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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Menu planning in the Nutrition Program for the Elderly. Modified Nutrient Standard Menu method.

A nutrient standard menu (NSM) planning method was developed for use in planning menus which provided one-third the Recommended Dietary Allowances for persons sixty years of age or older for nine indicator nutrients and calories, while restricting fat to less than 40 per cent of total calories. To eliminate manual calculations and make it easy for individuals untrained in dietetics or nutrition to use NSM planning, the nutrient composition of over a thousand commonly used menu items was listed in a menu planning manual in nutrient units which were one-tenth of the nutrient standard for the meal. Menus from third-party sources were monitored by selecting similar nutritionally analyzed menu items in the manual and adjusting the nutrient composition to conform to the portions actually served. Ten site managers of the Administration on Aging (AoA) evaluated the planning/monitoring method. The members of the group, on the average, were fifty-six years of age, had 1.6 years of education beyond high school, and had 4.6 years of foodservice experience. Approximately 83 per cent of the evaluators did not plan to monitor menus at their sites and had no formal training in dietetics or nutrition. Eighty-four per cent were able to plan menus satisfactorily after this brief introduction. The younger evaluators with more education grasped the concepts faster and were able to plan menus with greater accuracy. The data also indicated that previous experience in menu planning enhanced their ability to plan NSMs. Most felt the approach to be workable and applicable. Menu monitoring was more difficult for the evaluators. Seventy-five per cent were able to monitor menus satisfactorily, and all felt they could do so with more time. The data again showed that the younger individuals having more formal education were able to master the monitoring skills more easily.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Community health aide. Critical estimation of his task within the nutrition program].

Community Health Aides (CHA), locally recruited and trained, visit households and identify malnourished children by means of weighing them in monthly intervals, recording the results on "Gomez" weight-for-age charts. The CHA acts as the people's nearest adviser. In order to become a useful if not the most important member of the health team, some common mistakes and distorted views should be corrected early in her career. The weight-for-age chart is an invaluable tool to record the child's state of health. It is the trend in weight gain that is relevant and not an isolated weight point on the graph. Maternal, perinatal and neonatal histories should be taken as they help to classify the low weight child. 3/4 of the children in the Young Child Nutrition Programme (YCNP) are underweight but also underheight for age. The designation of malnutrition grade I/II/III is misleading. Either one speaks of "undernutrition" if one considers weight-for-age only or one takes other anthropometric measurements such as the height or length in order to classify Protein-Energy-Malnutrition. A physical examination and clinical records are essential in the evaluation of malnutrition - one should not rely on the graph only. By measuring the height of children, one may well be surprised to discover that many children in St. James are on the obese side. Obesity is another form of malnutrition prevalent in the wealthy societies of western industrialized countries. It is paradox that we should increase the number of obese people in a world which is threatened by shortage of food energies and proteins.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating community-based nutrition programs: assessing the reliability of a survey of grocery store product displays.

A pilot test of a survey of grocery store product displays was conducted to measure the amount of health-education information provided and the proportion of the display devoted to "healthier" products. Inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.73 and 0.78 for the healthiness indices and between 0.30 and 0.67 for the health education measures. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.44 to 1.0.

Food Labeling↗
PubMed1991

Productivity in nutrition programs for the elderly that utilize an assembly-serve production system.

Observations of labor activities of workers performing foodservice functions were made in eight senior centers at 5-minute intervals for 3 consecutive days. On-site preparation was limited to rethermalization of frozen entrees and portioning of bulk-delivered items. Time spent was assigned or allocated to either congregate or home-delivered meal service on the basis of number of meals served. Time in each component of direct work, indirect work, and delay was divided by meals served to provide the productivity ratio, labor minutes per meal. Comparisons were also made on the basis of number of meals served. An average of 12.78 minutes per meal was used to serve congregate meals and 21.05 minutes per meal for home-delivered meals. Two of the eight centers differed significantly in time used for direct work and total work to serve congregate-meal participants. There was no difference between centers in time used to serve homebound clients. The number of meals served did not influence productivity for either meal service site. These findings establish baseline data for the amount of time needed in one production system to serve meals to center participants and homebound clients. Managers of senior centers can use information about this food production and delivery system to make decisions about the most cost-effective method to provide meals.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Nutritional needs assessment of rural agricultural migrants of southern Brazil: designing, implementing and evaluating a nutrition education program.

