PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “OCCUPATION AND PROFESSIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Occupational science: academic innovation in the service of occupational therapy's future.

Occupational science is a new scientific discipline that is defined as the systematic study of the human as an occupational being. A doctoral program in occupational science has been established at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. With its emphasis on the provision of a multidimensional description of the substrates, form, function, meaning, and sociocultural and historical contexts of occupation, occupational science emphasizes the ability of humans throughout the life span to actively pursue and orchestrate occupations. In this paper, occupational science is described, defined, and distinguished from other social sciences. A general systems model is presented as a heuristic to explain occupation and organize knowledge in occupational science. The development of occupational science offers several key benefits to the profession of occupational therapy, including (a) fulfillment of the demand for doctoral-level faculty members in colleges and universities; (b) the generation of needed basic science research; and (c) the justification for and potential enhancement of practice.

Education↗
PubMed1992

Opening feminist histories of occupational therapy.

This paper frames the history of occupational therapy in feminist terms. It focuses on gender segregation in occupational therapy, the influence of class and race in shaping opportunities for occupational therapists, and the place of feminism in the goals and achievements of the occupational therapy profession. Such issues have been addressed by feminist scholars in histories of women in medicine, nursing, and other helping professions. These sources help place the achievements of occupational therapy within the context of women's historic entry and advancement in the American work force.

Female↗
PubMed1998

The value of occupation as the core of treatment: Sandy's experience.

Since 1917, when the occupational therapy profession was first established, the therapeutic value of occupation has been questioned, researched, valorized, and even trivialized. This article discusses one typical occupation-centered treatment, namely a community outing, the shopping spree. The purpose is to articulate the value of occupation-centered intervention and particularly (a) its importance for building rapport between patient and therapist so that genuinely meaningful treatment can be carried out; (b) its role in providing opportunities for patients to imagine futures through felt meanings and future images; and (c) its integrative qualities with respect to identities and performance components.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Coping with occupational stresses in health professions].

A model of coping with job stressors is presented, whereby the mediating effect of coping always is goal directed. There exists a variety of stressors in health professions which call for flexible adaptation. Results of studies by this author on coping with job stressors in nursing and dentists are presented. Coping strategies of nurses are not always optimal: in factor analysis coping by will and problem solving was followed by social support; less favourable is diversion and compensation by consumption, fatalistic-depressed withdrawal or aggressive acting out. Religions support seems to be especially helpful in a subgroup. Job satisfaction remains high (80% satisfied), with progressive satisfaction going with little stress values, but poor satisfaction with high stress. In the coping process of doctors and dentists there is a better correspondence between stressors and coping strategies. Quite in contrast to the rich literature on stressors there are few studies on coping of healthcare professionals, so that it is difficult to derive general conclusions. Nevertheless, based on qualitative analysis (repertory grid by Kelly) certain typical patterns were elaborated like "manager; denier; pleaser; problem seeker". Finally intervention strategies to improve coping of health professionals are reviewed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

Occupational stress within the paramedic profession: an initial report of stress levels compared to hospital employees.

We report a study of occupational stress in 374 paramedics. Results indicate that this profession experiences a high degree of job-related stress relative to other medical personnel. In a component analysis of this stress the results show that job stress manifests itself as job dissatisfaction, organizational stress, and negative patient attitudes, but not as frequently as somatic distress.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of an occupationally embedded exercise on bilaterally assisted supination in persons with hemiplegia.

OBJECTIVES: Occupationally embedded exercise is a central idea in the profession of occupational therapy. This experiment compared the effect of an occupationally embedded exercise involving a simple dice game with a rote exercise in persons with stroke with pronator spasticity. Both exercise conditions involved bilaterally assisted supination, consistent with the neurodevelopmental model of practice. METHODS: The sample consisted of 14 men and 12 women post-cerebrovascular accident with a mean age of 68.4 years (SD = 11.2) at six clinical sites in California, Texas, and Michigan. Subjects had pronator spasticity, full passive range for supination after a brief warm-up, and no functional supination. After random assignment for experimental condition, the subjects engaged in two sets of 10 repetitions of bilaterally assisted supination in either the occupationally embedded condition (dice game) or the rote condition (no game). A pen recorder electronically documented degrees of rotation of the handle that was grasped during the exercise. RESULTS: The occupationally embedded exercise resulted in significantly more handle rotation (requiring more supination) than the rote exercise, t (24) = 2.28, p (one tailed) < .05. The effect size was large. CONCLUSION: This study advances the experimental analysis of therapeutic occupation in the area of occupationally embedded exercise. Clinicians are urged to consider the multidimensional nature of occupationally embedded exercise.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Looking back. Early occupational therapy education in Wisconsin: Elizabeth Upham Davis and Milwaukee-Downer College.

Among the early influences on the profession of occupational therapy were the founding schools and those who helped create them. The Midwest was energized by Elizabeth Upham Davis, who was instrumental in establishing the occupational therapy education program at Milwaukee-Downer College in 1918. This paper relates Mrs. Davis's efforts on behalf of occupational therapy both in the development of the program at Milwaukee-Downer and on a national level during the early years of the profession.

History, 20th Century↗