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PubMed2006

[Idiopathic granulomatous orchitis: pathologic study of one case].

OBJECTIVE: To report one case of idiopathic granulomatous orchitis, an extremely rare disease, in a 76-year-old patient. METHODS/RESULTS: The pathology department received a testicle with the clinical/radiological diagnosis of testicular tumor. The pathologic study showed absence of neoplasias and presence of morphological findings compatible with idiopathic granulomatous orchitis. CONCLUSIONS: The idiopathic granulomatous orchitis is an entity of unknown etiology, clinically or ultrasonographically not distinguishable from testicular neoplasias, the diagnosis of which is made after orchiectomy.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Echo color Doppler findings in postpubertal mumps epididymo-orchitis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe echo color Doppler features of mumps epididymo-orchitis in postpubertal boys and men. METHODS: Color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of the scrotum in 12 patients (14-34 years old) with serologically proven mumps and symptomatic epididymo-orchitis (pain and scrotal swelling) were compared with color Doppler ultrasonographic examinations of the scrotum in 10 healthy control subjects. RESULTS: Clinically evident testicular involvement was bilateral in 1 patient and unilateral in 11 patients (9 left- and 2 right-sided). Four (33.3%) of 12 patients had swelling and a heterogeneous echo texture of the epididymis and hydrocele. Two (16.7%) of 12 patients had swelling of both the epididymis and didymus of the involved side, with a heterogeneous echo texture of the didymus due to hypoechoic, irregularly shaped, confluent intraparenchymal areas. Two (16.7%) of 12 patients had only unilateral mild hydrocele and no testicular abnormalities. In 4 (33.3%) of 12 cases, B-mode ultrasonographic examination did not show any testicular abnormalities or hydrocele. Hydrocele was anechoic in 4 cases and multiseptated in 4. In 12 (100%) of 12 patients, color Doppler and power Doppler ultrasonography showed hypervascularity in the parenchyma of the affected testicle. In 11 patients, spectral Doppler examination of the arteries at the testicular hilum showed a significantly lower mean +/- SD resistive index (0.54 +/- 0.03; range, 0.48-0.57) on the inflamed side compared with the opposite unaffected side (mean, 0.66 +/- 0.04; range, 0.71-0.60) (P < .001). In the patient with bilateral involvement, the mean resistive index values in the right and left testicular arteries were 0.57 and 0.55, respectively. The mean resistive index of the 13 inflamed testicles (0.54 +/- 0.03; range, 0.48-0.57) was significantly different from the mean resistive index values of the right (0.68 +/- 0.03) and left (0.67 +/- 0.04) testicular arteries in healthy control subjects (P < .001). The mean resistive index in the 11 unaffected testicles in our patients (0.66 +/- 0.04; range, 0.71-0.60) was not significantly different from the mean resistive index in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION. Ultrasonographic findings in mumps orchitis are not specific. Echo color Doppler examination is more sensitive than ultrasonography alone for revealing testicular inflammation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Cytophilic activity in experimental immunologic orchitis in guinea pigs.

Classic experimental immunologic orchitis was induced in guinea pigs by injection of homologous testis homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant. Blood samples were obtained periodically for 45 days and the animals were hemicastrated on the 8th day after sensitization. By the 8th day, cytophilic activity was found in the serum simultaneously with several foci or orchitis. Significant levels of this activity were found until day 29, but it was absent in animals sensitized with an unrelated antigen or with complete adjuvant alone. Low and transitory levels were detected in some guinea pigs when antigen was administered with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. It is concluded that cytophilic activity is organ-specific and requires complete Freund's adjuvant. Possible implications in experimental immunologic orchitis are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[Case report: brucellosis complicated by epididymo-orchitis and paravertebral abscess].

Brucellosis which is a zoonotic infection involving many systems, is widespread in Turkey. Although muscular and skeletal system involvements are common, genitourinary system complications (epididymo-orchitis) are observed rarely. Brucellosis accompanied by abscess formation in the vertebra is generally seen in the elderly and patients with chronic diseases, while epididymo-orchitis in young patients. However, it is very unusual to detect these two complications together. In this report, a case of 42 years old male patient with epididymo-orchitis and paravertebral abscess due to brucellosis, has been presented.

Abscess↗

PubMed1989

[Experimental autoimmune orchitis].

