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PubMed1994

Beneficial effects of DX-9386, a traditional Chinese prescription, on memory disorder produced by lesioning the amygdala in mice.

The amygdala is one of the key areas of the brain involved in learning and memory. Bilateral lesions of the amygdala in 9-week-old mice induced impairment of memory acquisition and retention. DX-9386, a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription consisting of ginseng, polygala, acorus and hoelen, was orally administered to the lesioned mice after the operation until all the experiments were completed. From 15d after surgery, learning behavior in the step-down test was observed daily for 10 d. DX-9386 treatment ameliorated the memory acquisition deficit. The number of step-down events in the first testing trial was significantly decreased by administration of 250 mg/kg of the prescription to the lesioned group of mice. Choline acetyltransferase activity in the cerebral cortex of the lesioned mice was significantly decreased, while repeated administration of the prescription did not affect this biochemical parameter. These results indicate that the memory acquisition enhancing effect of DX-9386 may not be achieved by direct activation of cholinergic transmission in the brain but by some other mechanism(s).

Amygdala↗
PubMed1982

Memory disorders following focal neocortical damage.

Two aspects of memory defects following circumscribed neocortical lesionare considered. First, the selective impairment involving one category of stimuli (e.g. faces, colours) or a specific mnestic ability (spatial orientation). The deficit affects "new" as well as "old" memories and suggests that engrams are located in discrete cortical areas. The second issue concerns the relation of the hemispheric side of lesion to memory of non-verbal visual material, as a function of the differential utilization of the visual and verbal code in carrying out the task. Short-term memory tests are performed poorly by aphasics. In long-term memory tests, the performance depends on the nature of the task; in the early stages of paired-associate learning aphasics are impaired, on recurring figure recognition no hemispheric difference emerges, on sequential memory right brain-damaged patients have the poorest scores.

Agnosia↗
PubMed1991

[Memory disorders in senile dementia].

Being induced by a certain external cause, coherent ideas of the events gone by may occur in the consciousness of senile dementia patients. These observations suggest that memory stores in senile dementia remain outside the destructive action of the senile atrophic process, in any case until the expressive speech is preserved. Storage of the information acquired before the appearance of the symptoms of dementia is unlikely to depend on the degree of its personality importance. Before it becomes strongly manifest, senile dementia does not prevent the stamping on the person's memory, at least of part of new information (possibly, of only emotionally significant). Such material may also be stored in the patients' memory even in case of pronounced dementia. Difficulties in active reproduction of the ideas available in memory stores can already be seen at the early stages, becoming more remarkable as the disease progresses.

Age Factors↗