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PubMed2000

Microleakage of compomer class V restorations: effect of load cycling, thermal cycling, and cavity shape differences.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Microleakage is an important problem with direct filling restorations and an understanding of the factors that contribute to it is of critical importance. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of thermal and occlusal load cycling, and limited cavity preparation on microleakage of compomer Class V restorations in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Class V cavities were randomly prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 32 recently extracted molars and premolars and restored with Dyract compomer restorative system as per the manufacturer's directions. Teeth were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups with 8 teeth in each group: (I) thermocycling only; (II) load cycling only; (III) both thermocycling and load cycling; and (IV) no treatment. All teeth were then immersed in 2% basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Dye penetration was measured linearly using color photographic prints. ANOVA, comparisons between means, and correlation were used to analyze the results. RESULTS: Thermocycling and cavity preparation had a significant effect on microleakage, but load cycling did not. Occlusal margins leaked more than the gingival margins. CONCLUSION: Class V restorations demonstrated increased microleakage under the conditions of thermal cycling and nonretentive cavity design. More microleakage occurred at occlusal margins than at gingival margins. The effect of load cycling is complicated by considerations of the types of stresses applied and the restorative material response to such stresses.

Compomers↗

PubMed2003

The effect of thermocycling on microleakage of several commercially available composite Class V restorations in vitro.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Microleakage is a major factor contributing to the occurrence of secondary carious lesions around composite restorations. PURPOSE OF STUDY: This in vitro study investigated the effect of thermocycling on microleakage of several composite Class V restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred twenty molars were randomly distributed into 6 groups of 20 teeth. Class V preparations were made in the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth and restored in bulk by use of 6 composites (Arabesk, Silux-Plus, Solitaire 2, Durafill VS, Charisma, and Renew) according to the manufacturers' recommendations. The teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours. The teeth in each group were divided randomly into 2 subgroups: (a) thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C with a dwell time of 30 seconds, (b) no thermocycling treatment. All restored teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 4 hours and sectioned buccolingually with a diamond wheel. Dye penetration was scored by use of a stereomicroscope at original magnification x4. The generalized linear models statistical analysis was used (alpha=.05). RESULTS: The preparation margins (enamel/dentin) and thermocycling had a significant effect on microleakage (P=.0351, P<.0001, respectively); the type of material had no significant effect (P=.1689). CONCLUSIONS: Thermocycling significantly increased the microleakage (P<.0001). The overall microleakage at the enamel margins was significantly less than at the dentinal margins (P=.0351).

Coloring Agents↗

PubMed2003

Amalgam type, adhesive system, and storage period as influencing factors on microleakage of amalgam restorations.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The penetration of oral fluids and bacteria at the interface between the preparation walls and amalgam restorations, known as marginal microleakage, continues to be a problem in restorative dentistry. Microleakage may result in secondary caries and the irritation of the pulp. PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effect of amalgam type, adhesive system, and storage period on microleakage of amalgam restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty human premolars and molars were divided randomly into 8 equal groups of 10 teeth each. A combination of 2 different types of amalgam alloys (Spherodon and Nogama-2) and 2 bonding agents (Resinomer and High-Q-Bond) were used to restore Class V preparations. After thermocycling for 750 cycles (4 degrees C and 60 degrees C for 1-minute dwell times), the teeth were stored in a corrosive solution (modified Fusayama solution). The mean depth of fuchsin dye penetration was evaluated after an immersion period of 14 days and 180 days. The data were analyzed with a 3-way analysis of variance model and Wilcoxon paired signed rank test (alpha=.05). Main effects (aging time, amalgam, and adhesive), as well as possible interactions, were included in the model. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in all analyzed combinations. The 3-way interaction between time, restoration, and adhesive was significant (P=.04 and P=.015 for the cervical and occlusal margin, respectively). After long-term storage, dye penetration values decreased in all groups and reached a lower level compared with short-term storage (range of 0.42 mm to 0.83 mm versus 0.61 mm to 3.6 mm for the long and short term, respectively). CONCLUSION: An adhesive bonding agent may affect microleakage in the short term. However, in the long term the effect of the adhesive does not appear to be the dominant factor in reducing microleakage around amalgam restorations.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1991

Microleakage at the resin-alloy interface of chemically retained composite resins for cast restorations.

