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PubMed2004

[A study of electric information monitoring in the treatment of bruxism with occlusal splint].

OBJECTIVE: An electric monitor of bruxism had been invented in order to evaluate the curative effect of cuspid occlusal upheaving splint and stabilization splint. METHODS: 20 patients with bruxism were randomly divided into two groups. A cuspid occlusal upheaving splint or a stabilization splint was fabricated respectively for patients. The vertical dimension for each splint was 0.5 mm lower than mandibular postural position. Sleeping time, bruxist time and times of bruxism were recorded with bruxism monitor that was invented for studying bruxing. RESULTS: The bruxist time and the times of bruxism were decreased obviously in patients with cuspid occlusal upheaving splint, while no significant difference was shown before and after using the stabilization splint. CONCLUSIONS: The bruxism monitor can automatically measure and record the data of bruxism with splint, which is valuable for clinic. The curative effect of cuspid occlusal upheaving splint is better than that of stabilization splint for treating bruxism.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Retrospective study on the application of occlusal splints in 312 patients with temporomandibular disorders].

BACKGROUND: Temporo-mandibular disorders are classified into disorders involving TMJ components (articular disk displacement, deviation in form) and masticatory muscle disorders. METHODS: In this study the authors describe their experience of the non-surgical treatment of these pathologies. They review a total of 312 patients suffering from TMJ disorders treated with occlusal splint therapy applied for any TMJ dysfunction. The sample was monitored before and after occlusal therapy with an average follow-up of 30 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results were evaluated by comparing the authors' method of assessment with the parameters put forward by Levitt in 1993. Both methods of evaluation gave comparable results with a percentage of long-term success in excess of 87%.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Body position effects on sternocleidomastoid and masseter EMG pattern activity in patients undergoing occlusal splint therapy.

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of body position on electromyographic (EMG) activity of sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles, in 15 patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction undergoing occlusal splint therapy. EMG activity was recorded by placing surface electrodes on the sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles (contralateral to the habitual sleeping side of each patient). EMG activity at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching was recorded in the following body positions: standing, supine and lateral decubitus. In the sternocleidomastoid muscle significant higher EMG activities at rest and during swallowing were recorded in the lateral decubitus position, whereas during maximal voluntary clenching EMG activity did not change. In the masseter muscle significant higher EMG activity during maximal voluntary clenching in a standing position was observed, whereas EMG activity at rest and during swallowing did not change. The opposite pattern of EMG activity supports the idea that there may exist a differential modulation of the motor neuron pools of the sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles, of peripheral and/or central origin. This suggests that the presence of parafunctional habits and body position could be closely correlated with the clinical symptomatology in these muscles in patients with myogenic craniomandibular dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Therapeutic response of benzodiazepine, orphenadrine citrate and occlusal splint association in TMD pain.

Loss of function, muscle inflammation, and pain are some of the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Pharmacological strategies to minimize the clinical manifestation of these disorders often focus on blocking or inhibiting the pain-causing symptom. Resources such as muscle-relaxants, anxiety-relief drugs, and splint therapy are often used to reduce muscular hyperactivity related to TMD muscle pain. This study compares the effect of a randomly ordered association of occlusal splint therapy (S), nonsteroid anti-inflammatory with a muscle-relaxant drug (orphenadrine citrate) (O), and an anxiety-relief drug (benzodiazepine) (B), to ease painful TMD muscle symptoms. Clinical and anamnestic analyses were recorded in accordance with the Helkimo TMD index and applied before and after treatments. Twenty-one group two Helkimo TMD adult female patients were treated, all of whom were subjected to the three random therapeutic associations proposed: SBO, BOS, and OSB. The same operator applied the three specific associations over a period of 21 days in the proposed sequence, seven days for each therapy. The results show that all the groups presented the best results in terms of relief from pain after the therapeutic association (28.5% showed a decrease and 47.6% showed an absence of symptoms). No significant difference was observed among association therapeutic protocols.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Occlusion splint therapy in patients with craniomandibular disorders (CMD).