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) has been extensively studied in spite of which its pathogenic mechanisms are still poorly understood. It has been mostly induced in guinea pigs using spermatozoa or a testicular homogenate plus adjuvants. Initially, the aim of our work was to establish if non-spermatic antigens, such as extracellular components of the walls of seminiferous tubules, were able to induce an autoimmune orchitis. For this purpose, we obtained from rat testes: a) a preparation rich in basement membranes of seminiferous tubules (STBM) and b) a soluble fraction of STBM, non-related to collagen (D-STBM), presenting common antigenic determinants with laminin, the main non-collagen glycoprotein of basement membranes. Fifty per cent of rats immunized with STBM, D-STBM or a murine laminin, developed a multifocal and moderate damage of the testes characterized by mild interstitial cell infiltrates, alterations of the basement membranes of seminiferous tubules and Sertoli cells, sloughing of the germinal epithelium and tubular atrophy. Circulating antibodies and a specific cellular immune response were also detected. Moreover, rats passively injected with an heterologous anti-D-STBM serum developed a similar testicular lesion and showed Ig deposits on the basement membranes of seminiferous tubules. In relation to the pathogenic mechanisms of EAO, we studied the variations of T and B cell populations, at the immunization draining lymph nodes, during the development of orchitis. A severe EAO was induced in Wistar rats by immunization with an homologous testes homogenate plus adjuvants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A rare case of bilateral granulomatous orchitis].

A rare case of bilateral granulomatous orchitis is presented and the problems of diagnosis and treatment are discussed. There are no relationships between echography and granulomatous orchitis. At present, granulomatous orchitis remains a disease with a difficult etiology treatment.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1979

[Chronic, nonpathogen-related orchitis].

Chronic non-infectious orchitis was found in 8.1% of fertility-patients, who underwent testicular biopsy because of severe disturbances in spermatogenesis. The histopathological findings were characterized by a membraneous and interstitial orchitis. In these cases, the cause of the disease was unknown; but immunological abnormalities were found suggesting an imbalance of cell-mediated immune responses: all cases of chronic non-infectious orchitis showed a significant T-cell-deficiency.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1981

Experimental autoimmune orchitis after neonatal thymectomy in the mouse.

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) developed in (C57Bl/6Cr x A/JCr)F1 mice 3-4 months after neonatal thymectomy (Tx) without any sensitization. The age of Tx was critical for induction of EAO: Tx at day 3 (Tx-3) was effective, but Tx at day 0 or day 7 was not effective. This lesion resulted in atrophy of the testis and was characterized by disappearance of mature sperms, formation of multinuclear giant cells in seminiferous tubules and infiltration of lymphocytes in the stroma. Epididymitis was observed prior to the development of EAO. Presence of circulating autoantibody(s) against sperms (ASA) was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. The acrosomal area of mature sperms, but not of immature spermatids, was strongly. The incidence of EAO and titre of ASA increased when Tx-3 mice were unilaterally vasectomized (Vx). The majority of mice with high titres of circulating ASA were sterile. Epididymitis and orchitis could be prevented in Tx-3 mice by injection of adult spleen cells on day 4. The most effective source was normal male. Spleen cells from normal female donors and day-0 orchidectomized (Orx) donors were less effective, while those of Tx-3 male and female donors failed to prevent epididymis and orchitis. The cell population in normal male spleen effective in preventing epididymitis was shown to be a T cell population (Thy 1+, Ig-) by experiments with respective antisera treatment. These results showed that sensitization with sperm autoantigen occurred in the epididymis after Tx-3, more efficiently after Tx-3 plus unilateral Vx, and that this autosensitization was prevented by a specific suppressor T cell population, which was present in normal males but absent in Tx-3 mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Unilateral orchitis in a bull caused by Brucella abortus biotype1.

A case of Brucella orchitis in a Brahman bull is described. Positive serological titres were detected 1 month before clinical symptoms became obvious, whereas the seminal plasma only contained detectable levels of antibody after the onset of orchitis. It is concluded that serological assays on the seminal plasma alone are inadequate to detect sub-clinically infected animals, and consequently particularly bulls that are intended for use in AI centres should be subjected to a full battery of serological tests as well, before they are certified to be free of brucellosis. The pathology seen in this case was an acute, necrotic orchitis characterized by the presence of numerous granulomas containing the Brucella organisms centrally.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Monocytic orchitis and aspermatogenesis in normal and vasectomized rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