New retentive mechanisms between veneering resins and casting alloys are claimed to have a chemical bond that results in a high bond strength combined with low microleakage between the veneering resin and cast restoration. This study compared the microleakage of four chemical bonding mechanisms when three veneering resins were bonded to two dental casting alloys. Resin-veneered alloy disks were immersed in red India ink and kept at 37 degrees C for 72 hours. The disks were then bench dried for 24 hours. The resin veneer was sectioned into eight sectors in an engineering milling machine and these resin sectors were removed to display the microleakage pattern. It was concluded that (1) no microleakage was found in two combinations, and (2) the highest microleakage was with Sr-Isosit-N/Panavia EX/Firmilay combinations.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed1996

Microleakage of a 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride bonding agent with amalgams.

Microleakage contributes to deterioration of materials, recurrent decay, growth of microorganisms at the interface, and postoperative tooth sensitivity. This study examined the microleakage between amalgams and tooth surfaces with a cavity liner, a 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride bonding agent (Amalgambond) and six different types of amalgams. Class 1 cavity preparations in extracted human molars were filled with different combinations of liners and amalgams and were stored at 37 degrees C in physiologic saline solution. After 1 week half of each amalgam restoration was removed. Within the same group the same cavity treatment was performed and the same type of amalgam was packed as before. Microleakage was determined after 2000 thermal cycles. Statistical analysis indicated that Amalgambond significantly reduced microleakage of different amalgams compared with the Copalite-lined and unlined controls. No microleakage was detected at the interface between the existing and replacement amalgams.

Dental Amalgam↗

PubMed1998

Microleakage of endodontically treated teeth restored with posts.

A fluid filtration system using 15 psi of pressure on the penetrating fluid was used to quantify the amount of microleakage of a stainless-steel post and a carbon-fiber post system, each placed with various cements. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference in microleakage between the cements (p < 0.001). Zinc phosphate cement showed the most microleakage, whereas C & B Metabond cement showed the least. There was no significant difference in microleakage between the stainless-steel and carbon-fiber posts. The results of this study showed that both posts, when cemented with dentin-bonding resin cements (C & B Metabond and Panavia-21), exhibited less microleakage than when cemented with non-dentin-bonding cements (glass ionomer and zinc phosphate).

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1999

Microleakage between endodontic temporary restorative materials placed at different times.

Occlusal endodontic access preparations are occasionally made in teeth without removing the original restoration. However, microleakage between restorative materials that are placed at different times has not been extensively studied. Therefore, our objective was to compare microleakage at three areas: between an access opening restorative material and the cavity wall; between an additional material placed later to patch a secondary opening in the first restorative material and the original restorative material itself; and between the secondarily placed material and the cavity wall. Standard endodontic access preparations were made in 120 noncarious, nonrestored crowns of extracted human molars. These teeth were divided into six experimental groups. Another four molars were controls. The endodontic access cavities were restored with either IRM or amalgam as the primary restorative material. After 14 days, half of the primary restorations was removed, and this defect was filled with a secondary restorative material: IRM, Caviton, or a double seal of Caviton and IRM. Microleakage was measured linearly as the extent of basic fuchsin dye penetration under a stereomicroscope after thermal cycling (5 degrees and 55 degrees C for 100 cycles) and tooth sectioning. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis. Results indicated significantly less microleakage between primary and secondary restorative materials placed at different times than microleakage between primary temporary restorative materials and the access cavity wall, regardless of the type of primary restorative material used (IRM or amalgam).

Calcium Sulfate↗

PubMed2002

Bacterial microleakage and pulp inflammation associated with various restorative materials.