The etiology of craniomandibular disorders (CMD) is multi-factorial and the treatment should be selected with recognition of the different factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of occlusion splint therapy (Michigan splint), physical exercises and transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) on CMD symptomatology. At the Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery in Belgrade, in the period from May, 2001-December, 2003, 168 patients were examined by the CMD working group. This group, comprised of different specialties (maxillofacial surgeon, prosthodontist, orthodontist, neurologist, psychiatrist and physiatrician), enabled multidisciplinary treatment of CMD patients according to the guidelines given by American Academy for Craniomandibular Dysfunctions. In all, a total of 30 patients with prevalent muscular tensions among other CMD symptoms were included in this study. The examination form according to Fricton and Shiffman for Craniomandibular Index (CMI) was used in order to evaluate the function of Craniomandibular system before and after therapy.A statistically significant difference (t = 8,735; P < 0,001) between the average values for CMI of patients before (0,2297 +/- 0,0827) and after therapy (0,1002 +/- 0,0479) was observed. Performed treatment resulted in complete response (pain relief and absence of CMD symptoms and signs) in over than 80% of patients and could be considered as a method of choice in reversible occlusal therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The effect of occlusal splint therapy on different curve parameters of axiographic TMJ tracings.

Computerized axiography was used as an objective instrumental method of evaluating the response of patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptomatology to occlusal splint therapy. Diagnosis was performed in a standardized manner by systematically analyzing TMJ path tracings obtained by computerized axiography. Thirty-six patients were axiographed before and after therapy with full-arch occlusal stabilizing appliances, followed by assessing the effect of therapy on various path curve parameters. The data obtained for the patient group treated with splints was compared to that of six patients also axiographed, but left untreated for a period of six weeks before a second TMJ tracing was obtained. The results show that splints have a certain effect on reciprocal TMJ clicking (response rate 67%). Retral stability and path characteristics are also substantially improved (response rates 44% and 40%). Less influence was noted on hypomobile joint paths (response rate 29%), the quality of movements (response rate 28%) and Bennett angle values (response rate 23%). Patients with disk displacements without reduction were not treated with splints, they underwent surgery. Their results will be reported later. By contrast, TMJ tracings in the control group remained essentially unchanged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pressure pain thresholds in patients with craniomandibular disorders before and after treatment with acupuncture and occlusal splint therapy: a controlled clinical study.

Fifty-five patients (46 women and 9 men) with craniomandibular disorders and a history of pain of at least 6 months' duration participated in this trial. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups: one group to receive acupuncture; one group to receive occlusal splint therapy; and one group to act as controls. Pressure pain threshold, clinical dysfunction score, and visual analog scale measures were used to evaluate patients before, immediately after, and 6 months after treatment. A moderate, but statistically significant, correlation was found between pressure pain threshold and the number of tender spots in the masticatory muscles (tau = -.43; P < .001), degree of tenderness in the masticatory muscles (tau = -.43; P < .001), clinical dysfunction score (tau = .32; P < .001), and the visual analog scale (tau = -.25; P < .01). The short-term results showed a statistically significant improvement in all evaluations for both treatment groups. No significant differences were found in the control group. The improvements resulted in significant differences between the control and each treatment group immediately after treatment. At the 6-month follow-up, no significant differences in pressure pain threshold or clinical dysfunction score were found in the two treatment groups compared with the short-term results.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on the cybernetic aspects of occlusal splint therapy].

This study was focussed on the effects of changes in interocclusal clearance on the activity of oral muscles. Two types of occlusal splints were incorporated in 20 subjects without TMJ-syndrome. Their muscle reactions were recorded electromyographically in the masseter muscle. The results show 5 groups of muscle reaction correlated with the mean postural face height. The changed height of the postural position has a significant influence on the control pattern of the masticatory system.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Occlusal splints (MORA) vs. placebos show no difference in strength in symptomatic subjects: double blind/cross-over study.

Many athletes with or without occlusal problems are now using mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliances (MORA) or simply occlusal splints, supposedly to enhance skeletal muscle strength. Recent research to establish these claims has suffered from design inaccuracies. In theory, the MORA reduces temporomandibular stress during clenched jaw efforts. It is suggested that pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature could limit a maximum effort during an athletic endeavour. Eight subjects with TMJ disorders were tested for strength changes in 4 muscle groups with a custom MORA and placebo splint in a tightly controlled double-blind cross-over protocol using a Cybex II dynamometer. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences in strength change between the two splints. Neither were there any trends that would suggest strength benefits from the MORA.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Gastroesophageal reflux diagnosed by occlusal splint tintion.

The gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease is a very frequent digestive disorder, mainly characterised by the reflux of the gastric acidic content to the esophage in abnormal quantities. There are different situations that favour this situation but almost in all of them rely an incompetence of the esophagic sphincter. The clinical consequences are many, including oral manifestations. Among all of them the most frequent is the esophagitis followed by symptoms at the pharynx or larynx and finally, the oral cavity. At this level fundamentally we will find enamel and oral mucosa erosions. We report the case of a patient who was indirectly diagnosed of her esophague disease by the observation of the alterations in the occlusal splint induced by the gastric reflux. We review the literature concerning the above topic and its possible association with the miofascial syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Electrophysiological evaluation of occlusal splint treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction].

