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PubMed1968

Possible mechanisms of action of an anti-Pasteurella pestis factor.

Anti-Pasteurella pestis factor (APF) inhibited bacterial growth, but there was no evidence that APF from either mouse or guinea pig or selected fatty acids physically disrupted the cell wall. The fatty acids selected were representative of those found in APF. APF inhibited oxidation of beta-d-glucose but not oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate, whereas fatty acids inhibited the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate but not oxidation of beta-d-glucose. The oxidation of 6-phosphogluconic acid was inhibited by both APF and free fatty acids. Furthermore, APF and potassium laurate inhibited 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase in a cell-free extract of P. pestis strain E.V. 76. No evidence of beta-d-glucose or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases was found in the cell-free extract. The results suggested that APF and fatty acids may kill P. pestis by inactivating 6-phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase. The effects of these agents on other enzyme systems were not excluded.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1964

THE IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF TWO MOUSE-TOXIC PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN EXTRACTS FROM PASTEURELLA PESTIS.

The toxin activity of Pasteurella pestis cells, strain "Tjiwidej," was found to be associated with two proteins. Using a disc electrophoresis technique in conjunction with mouse lethality, two toxic proteins were isolated exhibiting intraperitoneal LD(50)'s of less than 1.0 to 1.5 microg protein. Each produced a single characteristic precipitin band on agar gel diffusion plates. The slower migrating toxin in gel diffusion or disc electrophoresis was designated as toxin A. It was shown to be sensitive to deoxycholate and digitonin, did not accumulate in 5-fluorotryptophan treated cells, and was associated with the membrane fraction of the cell. The faster migrating toxin B, apparently is resistant to surface-active agents, and is not affected by treatment of cells with 5-fluorotryptophan. Toxin B is associated with the soluble or cytoplasmic fraction of the cell. This evidence suggested that each toxin represented a distinctly different molecular species. The possibility is discussed that toxin B is synonymous with the murine toxin previously isolated by paper curtain electrophoresis which revealed only one antigen band in the Oudin precipitin reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Pesticinogeny: a characteristic useful for presumptive identification and isolation of Pasteurella pestis.

Current methods of identifying Pasteurella pestis rely heavily on tests specific for detecting fraction I, the envelope antigen. Pesticin I, a bacteriocin inhibitory for P. pseudotuberculosis, has been demonstrated in nearly all tested strains isolated from human infections. The results of using this characteristic as an identifying trait for P. pestis were compared with results reported for detecting fraction I by fluorescent-antibody and antiserum-agar techniques. Data indicate that, although certain atypical strains of P. pestis fail to react in one system or the other, a combination of these tests provides positive identification in all cases. Detection of P. pestis in contaminated materials is greatly facilitated, and the simplicity of this test makes it a valuable tool in the study of plague infections and an important adjunct to methods currently in use. The use of the pesticin I assay is not intended to replace other accepted techniques, but rather to supplement them and increase the effectiveness of plague investigation.

Agar↗
PubMed1962

Genotypic alterations associated with avirulence in streptomycin-resistant Pasteurella pestis.

Brubaker, Robert R. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and Michael J. Surgalla. Genotypic alterations associated with avirulence in streptomycin-resistant Pasteurella pestis. J. Bacteriol. 84:615-624. 1962.-Avirulence in Pasteurella pestis, as indicated by the existence of a new genotype, was associated with the genetic loss of Ca(++) dependence rather than with the usual concomitant loss of ability to produce virulence antigens. Strains of the new type exhibited all four of the known virulence factors of P. pestis but were avirulent for mice and guinea pigs (ld(50) > 10(8) cells). In addition to producing virulence antigens, the new strains formed rough colonies at 37 C when grown on Ca(++)-deficient medium, as opposed to typical avirulent strains which formed smooth colonies on this medium and failed to produce virulence antigens. Growth of the new strains in a corresponding Ca(++)-deficient broth medium was slow, as compared with that of typical avirulent strains, but was more rapid than that of virulent strains. The new strains were obtained (i) at 26 C by selecting for resistance to streptomycin or (ii) at 37 C by isolation from rough colonies growing on a Ca(++)-deficient agar medium plated with either a virulent streptomycin-sensitive or -resistant culture. Usually, isolates obtained at 26 C exhibited a marked reduction in ability to form colonies upon primary plating at 37 C. Of 108 streptomycin-resistant isolates obtained from six virulent strains, 20% were of the new type. In addition, five isolates were of reduced virulence (mouse ld(50) approximately 10(4) cells) but differed in being Ca(++)-dependent; they possessed all of the known virulence properties. Certain streptomycin-resistant strains failed to give rise to avirulent colonies when plated on a Ca(++)-deficient agar medium containing streptomycin. The significance of this phenomenon, which was not exhibited by the five strains of reduced virulence, is discussed, as are some apparent differences between isolates from a glycerol-fermenting strain and similar isolates obtained from five nonglycerol-fermenting strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

BACTERIOPHAGE COMMON TO PASTEURELLA PESTIS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Hertman, I. (Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel). Bacteriophage common to Pasteurella pestis and Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 88:1002-1005. 1964.-Phage Y of Pasteurella pestis and phage T(3) of Escherichia coli are serologically related and have common bacterial hosts. Anti-Y serum neutralizes the homologous phage and phage T(3) to a similar extent. Anti-Y serum, absorbed with T(3), still neutralizes the activity of phage Y for P. pestis, but not the activity for E. coli B/r. A mutant of phage Y was isolated from turbid plaques formed on P. pestis at 27 C. This mutant infected P. pestis only if this organism had been grown at 27 C; it lost its infectivity towards E. coli B/r and was not neutralized by anti-T(3) serum. From this phage, additional mutants were isolated on P. pestis, some of which were infective for both P. pestis and E. coli B/r and some of which remained infective for P. pestis only. The reacquired infectivity for E. coli B/r was neutralized by anti-T(3) serum. The name T(3)P is suggested for phage Y.

Bacteriophages↗