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PubMed2004

Pasteurella multocida infection in heterophil-depleted chickens.

The present study was aimed at elucidating the role of heterophil granulocytes during the initial infection with Pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida in chickens. Chickens (17 and 19 wk old) were depleted of their heterophil granulocytes by 5-fluorouracil treatment. When the heterophil blood counts were significantly reduced, the birds were inoculated intratracheally with 1.8-4.3 x 10(4) colony-forming units of P. multocida. Twelve, 24, or 48 hr postinoculation, the birds were euthanatized and examined for macroscopic and histologic lesions in the lungs. Bacterial invasion was determined by culture of P. multocida from the spleen. Recruitment of heterophils into the respiratory tract during infection was found to contribute considerably to the lung lesions in chickens and was found to mediate tissue damage, possibly allowing a more rapid systemic spread of P. multocida. However, during progression of the infection, the heterophil-mediated necrosis in chickens seemed to stimulate giant cell demarcation of infected lung tissue, which coincided with the clearance of P. multocida from the spleen, thus hampering further invasion. Consequently, heterophil activation plays a dual role for the outcome of a P. multocida infection in chickens, where it initially seems to promote invasion and systemic spread but subsequently helps limit the infection by giant cell formation and bacterial clearance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pasteurella multocida meningitis in infancy. An avoidable infection.

Pasteurella multocida is a common commensal in the upper respiratory tracts of cats and dogs. Infection with P multocida in humans usually follows infected bite wounds; however, infection in humans unrelated to animal bites is rare. We describe two infants with P multocida meningitis in whom infection was probably related to nontraumatic facial licking by household pet dogs. Both patients recovered fully. Although the risk is low, parents should be informed that mucous membrane exposure to household pets may expose an infant to the risk of systemic P multocida infection.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1985

Enteritis caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica infection in hamsters.

Pasteurella pneumotropica was isolated in essentially pure cultures from the bowels of hamsters with enteritis 7 days after parturition. Newly received hamsters showed presence of P. pneumotropica in their nasal cavities but not in their uteri, lungs, spleens, or bowels.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pasteurella haemolytica infections in sheep.

Pasteurella haemolytica causes two distinct disease syndromes in sheep. P. haemolytica biotype A causes septicaemia in young lambs and pneumonia in all ages of sheep. Biotype T produces an acute systemic disease affecting principally the upper alimentary tract and lungs in young sheep. The bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical and necropsy findings of the two diseases are described and the current situation regarding their experimental reproduction and immunology is reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute phase response in calves following infection with Pasteurella haemolytica, Ostertagia ostertagi and endotoxin administration.

The concentrations of bovine acute phase proteins were monitored in plasma following experimental infection with Pasteurella haemolytica and Ostertagia ostertagi and after endotoxin administration. Raised levels of haptoglobin, alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and seromucoid were detected after pasteurella infection and endotoxin administration. Ceruloplasmin levels increased after endotoxin administration but not during pasteurella infection. Raised levels of the four acute phase proteins were found in eight of 19 calves infected with ostertagia but showed a variable pattern and did not correlate with plasma pepsinogen increases. Bovine alpha 1 antichymotrypsin and alpha 2 macroglobulin were identified as acute phase reactants.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1995

First case of human infection caused by Pasteurella gallinarum causing infective endocarditis in an adolescent 10 years after surgical correction for truncus arteriosus.

OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of human infection (infective endocarditis [IE]) caused by Pasteurella gallinarum and to review the literature regarding IE caused by the genus Pasteurella. SETTING: University hospital based. PATIENT: An adolescent boy who underwent successful correction for truncus arteriosus 10 years before the present illness. RESULTS: Persistent fever, pallor, and a palpable spleen suggested IE clinically. Echocardiography documented vegetation in the conduit that was used for surgical correction. Blood cultures grew P. gallinarum and confirmed its role as the causative organism for IE in the patient. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that IE may develop in a child with congenital heart disease several years after surgical intervention using material that is foreign to the body (conduit), and that such a complication may involve unusual pathogens. These observations emphasize the need for careful long-term follow-up of children with congenital heart disease even after successful surgical correction.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1998

In vivo production of neuraminidase by Pasteurella haemolytica in market stressed cattle after natural infection.

Pasteurella haemolytica (Ph) is the most important cause of the bovine acute fibrinohemorrhagic pneumonia that occurs in market stressed calves after shipment to feedyards. Recent characterization of neuraminidase production by these organisms has shown that all 16 serotypes produce an immunologically similar form of the enzyme. Anti-neuraminidase antibody against PhA1 and PhA6 was determined in 101 2- to 5-month-old calves, on their farms of origin, at the order buyer barn (OBB), and through 28 days in the feedyard. Half of the calves were vaccinated with a killed Ph serotype-A1 (PhA1) product. Nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens were cultured for Ph and Pasteurella multocida (Pm). Serum antibody against PhA1 and PhA6 was measured by indirect hemagglutination (IHA), and anti-neuraminidase antibody was determined by the neutralization assay. At the feedyard, 73 calves had respiratory tract disease. IHA values ranged between 1:2 and 1:1024 for PhA1 and between 1:2 and 1:512 for Ph serotype A6 (PhA6). Forty-two, 24, and 28% of the calves were infected with PhA1, PhA6, and Pm, respectively. Ninety-six percent of the calves experienced an increase in anti-PhA1 neuraminidase antibody when sera drawn on feedyard day 28 were compared with sera drawn on the farm. These data demonstrate that the enzyme neuraminidase is produced in vivo in market stressed cattle after a natural Ph infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis infection in man.

Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis has been considered a widespread animal pathogen for many years, but only within the last decade has its capacity to cause human disease been recognized. Two forms of human disease have been established-acute septicemia and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Because mesenteric adenitis is frequently indistinguishable from acute appendicitis, blood serum was obtained from 66 consecutive patients who underwent operation for appendicitis and was examined for agglutinins to seven serotype strains of P. pseudotuberculosis. Agglutinins were obtained in 21.2% of this series. Titres of over 1/100 were found in three of three cases of mesenteric lymphadenitis, one of 11 with no apparent disease, and one of 46 with appendicitis. P. pseudotuberculosis was isolated from a lymph node in the latter case. Two to four follow-up samples of sera in each of these five cases had increasing and then decreasing titres, indicative of active disease. Titres of 1/15 or less were found in five of the cases of appendicitis, in one case of salpingitis, and in three with no apparent disease. The occurrence of these nine cases with low titres may be indicative of previous contact with the organism.Human infection with P. pseudotuberculosis is not unusual in the Edmonton region and is responsible for at least some cases of mesenteric lymphadenitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[A case of Pasteurella multocida infection in bronchiectasis].

Pasteurella multocide (P. multocida), a small gram-negative bacillus, has been known to be the causative agent of hemorrhagic septicemia in animals. P. multocida infection in human was reported as skin abscess and/or septicemia after an animal bit or scratch. Pulmonary infections of P. multocida have been developed in the patients with chronic pulmonary diseases such as bronchiectasis. In Japan, however, P. multocida respiratory tract infections are rare. In this report, a 80-year-old female with bronchiectasis was admitted on August, 1985. She had a productive cough, hemosputum, and a low grade fever. The chest X-P on admission showed an atelectasis of the left middle lobe and severe bronchiectatic changes of the left lower lobe. P. multocida was isolated from her sputa. The chemotherapy of CTM resulted in clinical improvement. On May 1988, she complained of a productive cough and a low grade fever again. P. multocida was isolated from the sputum on several occasions in significant numbers (1 x 10(8)/ml). Recently, the cases of the chronic respiratory diseases have been increasing. We think, P. multocida is important and should be considered as a pathogen in the care of chronic pulmonary diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Mechanisms of acquired resistance to Pasteurella multocida infection: a review.

Pasteurella multocida is an animal parasite of considerable economic and veterinary importance. The organism produces both capsular polysaccharide and somatic (lipopolysaccharide) antigens used to serotype the organisms. Correlations exist between antigenic structure, host susceptibility and strain virulence. The host response seems to be predominantly polymorphonuclear in nature, with little evidence of a mononuclear component in the host response to infection. In the absence of specific opsonins, phagocytosis rates are very slow, the organisms multiplying freely in an essentially extracellular environment. Passive transfer studies indicate that acquired resistance is humorally modiated, presumably by promoting phagocytosis withing the peritoneal cavity. There is, however, no sign of early increased local bactericidal action within the peritoneal cavity; protection seems rather to be due to an inhibition of the rapid spread by the organisms to the bloodstream and other reticuloendothelial organs. Viable attenuated oral vaccines are effective for chicken and turkey poults, both experimentally and under field conditions. The nature of the protective immunoglobulins and their mode of action against an orally induced infection has not been widely examined as yet. Effective protection can be achieved in birds, cattle and experimental animals with a variety of killed vaccines (especially when presented in a suitable adjuvant). The lack of quantitative growth data in suitably vaccinated animals and the absence of definitive studies of the bactericidal mechanisms involved in the expression of this acquired resistance continue to limit our present understanding of defense against this important animal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pasteurella multocida infection in the chicken embryo.

Pasteurella multocida infection in embryonated chicken eggs was studied by chorio-allantoic membrane inoculation. Strain differences were demonstrated in terms of lesion severity and time to death, especially during the first 24 h post-inoculation. A strain of low virulence gave a clear dose response but more virulent strains did not. Comparable results were obtained by infecting 6-week-old chickens. The main lesions in inoculated embryos appeared as severe vascular involvement of the entire embryo and feather tracts, thickening of the chorio-allantoic membrane, and enlargement and congestion of the yolk sac. The bacteria were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, either extracellularly or multiplying intracellularly in hepatocytes, heart tissue, and in the hyperplastic layer of the chorio-allantoic membrane, with resulting damage to the cellular organelles, and severe tissue changes.

Allantois↗
PubMed2005

Gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in tracheobronchial lavage fluid obtained from calves with concurrent infections of Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma bovirhinis.

OBJECTIVE: To study gelatinolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tracheobronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) obtained from clinically normal calves and calves with Pasteurella multocida infection. SAMPLE POPULATION: Samples of TBLF obtained from 11 calves with clinical signs of respiratory tract disease and growth of P multocida and Mycoplasma spp during culture of TBLF and samples of TBLF from 6 clinically normal calves with no bacterial growth during culture of TBLF. PROCEDURE: MMPs in TBLF were analyzed by use of gelatin zymography. Gelatinases were identified on the basis of molecular weights and inhibition by EDTA. RESULTS: The main gelatinolytic MMPs detected were the proform (90 to 110 kd) and active form (75 to 85 kd) of MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and the proform (67 to 75 kd) and active form (< 65 kd) of MMP-2 (gelatinase A). Increased amounts of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected in TBLF of calves with respiratory tract disease, compared with amounts of active MMP-2 and MMP-9 in TBLF of clinically normal calves. Concurrent infection with Mycoplasma bovirhinis in calves with pneumonia attributable to P multocida was associated with higher concentrations of MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The host response to P multocida includes increases in MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations in TBLF. Greater amounts of MMPs detected in calves with concurrent M bovirhinis and P multocida infection indicates synergism between these organisms.

Animals↗