A nutritional needs assessment was conducted among rural agricultural migrant women (target group) and children (less than 5 years). The study was conducted in Vila Diogo, a slum located on the periphery of Nuporanga, a village in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. A nutrition education program was designed on the basis of evidence obtained from demographic/socioeconomic information of the study population and a nutritional needs assessment of women (target group) and children less than 5 years of age. The nutritional needs assessment consisted of anthropometry, dietary assessment, and nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs questionnaires. Formative and summative evaluation of the nutrition education program, using appropriately selected criteria and comparisons of nutrition knowledge scores before and after the program, were used to determine program effectiveness. Major findings of the study were: Diets of Vila Diogo residents were generally simplistic, consisting primarily of rice, beans, and coffee with sugar. Vila Diogo women appeared to be at a relatively high risk for vitamin A, iron, calcium, ascorbic, and riboflavin deficiencies, based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations. Children (2-5 years) appeared at high risk for vitamin A, iron, and ascorbic acid deficiencies, based on comparisons of 24-hour dietary intake data with FAO recommendations. All children less than 5 years of age had been breast-fed at birth, but more than one half of children had been weaned by the third month. Infant feeding practices during fever and diarrhea were nutritionally detrimental. Women generally recognized a relationship between dietary intake during pregnancy and fetal nourishment. Using weight-for-height index, a significant number of women were probably undernourished; a small percentage of women, however, were overweight or obese. Although children less than 5 years of age did not generally appear malnourished, a relatively large number were stunted in growth. Although Vila Diogo women reported many food taboos during various physiological states (menstruation, pregnancy, immediately post partum, lactation), relatively few food taboos had potentially negative nutritional consequences. For women who participated in the nutrition education program, nutrition knowledge scores after the program showed improvement which was statistically significant at alpha = 0.05, using Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Brazil↗
PubMed1978

Influence of a nutrition education program (EFNEP) on infant nutrition in East Harlem.

An assessment of the effectiveness of aides working in the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) to improve the nutritional status of infants was conducted with a group of 118 infants attending a well-baby clinic in a low-income area of New York City. In addition to clinic care, the fifty-seven study infants received home visits from a nutrition aide whose role was to reinforce nutritional advice received at the clinic. The sixty-one control infants received only regular clinic care. The benefits of having an aide were suggested by three observations: Reduction in the practice of introducing whole cow's milk to young infants, familiarizing older infants with a variety of foods, and reducing the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia. Few of the differences between study and control infants achieved statistical significance, although trends consistently indicated that the presence of aides was beneficial. The problems of assessing the effectiveness of nutrition education programs with healthy infants are discussed.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1990

Pawtucket Heart Health Program point-of-purchase nutrition education program in supermarkets.

Point-of-purchase nutrition education in supermarkets is one intervention strategy of the Pawtucket Heart Health Program, a community cardiovascular disease prevention program in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Using consumer intercept interviews, awareness of shelf labels and their effect on purchase behavior have been continuously evaluated. Between 1984 and 1988, the percent of shoppers who could identify correct labels increased from 11 percent to 24 percent (95% confidence intervals of difference: 7.17). The percent who reported they were encouraged to purchase the identified foods increased from 36 percent to 54 percent (95% CI of difference: 5.41).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The Comprehensive Nutrition Action Program in Arizona.

Through the Comprehensive Nutrition Action Program for Arizona (funded by the Nutrition Program, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta), a nutrition care delivery system was developed. Four sub-systems-screening, referral, monitoring, and the development of community nutrition workers--allowed for the identification of problems, intervention, utilization of other agencies, and expansion of manpower with community nutrition/health workers. Improvement in nutritional status was demonstrated by this program. As a result, it has been expanded.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The pregnant adolescent. A review of nutritional research and programs.

Avialable nutritional research on pregnant adolescents shows that suboptimal food intake is common. Multiple social, psychologic, and economic problems may mitigate against attainment of adequate nutritional status. Use of supplements will raise the level of some nutrients, but in reported studies, their use by girls was erratic, and routine use is not favored by many practitioners. Results of nutritional counseling are mixed. Multidisciplinary programs, usually providing comprehensive prenatal care while enabling girls to continue their education, have been instituted in many areas, reflecting a changed attiude of school officials toward the pregnant adolescent. Most of these programs include the nutrition classes, counseling, or services valuable to mother and child; however, they do not reach all pregnant adolescents and are not a panacea guaranteeing adequate nutrition for them. More research and a national policy to provide optimal nutrition for all pregnant women, including the adolescent, are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association of prenatal nutrition and educational services with low birth weight rates in a Florida program.

Nutrition services and education, provided as components of normal prenatal care, have a key role in preventing preterm delivery and low birth weight (LBW). To determine the influence of these components on a woman's risk of having a LBW infant, the authors examined groups of patients who were receiving the services. Bivariate analyses were made of 9,024 prenatal charts of single births. Most women received nutrition education, prescriptions for nutrient supplements, screenings for anemia, and dietary assessments. A greater proportion of the women at high risk received the interventions than did women at lower risk. The presence of educational components and assays for anemia were associated with a lower risk of a LBW delivery in the total group and in the high risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Biennial survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs.

This is the third survey of physician clinical nutrition training programs. Current training programs were identified, descriptive information obtained, and training program content was compared with that recommended at the 1984 Conference on Clinical Nutrition Training. In general, goals as to the quantity of research, clinical, and teaching training are being met. Virtually all programs provide training in nutritional support activities. Most training programs are not as broad in scope of exposure to the less clinical aspects of nutrition nor to all the illness and age groups recommended by the 1984 conference. Consideration of broadening the scope of physician training programs or redefinition of training guidelines is warranted. A program-certifying agency may be helpful in identifying programs achieving certain minimal standards.

Curriculum↗