OBJECTIVES: Many restorative materials are claimed to be successful in preventing bacterial microleakage and minimizing pulp inflammation. However, information regarding the in vivo performance of materials in comparison with each other is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the pulp response of nine restorative materials when placed in non-exposed monkey cavities. METHODS: 279 standardized non-exposed Class V cavities, were prepared into buccal dentin. Cavities were restored with a number of materials in the following categories: Zinc oxide eugenol (ZnOE), Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)(2)], zinc phosphate (ZP), Resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), Composite resin (CR), Bonded amalgam (BA), Gutta-percha (GP), Compomer and Silicate. Pulp tissues were collected and evaluated at short, intermediate and long-term intervals according to ISO guidelines; employing histomorphometric analysis, Spearman's rho and ANOVA statistics. Pulp responses were categorized according to FDI, ISO and ADA standards. Bacteria were detected using McKay stains. RESULTS: Pulp inflammation was found to be correlated to bacterial microleakage around the restoration (p < or =0.0001). The frequency of bacterial microleakage was found to vary between restorative materials (p < or =0.0001). In rank order of preventing bacterial microleakage from best to the worst; RMGI (100%), BA (88%), ZnOE (86%), CR (80%), GP (64%), Ca(OH)(2) (58%), compomer (42%), silicate (36%) and ZP (0%). SIGNIFICANCE: The most effective restorative materials to prevent bacterial microleakage and pulp injury from inflammatory activity were RMGI, BA, ZnOE and CR restorations.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2000

Effect of finishing technique on the microleakage and surface texture of resin-modified glass ionomer restorative materials.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of wet and dry finishing/polishing procedures on the microleakage and surface texture of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavity preparations were made at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) on the buccal and lingual surface of 30 extracted human molars. The teeth were restored in three groups of 10 (20 preparations in each group) using Fuji II LC and Vitremer, both RMGIs, and Fuji II, a capsulated conventional glass ionomer cement (control). One restoration per tooth was finished/polished with copious applications of water and the other was finished/polished without water. All restorations were finished/polished using a sequence of four abrasive disks. Finishing/polishing was initiated according to manufacturers' instructions-immediately after light-curing Fuji II LC and Vitremer, and 15min after placement for Fuji II. The specimens were thermocycled and subjected to a silver nitrate leakage test. Each tooth was sectioned buccolingually and examined with an optical microscope at 40x to determine the extent of microleakage at enamel and dentin margins. The data were subjected to a non-parametric statistical analysis. To evaluate surface roughness after polishing, three disks each of Vitremer and Fuji II LC were fabricated in Teflon molds. One disk of each material was not finished/polished (control). The others were finished/polished using Sof-Lex abrasive disks. One specimen of each material was kept wet during all finishing/polishing procedures, while the other was kept dry. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the average roughness (R(a)) of the specimens. RESULTS: For each material, microleakage at the enamel margin was very slight. Leakage of the conventional glass ionomer Fuji II was severe at dentin margins. Statistical analysis indicated that both Vitremer and Fuji II LC had significantly less leakage than Fuji II, and that Vitremer had significantly less leakage than Fuji II LC (p<0.05). Leakage at enamel margins was significantly less than at dentin margins. Differences related to wet and dry polishing were not statistically significant. Profilometry data indicated that polished specimens were rougher than those cured against a Mylar strip. Wet polishing created greater surface roughness than dry polishing. CONCLUSIONS: RMGIs rather than conventional glass ionomers should be used in Class V cavity sites to allow immediate finishing and to reduce the incidence of microleakage. Dry finishing of RMGIs with abrasive disks is recommended because it produces a smoother surface and does not contribute to microleakage. However, wet finishing of conventional glass ionomers is still recommended to avoid desiccation.

