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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Renal cell carcinoma in children.

Data from four pediatric hospitals concerning 20 children treated for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from 1964-1978 were reviewed. Median age of the patients (pts) was 11.8 years (range, 14 months-19 years). Twelve were male and eight female; 17 were white and three black. Most patients presented with pain and hematuria with or without a palpable mass. An intrarenal tumor was detected at IV urography (17 pts), arteriography (2 pts), or at surgery (1 pt). Treatment consisted of nephrectomy in 15 pts, renal biopsy (4 pts), or no surgery (1 pt), followed by chemotherapy (5 pts), radiation therapy (1 pt), or both (7 pts). Ten pts died of distant metastases at a median of one year (range, 0.2 to two years) after diagnosis. The other 10 pts (50%) survive free of relapse at a median of 4 years (range, two to ten years) from diagnosis. Proportions surviving free of recurrent disease two or more years by National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) Group were 5/5 in Group I, 3/7 in Group II, 1/3 in Group III, and 1/5 in Group IV; by age at diagnosis, 6/6 in those under 11 years old and 4/14 in those 11 or older; and by type of surgery, 10/15 who had nephrectomy and 0/5 with limited or no surgery. The data indicate that radiation and chemotherapy had only minor if any influences on relapse-free survival. We conclude that (1) RCC in children is similar to its counterpart in adults; (2) RCC has a worse prognosis than Wilms' tumor except for the earliest stage; (3) nephrectomy alone is adequate treatment for Group I RCC, and (4) young age (less than 11 years old) may be prognostically favorable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Renal transplant thrombosis in children.

Data concerning 100 consecutive renal transplantations in children were analyzed to determine factors enhancing the risk of renal transplant thrombosis. The incidence of renal transplant thrombosis was high, at 12%. It is concluded that in addition to young age and low body weight of recipient and young age of the donor, also a high preoperative urine production contributes to the occurrence of thrombosis. Children with hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys are at greater risk for thrombosis. Considering the influence of high urine production of the native kidneys, it may be possible to prevent thrombosis by albumin and ample fluid administration.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Do women's breastfeeding experiences with their first-borns affect whether they breastfeed their subsequent children?

Data on women with at least two children are used to examine how the breastfeeding experience with the first child affects whether subsequent children are breastfed. Our results indicate that women most often repeat with later children the feeding decision they made with their first child. That is, those who breastfed their first child are very likely to breastfeed a later child and those who did not breastfeed their firstborn are unlikely to breastfeed a later-born. Among those who did not breastfeed their first child, education beyond high school increases the likelihood that they will switch to breastfeeding with a later-born. Those who breastfed their first child are less likely to breastfeed a later-born if the first breastfeeding experience was of short duration or was perceived to be unsuccessful or unsatisfactory or if the woman had not gone beyond high school or received anesthesia at the later birth. Hence, educational differences are greater at higher parities than at first parity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Correlations between WISC-R subtests and scales of the Personality Inventory for Children.

Data were collected from files of 129 children who had been administered the WISC-R and whose mothers had completed the Personality Inventory for Children. A prior high correlation between the Somatic Concern scale and WISC-R Third Factor was not replicated, but the cognitive triad of the Personality Inventory for Children correlated -.49 to -.27 with all the WISC-R IQs. Comparing a two-subtest (Arithmetic, Digit Span) Third Factor versus the traditional three-subtest triad produced comparable results, supporting the redefined Third Factor of the WISC-III.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Age-related changes in large joints and long tubular bones of the upper extremity in children (echographic data)].

Two hundred and ten children at the age of 17 days up to 15 years have been examined. Echocameras, working in the grey scale regime have been used. At examination of the arm, forearm, brachial, elbow and radiocarpal joints in the children the most informative are longitudinal echographic approaches. At examination of the brachial bone head in the children older than 10 years only the anterior longitudinal approach is informative. To perform the echographic investigation of various elements of the locomotor apparatus of the upper extremities in children older than 9-10 years is difficult. The echographic reveal of additional nuclei of ossification and synostosis stages of the long tubular bones of the upper extremities in children often coincide in time with roentgenological data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Predictors of side effects associated with lithium administration in children.

