spongiosa had a higher total mucopolysaccharide content than the labyrinth. Polysaccharides of low molecular weight were always predominant. The amount of hyaluronate exceeded the quantitites of sulphated mucopolysaccharides which were found in relatively small amounts in both placental zones. In diabetic placentae there was a two- to threefold increase, which was more pronounced in the spongiosa. The increase was observed among all types of MPS. A close correlation between the accumulation of MPS in the placenta and the degree of maternal hyperglycaemia was found. The placentae of the three streptozotocin-resistant animals showed neither histological nor biochemical changes. It is suggested that the accumulation of MPS in the diabetic placenta might be a consequence of a shift in carbohydrate metabolism induced by hyperglycaemia or a persistence of the fetal metabolic features as a part of a retarded maturational process of the placenta.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biosynthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides by the surviving new born rat skin. I. - Kinetics of the biosynthesis at the polymer level.

1) The amounts of individual mucopolysaccharides in the new born rat skin have been estimated and their specific rates of labelling assessed in vitro. Total and percentage amounts of these polymers agree satisfactorily with previously published data. 2) Relative rates of labelling from [U14C]-glucose have been estimated by combining column chromatography separation and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips. Specific radioactivities have been measured either with respect to the total uronic acid content of the fractions or with respect to their quantitative staining with Alcian Blue. The two methods agreed satisfactorily. 3) Average biosynthetic rates almost identical for hyaluronic acid and the total sulfated mucopolysaccharides. However, within the latter fraction, heparin + heparan sulfate incorporate [U14C]-glucose about 4 to 5 times more rapidly than the chondroitin sulfates. This result could not be expected from previous data obtained in vivo and is discussed with reference to a possible heterogeneity of the cell material whence the various mucopolysaccharides originate. 4) In the presence of puromycin, labelling of the sulfated mucopolysaccharides stops almost immediately, indicating a stringent requirement for protein primers. Biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid is affected only after preincubation of tissue with puromycin (one hour) and subsequent incubation of two hours with [U14C]-glucose.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides in SV40-transformed human cells from normal and mucopolysaccharidosis patients.

Lines of fibroblasts have been established from normal individuals and from patients diagnosed as suffering from one of the mucopolysaccharidoses or mucopolysaccharide-storage diseases. Transformation of these lines with SV40 virus has been found to reduce their capacity to secrete sulphated mucopolysaccharides into the growth medium. No differences were detected between the individual cell types in their secretory capacity, either before or after viral transformation. A direct relationship was found to exist between the rate of acid mucopolysaccharide production and cell-doubling time. The level of sulphated mucopolysaccharide detected within the cell was also reduced for all cell types after transformation by SV40. Transformed fibroblasts from mucopolysaccharidosis patients, however, showed a relatively greater reduction in storage capacity than those derived from normal individuals.

Cell Line↗

PubMed1966

Acid mucopolysaccharides of chick-embryo cartilage in osteolathyrism.

1. In view of the suggested association between collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides in the connective tissues, this study was designed to see whether the lathyrus factor, beta-aminopropionitrile, affected the acid mucopolysaccharides as well as inhibiting the normal polymerization of collagen. The changing pattern of these two components of cartilage from normal and lathyritic chick embryos aged 14-20 days is described. The chondroitin sulphates and their protein complexes have been isolated from these cartilages, characterized and compared, particularly with respect to their sulphate content; no significant differences in quality or quantity were detectable. 2. Saline extracts of normal and lathyritic cartilages were also compared; whereas the collagen content of lathyritic extracts was increased to ten times that in the normal, the acid mucopolysaccharide content of both extracts was always the same. 3. It therefore appears that in the chick embryo beta-aminopropionitrile does not affect the acid mucopolysaccharides of the developing cartilage.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1969

Vitamin A and the biosynthesis of sulphated mucopolysaccharides. Experiments with rats and cultured neoplastic mast cells.

1. The uptake and incorporation of [(35)S]sulphate into mucopolysaccharides by colon and duodenum in vitro are unaffected by the vitamin A status of the animals. 2. Uptake and incorporation in vivo are unaffected at 4hr. after injection of [(35)S]sulphate, but at later times are decreased in some tissues of vitamin A-deficient animals. 3. The rate of removal of (35)S from blood, its rate of appearance in urine, the plasma concentration of sulphate and the uronic acid content of several tissues are not significantly altered in vitamin A deficiency. 4. These results, and direct measurement of (35)S in mucopolysaccharides at various times after injection of [(35)S]sulphate, suggest that the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides is unaffected but that their turnover is increased in vitamin A deficiency. 5. Neither the growth rate of, nor the incorporation of [(35)S]sulphate into heparin by, P815Y and HC cultured neoplastic mast cells is decreased when the horse serum necessary for growth is treated with ultraviolet light or is replaced by serum from vitamin A-deficient rats. 6. The addition of citral is no more toxic to growth rate or to incorporation of (35)S than is the addition of vitamin A itself. 7. It is concluded that neoplastic mast cells in culture do not require vitamin A for growth or for the synthesis of heparin. 8. None of these results is compatible with the view that vitamin A or a derivative is directly involved in the biosynthesis of sulphated mucopolysaccharides.

Aldehydes↗

PubMed1976

The isolation and characterization of glycopeptides and mucopolysaccharides from plasma membranes of an ascites hepatoma, AH 130 FN.

Plasma membranes were isolated from an ascites hepatoma, AH 130 FN, a free-cell type subline of AH 130, by the fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA) method. Glycopeptides and mucopolysaccharides were prepared from the membranes by pronase digestion then fractionated chromatographically and electrophoretically. Isolated fractions were analyzed for amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. The results were compared with those for corresponding fractions from AH 66 and AH 130 ((1974) J. Biochem. 76, 319-333; (1975) ibid., 78, 863-872). The fraction excluded from Sephadex G-50 contained mucopolysaccharides and a series of glycopeptides. The mucopolysaccharides were identified as chondroitin sulfate A on the basis of their chemical composition, electrophoretic behavior on cellulose acetate and digestibility with chondroitinase AC [EC 4.2.2.5]. This contrasts with previous findings that mucopolysaccharides from the corresponding fractions from AH 130 and AH 66 were heparan sulfate. The chemical composition of the glycopeptides, which showed high contents of threonine, serine, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, and sialic acid, indicated the presence of glycopeptides with O-glycosidic linkages. The glycopeptides also contained a small but significant amount of aspartic acid, suggesting that N-glycosidic glycopeptides were also contained in this fraction. The fraction included in Sepnadex G-50 contaoned N-glycosidic glycopeptides as major components, since the carbohydrate moieties were composed of fucose, galactose, mannose, glucosamine, sialic acid, and a smaller amount of galactosamine. The presence of galactosamine suggested that O-glycosidic glycopeptides were present as minor components. Glycopeptides with both O- and N-glycosidic linkages were isolated from AH 130, but not from AH 66.

Amino Acids↗