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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Morbidity patterns among employees at a petroleum refinery.

This study examined the morbidity experience of a prospective cohort of 2132 male employees who worked at a petroleum refinery from 1981 through 1988. The morbidity data included all illness-absence episodes in excess of 5 days during the study period. Standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) of disease prevalence were calculated using data from all manufacturing employees of the Shell Oil Company as an internal comparison group. As such, there is no potential bias associated with the "healthy worker effect" in this type of study design. Morbidity for all causes combined was virtually the same as that for the comparison group with 2,311 observed and 2,318 expected disease prevalence events. However, there were statistically increased prevalence of musculoskeletal system disorders (SMR = 136) and injuries (SMR = 125) among staff employees and skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (SMR = 138) among production employees. A review of the original morbidity reports for these skin conditions revealed that none were due to exposure to chemical products or solvents. The SMR for neoplasms of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue among production employees was slightly elevated but was based on only three cases (2.4 expected). Of the three cases, none was due to leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Experience with the use of echolocation in the diagnosis of extraorganic tumors of the neck].

Echolocation was used to diagnose extraorganic [correction of intraorgan] tumors of the neck in 18 patients. The results evidence that echo signals help locate the tumor and its relation to other tissues and organs of the neck, its structure and size, the presence of the capsule or aggressive growth, and locate tumorous nodes beyond the tumor. Echolocation of tumors of the neck is an informative and simple diagnostic method.

Female↗
PubMed2004

Neoplasms in the Navy, 1998-2000: a descriptive analysis of the Physical Evaluation Board database.

Records with diagnoses for neoplasms (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes 140-239) contained in the U.S. Navy Physical Evaluation Board database for 1998 to 2000 were identified (n = 427 cases, 342 malignant and 85 benign). The four most common sites of occurrence were other and unspecified sites (27%), lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues (22%), benign neoplasms (20%), and genitourinary organs (12%). Crude overall cancer rates were 37.7 cases per 100,000 male subjects and 55.4 cases per 100,000 female subjects. Overall, Hodgkin's disease was the most common diagnosis, with a rate of 3.3 cases per 100,000 population. It also had the highest rate among male subjects, with 3.5 cases per 100,000 male subjects of all ages and 4.2 cases per 100,000 men more than 40 years of age. For women, breast cancer had the highest rate of 8.5 cases per 100,000 subjects. These values are consistent with or lower than the published reports of U.S. Navy and national rates. Ongoing surveillance of malignancies among Navy personnel is an important part of force health protection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Cancer mortality in an international cohort of workers exposed to styrene.

Increased risks for leukaemia and lymphoma have been suggested in studies of workers exposed to styrene in the rubber and plastics industry. A historical cohort study was conducted in Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom involving 40,683 workers employed in the reinforced plastics industry, where high exposure to styrene occurs. Exposure to styrene was reconstructed through job histories, environmental and biological monitoring data and production records of the plants in the study. Cause-specific national death rates were used as the reference. Among exposed workers, no excess was observed for mortality from all causes (2195 deaths, standardized mortality ratio [SMR], 95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 91-99), from all neoplasms, from lung cancer or from other major epithelial cancers. Mortality from neoplasms of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues was not elevated (50 deaths; SMR, 96; CI, 71-126) and was not consistently associated with length of exposure. The rate of mortality from leukaemias and lymphomas increased with time since first exposure. Among subjects who had been exposed for more than one year, a two-fold risk was observed 20 years after first exposure (eight deaths; SMR, 197; CI, 85-387). These results are inadequate to exclude the possibility that styrene causes leukaemia and lymphoma.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1996

Cancer incidence on a small island--research opportunities in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To test the impression of an increased cancer incidence on the island of Pellworm (in the far North of Germany) and to illustrate the feasibility of a general practice-based approach in epidemiological research. DESIGN: Cancer incidence on Pellworm was prospectively registered in the only general practice on the island from 1986 to 1992. Age-standardized rates and expected rates were calculated on the basis of the Saarland cancer registry, the only registry in Germany. Standardized incidence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for Poisson-distributed events were also calculated. The cancer data were summed up over a seven-year period. SETTING: The only general practice on the island of Pellworm, a North Frisian marshland-island. SUBJECTS: The total practice population between 1986 and 1992 (N = 1172) RESULTS: The crude annual cancer incidence rate for Pellworm was, according to the impression, unexpectedly high: 634/100 000 for men and 502/100 000 for women. After age standardization, however, this increased rate of cancer incidence was even lower than in the Saarland (ratios: 0.86 for men and 0.95 for women). Only the incidence of neoplasms of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue in men exceeded the limits of statistical likelihood (ratio: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.17-7.10). CONCLUSION: The impression of an increased rate of cancer on Pellworm could not be validated. The overall incidence rate was even lower than expected. Only the rate of leukaemia/lymphoma (men) was significantly higher. Reasons for this result could not be detected by a descriptive approach. General practice is a suitable place for studies in cancer epidemiology, especially in such ideal circumstances as a clearly limited area and complete and reliable documentation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cancer mortality at a Naval Nuclear Shipyard.