The immunopathologic findings in the testes and kidneys of 25 long-term vasectomized monkeys and of 13 age-matched control animals were compared. Antisperm antibody was found in serum samples from 60% of vasectomized monkeys and in no samples from control animals. Orchitis, aspermatogenesis, or both, resembling allergic orchitis, was noted in 92% of vasectomized animals and in 23% of controls. Epididymitis and epididymal granuloma occurred exclusively in the vasectomized animals (52%). By immunofluorescence, granular deposits of IgA, IgG, and/or C3 in the basal lamina of the ductuli efferentes and the caput epididymidis were detected in 45% of the control monkeys. In vasectomized animals, the incidence of immune deposits increased to 91%, and the deposits became more widespread. Although both vasectomized and control animals had IgM, IgG, or both, in the glomerular mesangial region, C3 was found in vasectomized monkeys only (29%). The results of this study indicate that monocytic infiltrations with aspermatogenesis in association with immune deposits along the excurrent duct normally occur in subhuman primates, and that these changes increase in incidence after vasectomy. Although the testicular disease highly resembles allergic orchitis, an immunologic basis remains to be established.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sympathetic auto-immune orchitis.

There is increasing evidence that, besides the immunization to sperm antigens and other immunological disorders, spontaneous autoimmune orchitis may also be an aetiological factor in male reproductive failure. The present paper describes a case study, where a surgical operation for an inguinal hernia caused an orchitis first in the ipsilateral, and few weeks later also in the contralateral testis and which finally led to an atrophy of both testicles. The time-course, patient's symptoms and especially the final histological picture all indicate that this process had an immunological basis, and therefore it is proposed that it should be called 'auto-immune sympathetic orchitis'.

Adult↗

PubMed1955

Epididymo-orchitis; the significance of the condition in industrial surgery.

Epididymo-orchitis, caused by direct trauma, is an uncommon condition, and the history and symptoms are quite different from those of the considerably more common so-called indirect epididymo-orchitis that is ascribed to trauma or strains, and which in symptomatology and clinical course is much like acute, nonspecific, pyogenic epididymitis. The author is convinced that the indirect trauma of muscular strain or minor injuries does not cause epididymitis; it is probable that slight trauma of that sort merely draws attention to an already existing inflammatory process that has made the scrotal area more sensitive than usual.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

A case of Coxsackie A9 virus infection with orchitis.

A thirteen-year-old boy with bilateral orchitis was diagnosed as being infected by Coxsackie A9 virus by isolation of the virus from a throat swab and a fecal specimen. Serologic investigations revealed the development of transitory specific neutralizing IgM antibodies against the isotate and of persistent antibodies belonging to the other immunoglobulin classes. An etiology of the orchitis by any of the infectious agents usually found with this condition could be excluded.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Genetic susceptibility to the induction of murine experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) without adjuvant. I. Comparison of pathology, delayed type hypersensitivity, and antibody.

In the present study, it was demonstrated that there were marked strain differences in susceptibility to the induction of our new murine model of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO; definite orchitis with hypospermatogenesis) induced by two or three sc injections with viable syngeneic testicular germ cells (TC) without any adjuvants. Among 12 inbred strains of mice examined, the A/J (H-2a), C3H/He (H-2k), and C3H/HeN (H-2k) strains were highly susceptible, whereas the C57BL/6N (H-2b), C57BL/10Sn (H-2b), BALB/cAnN (H-2d), AKR/N (H-2k), CBA/JN (H-2k), C3H/HeJ (H-2k), and MRL/lpr (H-2k) strains were low susceptible, and the DBA/2N (H-2d) as well as C3H/BiKi (H-2k) strains were resistant. In particular, mice of the H-2k haplotype demonstrated varying degrees of susceptibility, from highly to totally resistant, to the induction of EAO. Disease susceptibility to this type of EAO does not seem to be associated with a particular H-2 haplotype. All mice of the highly susceptible strains that received two injections of TC (TC x 2) developed a significant increase in both levels of delayed footpad reaction (DFR) to TC and anti-TC antibodies measured by ELISA. In the low susceptible and the resistant strains receiving TC x 2 or TC x 3, there was no correlation between the immune responses and the susceptibility to disease in these strains, with the exception of the BALB/cAnN mice receiving TC x 3. The low susceptible and the resistant mice that received TC x 2 were classified into four groups based on the DFR and antibody response: the C57BL/6N, BALB/cAnN, CBA/JN, and C3H/HeJ strains were both positive, and the C57BL/10Sn and AKR/N strains were both negative or very low; the DBA/2N and MRL/lpr strains showed negative DFR and positive antibody response, and the C3H/BiKi strain showed quite the opposite. Almost all mice of the 12 inbred strains that received TC x 3 showed positive antibody response, although its level varied. There seems to be no linkage between the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses and the H-2 locus in our new EAO model.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Genetic susceptibility to the induction of murine experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) without adjuvant. II. Analysis on susceptibility to EAO induction using F1 hybrid mice and adoptive transfer system.