Blink reflex time records were obtained from patients with temporomandibular joint disfunction (TMJD), before and after treatment with occlusal splint, since blink reflex time helps to study the trigeminal-facial functional relationship. Results suggest that the impaired sensory-motor function in the trigeminal-facial complex of TMJD patients, may return to normal latency values following such treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Influence of the height of the occlusion splint in the treatment of dysfunctional articular syndrome].

The authors subjected 30 patients of both sexes aged on average 35.5 years with dysfunctional syndrome of the mandibular joint to clinical and X-ray examination. As monotherapy they used a temporary occlusion splint made from resin with a vertical dimension of 2, 4 and 6 mm and investigated its effect on the regression of complaints. The best therapeutic effect and most rapid regression of complaints was recorded in the group of patients with a 6 mm spleen.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of an occlusal splint on integrated electromyography of masseter muscle in experimental tooth clenching in man.

Six male subjects exercised maximal voluntary tooth clenching until fatigue appeared in the masseter muscle and until pains and exhaustion of this muscle could no longer be endured; that is, the fatigue threshold and the pain tolerance of the muscle were determined in seconds. An occlusal splint was inserted and the clenching exercises were repeated. During these exercises, and also during 10s of clenching, the electrical activity in the masseter muscle was recorded by bipolar surface electrodes and linearly integrated. Use of the splint did not result in significant changes in the subjective sensations of onset of fatigue and endurance of pain. As the periods of clenching increased, after insertion of the splint, the electrical activity decreased consistently, and use of the splint caused a significant decrease in the electrical activity of the pain tolerance test. As induced by the splint, there was no orderly pattern in changes of the fatigue thresholds and pain tolerances in relation to changes in the electrical activities of these parameters. The mode of action of the splint, in reducing the muscle activity, might have been that of stretching the elevator jaw muscles beyond their resting length.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Clinical using and observation of occlusion splint of RPD].

PURPOSE: This article describes the design and restoration for 180 cases diagnosed with dentition defect accompanied with medium to severe abrasion and attrition. The purpose of this study is to discuss the rehabilitation of vertical dimension, the balance of occlusion and the whole occlusion system. METHODS: Before clinical preparation of the 180 clinical cases, diagnostic casts were made. Entire restoration treatment plan was adopted to make removable partial dentures with full crown restorations along with occlusion splints. The clinical effect were evaluated at 2nd week, 4th week and 9th week. RESULTS: Of the 180 cases, 148 patients (82.2%) adapted to the denture in 2-3 weeks, 24 patients (13.3%) in 4-5 weeks, 8 patients (14.5%) in 5-6 weeks. The further observation were evaluated over 10-15 years with clinical satisfaction. CONCLUSION: This method not only reserves the tooth structure, but also restores configuration and function of the lost tissues. It's really a constantly effective remedy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of occlusal splints on the EMG activity of masseter and temporal muscles in bruxism with clinical symptoms.

An electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was performed on fifteen bruxism patients with clinical symptoms such as muscle pain, fatigue and tenderness. The slopes of the voltage tension (V/T) curves (calculated as the value of the relative inclination between the integrated electromyogram and the biting force) were compared before and after treatment with an occlusal splint. Following use of the splint, the steep slopes of the V/T curves, common in bruxism, became gentle and similar to those of healthy subjects. The difference found in the slopes of different types of bruxism (grinding, clenching, grinding and clenching) might be useful as a diagnostic tool. Follow-up recording of the slopes was considered to be a useful indicator of treatment effectiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effect of occlusal splints on the electromyographic activities of masseter muscles during maximum clenching in patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome.

Integrated EMG activities of masseter muscles during maximum voluntary isometric contraction with and without full-arch maxillary stabilization splints were observed in patients with MPD syndrome having occlusal interferences and in healthy subjects having no occlusal interferences. The masseter muscle activity was more significantly reduced in patients with MPD syndrome during maximum clenching with splints than in those patients without splints. In healthy subjects, such a significant difference could not be observed with and without splints. This finding suggests that the elimination of the occlusal interferences by means of occlusal splints could reduce the degree of sensory information from the periodontal receptors during nocturnal clenching or grinding. This could result in a decrease in masseter muscle activity giving rise to muscular relaxation.

Action Potentials↗