To evaluate a reported five-fold increase in leukaemia mortality among workers exposed to ionising radiation at Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Naval Shipyard (PNS), a retrospective cohort mortality study of all PNS civilian workers employed from 1952 to 1977 was done. Three subcohorts were identified: 7615 workers with radiation exposure of 0.001 to 91.414 rem (mean 2.779 rem, median 0.545 rem), 15 585 non-radiation workers, and 1345 workers selected for radiation work who received no measurable exposures. Vital status on 96% of the workers was ascertained and observed mortality due to all causes, all malignant neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues, including leukaemia, was compared with that expected from mortality-rates for United States White males. Leukaemia mortality in radiation and non-radiation workers at PNS was also compared. Although the study had a power of greater than 99% to detect statistically a five-fold increase in leukaemia mortality among the radiation workers, and a power of 67% to detect a two-fold increase, there was no excess due to leukaemia or any other cause. The standardised mortality ratio for leukaemia among radiation workers was 84 (95% confidence interval, 34--174). There was no dose-response relation with radiation or any increased mortality in radiation over non-radiation workers. The study was, however, limited by short latency (time since first radiation); only 53% of the workers had less than 15 years' latency.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Prognostic factors of bone and soft tissue sarcoma].

The prognosis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma is influenced by factors such as pulmonary metastasis, local curability and sensitivity to chemotherapy. In cases with pulmonary lesion, the prognosis has not been favorable, but recently long-term survivors are increasing in number by effective chemotherapy, and the removal of primary and metastatic lesions. As in cases without metastatic lesions, the prognosis of high-grade sarcoma were influenced by local curability and sensitivity to chemotherapy. On the other hand, the prognosis in low grade sarcoma is mainly decided by local curability. To assure local curability the following should be considered. 1) safety surgical margin, 2) preoperative radiation therapy if the safety margin is not predicted, and 3) risk factors in local curability, which are lymph node metastasis, skip metastasis and tumor thrombus. If these risk factors are detected before operation, a more radical procedure should be planned. Moreover, cutaneous angiosarcoma and epithelioid sarcoma, which are occasionally associated with these risk factors, should be operated by ablative procedure even if the risk factors are not detected. 4) In cases with pathological fracture or inadequately operated, surgical intervention to prevent transplantation should be undertaken as soon as possible. Effective chemotherapy could improve the prognosis of high grade sarcoma. Thus, chemotherapy should be used for osteosarcoma, Ewings sarcoma, round cell sarcoma etc. However, non-effective chemotherapy might make the prognosis worse. Therefore, alternative administration of effective chemotherapeutic agents proved by clinical evaluation would be more reasonable than remaining with a certain protocol.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Pentostatin (2'deoxycoformycin) for the treatment of lymphoid neoplasms.

Knowledge of the vital role of adenosine deaminase in lymphatic tissues has led to the development of enzyme inhibitors for treatment of lymphoid neoplasms. Deoxycoformycin is a potent ADA inhibitor and has been shown to be active in acute lymphoblastic leukemia at high doses but associated with unpredictable toxicity. In indolent lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoma with low ADA concentrations, this drug is effective at low doses with mild toxicity. The on-going EORTC trial shows that pentostatin is highly effective in hairy cell leukemia and can achieve durable complete remissions even if interferon alpha has failed. It will probably play an important role in the treatment of prolymphocytic leukemia, T- and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Sézary syndrome.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1976

Morbidity and mortality among recipients of blood from preleukemic and prelymphomatous donors.

The present investigation was designed to test the admittedly speculative hypothesis that a factor involved in the etiology of human lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms may be transmitted by blood transfusion prior to the clinical onset of illness in the donor. One hundred and five New York State residents, who received blood from donors who subsequently developed neoplasms of the lymphatic or hematopoietic tissues, were identified and followed for an average period of 7.05 years. No recipient was found to have developed a leukemia or lymphoma following receipt of blood from a preleukemic or prelymphomatous donor. The results of this study should be considered priliminary because the small size of the recipient group might mask even a large increase in risk among the recipients.

Adult↗