In our novel murine model of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) induced by two or three injections of viable syngeneic testicular germ cells (TC) alone, significant differences in susceptibility to the induction of EAO were found, and the disease susceptibility did not seem to be associated with a particular H-2 haplotype. The H-2 identical background disparate (highly susceptible x low susceptible)F1 hybrids, (C3H/He x C3H/HeJ)F1 and (C3H/HeJ x C3H/He)F1 mice, were highly susceptible to the induction of EAO. The H-2 identical background disparate (highly susceptible x resistant)F1 hybrids, (C3H/He x C3H/BiKi)F1 and (C3H/BiKi x C3H/He)F1 mice, were low susceptible to the induction of EAO. Both the H-2 and background disparate (highly susceptible x resistant)F1 hybrids, (C3H/He x DBA/2N)F1 and (DBA/2N x C3H/He)F1 mice, were equally resistant to EAO induction. In the susceptible hybrids, both delayed footpad reaction (DFR) and antibody responses to TC increased. On the other hand, in the resistant hybrids, the levels of anti-TC antibodies were elevated but the DFR to TC remains depressed. This suggests that the antibody production and induction of DFR may be under different genetic controls and that cellular immunity plays an important role in this EAO induction. In order to search for the mechanistic basis for low susceptible C3H/HeJ and resistant C3H/BiKi mice, these mice received orchitis-inducible spleen cells (SPCs) from C3H/He mice. C3H/HeJ mice were highly susceptible to passive EAO. In contrast, disease-resistant C3H/BiKi mice failed to develop passive EAO. In addition, we examined whether or not regulatory cells capable of preventing the disease induction were generated in low susceptible C3H/HeJ and resistant C3H/BiKi mice immunized with TC. Transfer of SPCs from TC-immunized C3H/HeJ and C3H/BiKi mice into C3H/He mice before the EAO challenge had no suppressive effect on subsequent disease induction.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Granulomatous orchitis and spermatic granuloma.

One case of granulomatous orchitis and three cases of spermatic granuloma are described and the clinical and pathologic features of the two syndromes are discussed. Since no certain diagnosis is possible on clinical grounds alone, it rests on the evidence of pathology. Both granulomatous orchitis and spermatic granuloma are of practical importance to the specialists, the first being apt to mimic tumours, and the second to tuberculous epididymitis. Histological study, possibly of biopsy specimens, permits to differentiate either process from malignancy and from tuberculosis with certainty. It is to be emphasized that in many cases of chronic epididymitis with clinical suspicion of tuberculosis careful histological search reveals spermatic granuloma. Since the processes under discussion are unresponsive to antibiotics, their therapy is surgical.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Increased incidence of mumps orchitis in adolescence and adulthood--sequelae of low vaccination rate?].

In recent years, mumps orchitis has become a rarely reported disease. However, since October 1994 a clear increase in the incidence of this disease has been observed. At four hospitals in the Saarland, Germany, 45 cases of mumps orchitis in adolescents and adults were diagnosed in this period. In addition to the case history and clinical findings, the diagnosis was confirmed by an increased IgM titer. None of the patients had been previously vaccinated. The main reason for this was a lack of parental knowledge of the necessity for this vaccination, one which has almost no side effects. The goal of this study is to describe the disease, present our own results, and indicate the need for vaccination. In addition to providing information, a further aim of the study is to increase the motivation of adolescents and adults for vaccination. Although many treatments for mumps have been published in recent years, the most successful therapy is still prophylactic vaccination.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Brucella orchitis: a rare cause of testicular mass: report of a case.

Brucellosis is a multiorgan infectious disease. The genitourinary system is affected in 2-20% of the cases and the most common form is orchitis. Rarely, patients may present with a testicular mass and it must be distinguished from malignant processes. We report brucellar orchitis, a rare cause of testicular mass, in a 22-year-old man. We described the clinicopathological features of this rare entity and reviewed the literature.

Adult↗