Composite Resins↗

PubMed2000

The use of 3D computerized reconstruction for the study of coronal microleakage.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method for studying coronal microleakage associated with root-filled teeth. METHODOLOGY: Twenty human mandibular posterior teeth were prepared chemomechanically with the stepback technique and then divided into two groups of 10 teeth each. The canals were filled using lateral condensation of gutta-percha points; Roth's 801 was used as a sealer for the first group, and Ketac-Endo for the second. After 48 h, the temporary fillings in the access cavities were removed, the roots coated with three layers of nail polish and then the teeth were exposed to artificial saliva for 40 days. Subsequently, the crowns of the teeth were placed into Indian ink for 4 days before the coating was removed and the teeth embedded in a two-phase polyester resin. Serial cross sections were taken from each specimen using a microtome, and each cross section photographed under a stereoscopic microscope. The photographs of the cross sections were digitized using an image scanner and the contours of the external surface of the teeth, the obturated root canals and the boundaries of dye penetration were followed. Finally, a three-dimensional surface representation was achieved using the triangulation method. RESULTS: Although the sample size and the experimental methods were not designed to form valid groups, the results showed that all roots obturated with Ketac-Endo sealer had dye microleakage, whilst only three teeth of the Roth's 801 group had dye microleakage. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D reconstruction of dye microleakage proved to be an interesting method and a useful tool for the evaluation of coronal microleakage when using different types of root canal sealers.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed2002

Investigation of microleakage at the interface between a Co-Cr based alloy and four polymeric veneering materials.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: . Marginal adaptation and resistance to microleakage are important factors for clinical success in fixed prosthodontics. Alloy corrosion that sometimes occurs under a veneer in the cervical area may result in cervical staining, a metallic taste, or even failure of the interface. PURPOSE: This study investigated cervical microleakage between a Co-Cr alloy and 4 indirect polymeric veneering materials used with different conditioning systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixteen metallic frameworks (copings) were obtained by fabricating 0.6-mm calibrated wax patterns on a master cast abutment. The wax patterns were provided with 0.4-mm beaded retention on the veneering surfaces and cast in a Co-Cr based alloy (Biosil F) used for fixed partial dentures. The Co-Cr copings were divided equally into 4 groups and veneered with 4 polymeric materials (Signum, Solidex, Superpont C+B, and Targis). Three chemical conditioning systems (Siloc, Targis-Link, and Silicoater MD) were used with the respective veneering system recommended by the manufacturer; Conolar opaque was used for Superpont C+B. No control group was created. After 2 weeks of storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, 2000 cycles at 5-55 degrees C, and 24 hours of storage in 0.5% basic fuchsine, specimens were embedded in clear liquid casting resin and sectioned along a perpendicular cervical-incisal plane through the middle of the cervical collar. The surfaces of the resulting sections were examined in the cervical area with a metallurgical microscope to detect dye penetration. Leakage was quantitatively evaluated with the use of a scoring system (established by the authors) that indicated the presence/absence of dye in 3 regions of the cervical interface from the collar to the incisal margin. Scores were compared and analyzed with the use of 1-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference test (P=.05). RESULTS: Superpont C+B was associated with the highest microleakage scores (3.75 +/- 0.5). The least microleakage at the interface was produced by Targis (1 +/- 0.816), followed by Solidex (2.5 +/- 1.0) and Signum (2.25 +/- 0.975). Only the difference between Targis and Superpont C+B was significant (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the extent of cervical microleakage between the coping and veneer depended on the particular polymeric material used for veneering. The extremes of the study were Targis/Targis-Link (lowest leakage scores) and Superpont C+B (highest leakage scores). Differences among the chemical retention systems tested were not significant.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

Morphological and microleakage studies of the cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser irradiation in primary teeth.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to investigate cavity surfaces morphologically, and compare microleakage at cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser after composite resin restoration versus conventional mechanical treatment in human primary teeth in vitro. BACKGROUND DATA: There have been few reports on microleakage at cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 cavities (class V) in human primary teeth were used. Half of the cavities were prepared by an Er:YAG laser system at 300 mJ pulse energy and 4 Hz, and the other half were prepared with a high-speed diamond bur. Five cavities from each group were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histopathological examination. Remaining cavities were filled with a composite resin without an acid-etching technique and then subjected to microleakage test in 0.6% rhodamine B solution under thermocycling. RESULTS: Microleakage (score: 2.45 +/- 1.07) at cavities prepared by laser was significantly less than that by bur (score: 1.30 +/- 0.95; p < 0.05). SEM observation showed that, compared with the relatively flat appearance of cavities prepared by bur, cavity margins prepared by laser were irregular but there was almost no smear layer at the cavity walls. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that cavity surfaces prepared by Er:YAG laser are irregular, but microleakage at cavities prepared by the laser after filling with composite resin is better than that by mechanical bur using the dye penetration method.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗

PubMed2003

Nd:YAG laser influence on microleakage of class V composite restoration.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of the Nd:YAG laser on microleakage of class V composite restorations. BACKGROUND DATA: There has been very little research that concerns microleakage resulting from the use of lasers and restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six cavities were prepared and divided into three groups (n = 12) as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, Nd:YAG laser irradiation before adhesive technique; Group 3, Nd:YAG laser irradiation after adhesive technique. Nd:YAG laser parameters were 320 micro m of fiberoptics; energy/pulse of 40 mJ of energy/pulse; repetition rate of 15 Hz; power of 0.6 W; pulsed and non-contact, 1 mm from the surface; 30 sec in scanning mode; energy density was 49,76 J/cm(2). Cavities were restored with microhybrid composite. After polishing, thermocycling and impermeabilization procedures were performed and specimens were submitted to a microleakage test, with complete immersion in aqueous solution of 50% silver nitrate for 8 h, in the total absence of light. After washing and drying, teeth were embedded to facilitate buccal-lingual vertical sectioning. Microleakage was revealed by light. RESULTS: We used the Kruskal-Wallis test at a 5% level of confidence and observed no statistically significant difference among the tested groups. CONCLUSION: It was possible to conclude that Nd:YAG laser does not influence marginal microleakage on composite restorations, independent of the moment the laser had been used.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed1998

Study of microleakage at Class I cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser using three types of restorative materials.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study were to investigate microleakage at class I cavities filled with amalgam, composite resin, or glass-ionomer after preparation by Er:YAG laser and to compare the results with those by a conventional method using an air turbine. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: There has been no report of a study of microleakage on class I cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser. METHODS: Ninety-six extracted human premolar and molar teeth were used in this study. Forty-eight class I cavities were prepared by Er:YAG laser and 48 class I cavities by air turbine. After preparation, each of the 2 groups was further subdivided into 3 groups, respectively, and cavities in each of these subgroups were filled by 1 of 3 types of restorative materials. Microleakage at the restored cavities was assessed by the dye penetration method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Minimal or moderate leakage was evident at most of the composite resin or glass-ionomer restorations, whereas moderate or severe leakage was observed at most of the amalgam restorations as shown by the dye penetration method. There was significant difference among the 3 restorative materials (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in microleakage between the cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser and those by air turbine (p > 0.05). SEM evaluation demonstrated good adaptation with most of the composite resin or glass-ionomer restorations, but amalgam restorations showed slightly poorer adaptation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Er:YAG laser is useful for class I cavity preparation from the viewpoint of microleakage.

Composite Resins↗

PubMed2004

Nd:YAG laser influence on microleakage of class V composite restoration.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to evaluate Nd:YAG laser influence on microleakage of class V composite restorations. BACKGROUND DATA: There are few studies concerning laser with restorative materials, considering microleakage. One more sent. METHODS: Thirty six cavities were prepared and divided into three groups (n = 12): group 1, control; group 2, Nd:YAG laser irradiation before adhesive technique; group 3, Nd:YAG laser irradiation after adhesive technique was used as the single bottle. Adhesive system Nd:YAG laser parameters were 320 microm of fiberoptic; energy/pulse of 40 mJ of energy/pulse; repetition rate of 15 Hz; power of 0.6 W; pulsed and non-contact, 1 mm from the surface; 30 seconds in scanning mode; energy density was 49.76 J/cm(2). Cavities were restored with microhybrid composite. After having used a polishing technique, thermocycling and impermeabilization procedures were performed and specimens were submitted to a microleakage test consisting of immersion in aqueous solution of 50% silver nitrate for 8 h, in the total absence of light. After washing and drying procedures, teeth were embedded to facilitate buccal-lingual vertical sectioning. Microleakage was revealed by light. RESULTS: We accomplished Kruskal-Wallis test at 5% level of confidence and observed no statistically significant difference between the tested groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that Nd:YAG laser in the parameters used, has no influence on marginal microleakage in composite restorations, independent of the moment the laser was used.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Influence of Er:YAG laser on cavity preparation and surface treatment in microleakage of composite resin restorations.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess microleakage on class V cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser with varying surface treatment. BACKGROUND DATA: There has been little reported research on microleakage at cavities prepared and treated with Er:YAG laser. METHODS: Fifty preparations using Er:YAG laser or a highspeed handpiece were developed. The surface treatment was performed as follows: Er:YAG laser (group 1); 35% phosphoric acid (group 2); laser + acid (group 3); finishing with low-speed + laser + acid (group 4); conventional preparation developed with a high-speed handpiece + acid (group 5--control). The samples were restored with Single Bond/Z250, thermocycled, isolated, and immersed in a 50% AgNO(3) solution. The restorations were sectioned, and the microleakage was measured in milimeters using a specific computer software. Data were analyzed employing ANOVAand Tukey test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that group 5 (G5) obtained the lowest results of microleakage (22.05%), and it was statistically similar (p > 0.05) to G1 (37.7%) and different (p < 0.05) from the other groups (G2 = 50.4%; G3 = 43%; G4 = 44.2%). The occlusal margins (22.62%) demonstrated less microleakage (p < 0.05) than the cervical margins (56.32%). CONCLUSION: The use of Er:YAG laser for cavity preparation and surface treatment negatively influenced the marginal sealing of composite resin restorations.