Data were pooled from three controlled and double-blind studies of lithium carbonate involving a total of 48 hospitalized children, and secondary data analyses were conducted. The objective was to assess whether there is a relationship between a child's chronological age and side effects associated with lithium administration. Two dependent measures of side effects were investigated: number of side effects per child and number of episodes of side effects per child. The children were diagnosed as having conduct disorder with a profile of severe aggressive and explosive behavior; their ages ranged from 5.08 to 12.92 yrs (mean, 9.23 yrs). For the entire sample of 48 children, the effect of age on side effects was statistically significant (p = .057); younger children had more side effects than older children. This relationship continued to hold after adjustment for weight, serum lithium levels, optimal dose, and duration of optimal dose.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Epidemic of obesity in UK children.

Data from a nationally representative sample of 2630 English children show that the frequency of overweight ranged from 22% at age 6 years to 31% at age 15 years and that of obesity ranged from 10% at age 6 years to 17% at age 15 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Helicobacter pylori serology at diagnosis and follow-up of biopsy-verified infection in children.

Data on the use of Helicobacter pylori serology in children are limited. We studied the serum antibodies of 105 H. pylori-infected children (median age 9.1 y, range 1.5-17.5 y) using an in-house enzyme immunoassay. At diagnosis of the biopsy-verified infection, IgG antibodies to H. pylori were elevated in 98/105 children (93%) but were at a normal level in 7 children, 5 of whom were < 5 y of age. Serum IgA antibodies to H. pylori were elevated in 40/105 children (38%). The levels of IgG and IgA antibody titers to H. pylori correlated with age (p < 0.001 and p < 0.02, respectively). IgG titers were reduced by > or = 50% in 85% (83/98; median follow-up 0.6 y) of children after therapy. In 56 such children eradication was verified by negative histology or urea breath test but I such child showed Helicobacters on histologic examination. Of the 15 children whose IgG titers dropped by < 50%, 7 were considered positive and 4 negative on the basis of histology or urea breath test. In 3 children, IgG titers returned to pretreatment levels 1 y after a 50% drop was seen. Serology is 1 alternative for monitoring H. pylori infection in children, although its sensitivity is lower in very young children. The length of follow-up needed after eradication, however, is unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Vitamin E status of US children.

Data from several national surveys consistently show that American children have lower than recommended intakes of vitamin E, which is reflected in lower than average serum levels. Reduction in dietary fat can further exacerbate the low vitamin E status of children. The consequences of low vitamin E intake may include impaired immune responses, as seen in a study of over 500 Canadian children. Low vitamin E status has been correlated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataract and impaired immune responses in adult populations. Since early signs of chronic degenerative diseases of aging have been seen in autopsies of children, efforts should be made to ensure that prolonged low intakes of vitamin E are avoided in children as well as adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical picture and treatment of Legionella pneumonia in children].

Data on the clinical and laboratory study involving 150 children with the verified diagnosis of pneumonia observed as inpatients within a period from 1984 to 1988 are presented. To elucidate the pneumonia etiology, blood sera to the causative agents of influenza and parainfluenza, adenovirus, RS virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila were assayed. An increase in the number of neutralizing antibodies to L. pneumophila was observed in 17.3 per cent of the patients. The majority of them simultaneously showed positive serological shifts with respect to the respiratory viruses. A specific clinical picture of pneumonia in the patients with the confirmed legionella infection was stated. The description of the treatment results is retrospective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Cognitive and behavioral sequelae of mild head injury in children.

Data from a longitudinal study of 13,000 British children were used to assess the sequelae of mild head injury 1 to 5 years after injury. One hundred fourteen children with parental reports of mild head injury treated with ambulatory care or admission to hospital for one night were compared with 601 children with limb fractures, 605 with lacerations, 136 with burns, and 1726 children without injury. Scores at age 10 were adjusted for intelligence, aggressive and hyperactive behavior at age 5, sex, socioeconomic status, and six other social factors. Children with head injuries were statistically indistinguishable from uninjured children on all outcomes except teacher's report of hyperactivity. After control of hyperactivity at age 5 and the social and personal factors, the head-injured children's mean hyperactivity score was four tenths of a standard deviation above that of the uninjured children. Children with lacerations and burns scored as badly or worse on measures of intelligence, mathematics, reading, and aggression as the children with head injuries. The small magnitude of the hyperactivity association coupled with the overall negative results suggests that mild head injury in school-aged children does not have an adverse effect on global measures of cognition, achievement, and behavior 1 to 5 years after injury.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

[Incidence of neurologic diseases in children].

Data concerning the distribution and the nosological structure of nervous diseases in children aged from one month to 14 years in the town of N. (76 thousand inhabitants, 16,716 children) are presented. Peculiarities of the dynamics of the disease entities with reference to the age, as well as the influence of the sex on the disease entity are shown. Ranging of the distribution data has made it possible to fix the principal rank places for individual disease entities. The data obtained served as basis for calculating the requirements for neurological beds in children's hospitals and other specialized medical institutions for children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Research note: recurrent headaches and stomachaches in preschool children.

Data are presented on headaches and stomachaches in a sample of 189 3-year-old children obtained as part of community based study. These data provide a partial replication of an earlier study on a separate sample of children [Zuckerman, B., Stevenson, J. and Bailey, V. (1987). Stomachaches and headaches in a community sample of preschool children. Pediatrics, 79, 677-682]. The results supported the previous findings of a link between family factors and recurrent stomachache, and a less strong association with headaches. The conclusions reinforce the notion that these two somatic symptoms should be considered separately in preschool children.

Child Development↗
PubMed1994

Trends in caries prevalence in North American children.

Data for caries in the permanent and primary dentitions of children in Mexico, the United States, and Canada are reviewed from the years around 1982 to the present time. Sources are national, state, and provincial surveys, together with a number of smaller, local surveys. Data from minority populations are also reviewed. Conclusions are that caries prevalence and severity in the permanent dentition are continuing to decline in the general populations of Canada and the United States, but that caries experience in the primary dentition may have stabilised since around 1986-87. There is nothing in the limited data available from Mexico to suggest a decline in that country, caries levels remaining high. There are considerable geographic variations in caries experience in the general populations of the United States and Canada; the highest prevalence and severity is found in Quebec. Caries is more prevalent and severe in the indigenous populations of Canada and the United States than in the general population, but there are indications of a decline in the permanent dentitions of those indigenous groups. Caries will probably decline further in the general populations of Canada and the United States before it reaches an irreducible minimum, but that point may not be far away because caries experience is already very low in many localities. It is anticipated that the recent introduction of salt fluoridation in Mexico will help to bring down the high caries levels in that country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical course, treatment and outcome of tuberculous meningitis in children].

Data are given on the follow-up of 108 children between the ages of 6 months and 15 years who had tuberculous meningitis. A basilar form of meningitis was diagnosed in 70.4% of the children and meningo-encephalitic form in 29.6%. In most of the children meningitis developed in the presence of specific changes in the lungs; the course was typical in 74.1% and acute in 25.9%. Superinfection was seen in 64% of the children, late diagnosis and untimely hospitalization of children were noted in 31.5%. A clear relationship was revealed between disappearance of clinical signs and liquor cleansing and hospitalization terms. Treatment currently applied is effective. Cure was seen in 86.1% of the cases in the presence of significant residual changes (in meningoencephalitis) in 13.9%. The disease had a fatal outcome in 13.9% of the cases of late diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Risk factors of the development of destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis in children].

Data are presented on the follow-up of 120 children between the ages of 3 months and 14 years with different forms of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. The factors responsible for the origination of destructive tuberculosis include the absence or improper conduction of BCG vaccination, contact with patients sick with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the moment of detection or primary contamination, the absence of systematic and high-quality tuberculosis diagnosis; childhood infectious diseases, pneumonias, bronchitis, untimely diagnosed poorly and well manifested forms of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children of the risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Child spacing effects: a comparison of institutionalized and normal children.

Data were collected on 52 psychiatrically abnormal and 101 normal children, as part of a study of the effects of sibship constellation variables on intellect, achievement, personality traits, and social adjustment. The two groups are closely equivalent with respect to age, social class (lower and lower-middle) and sibship size. There was a significantly higher percentage of psychiatrically abnormal than normal children having a sibling less than two years older. conversely, the normal children had a significantly higher percentage of widely spaced (to the next older) than did the psychiatrically abnormal children. Unwantedness by parents (especially the mother) may be a factor in increasing the likelihood of learning and behavioral difficulties and other social disarticulation.

Achievement↗