Composite Resins↗

PubMed2001

Effect of removal of the smear layer on apical microleakage.

It has been shown previously that the smear layer created during instrumentation of the root canal promotes apical microleakage. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of removal of the smear layer on apical microleakage, using the fluid filtration method. Thirty-six single-rooted human premolar teeth were used. Six of the teeth were selected randomly as controls, and the remaining 30 teeth were randomly divided into two groups of 15 teeth each. For the first group (group 1) teeth were irrigated with NaOCl only (smear layer not removed). In the second group (group 2) the teeth were irrigated with 15% EDTA, followed by NaOCl to remove the smear layer. Both groups were filled with thermoplasticized gutta-percha (Obtura II) using glass-ionomer cement as sealer. All teeth were stored at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity for 2 days. Apical microleakage of the filled root canal was measured by the fluid filtration technique. Hydraulic conductance was measured by the movement of an air bubble in a capillary tube after a pressure of 200 mm Hg was applied to the system. The mean microleakage rate of group 1 and group 2 were 13.0 (SD +/- 5.1) and 16.9 (SD +/- 15.3) nl/s, respectively. Removal of the smear layer caused significantly more apical microleakage (p < 0.05, Student's t test) than when the smear layer was left intact.

Bicuspid↗

PubMed2006

Microleakage along Glassix glass fibre posts cemented with three different materials assessed using a fluid transport system.

AIM: To evaluate the microleakage along Glassix fibre posts cemented with three different materials. METHODOLOGY: The root canals of maxillary central incisor teeth were filled and restored with Glassix posts (Harald Nordin sa, Chailly/Montreux, Switzerland) cemented with either a zinc-phosphate Harvard cement (Richter & Hoffmann, Harvard Dental GmbH, Berlin, Germany), Fuji PLUS cement (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) or Variolink II cement (Vivadent, Schaan, Lichtenstein) in three groups of 15 canals each. Twenty unrestored canals served as a control group, 10 filled with gutta-percha and sealer (negative control group), the remaining 10 with gutta-percha only (positive control group). Coronal microleakage was evaluated using a fluid transport system. The movement of an air bubble in a capillary glass tube connected to the apex of the experimental root section was measured over 5-min periods. Measurements were performed four times for each specimen and the mean values recorded. ANOVA and Duncan's test were performed. RESULTS: The positive control group had the highest values of microleakage. Amongst experimental groups, the highest values of microleakage occurred in the group with the posts cemented with Harvard cement, followed by Fuji PLUS and Variolink II cements. Groups with Fuji PLUS, Variolink II and the negative control group had significantly (P < 0.00001) less microleakage compared with the Harvard cement group and the positive control group. CONCLUSION: Canals with Glassix posts cemented with Variolink II and Fuji PLUS cement had the least leakage when assessed using a fluid transport system.

Air↗