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PubMed1995

Pediculosis and scabies. What to look for in patients who are crawling with clues.

Lice and mites are highly contagious obligate parasites of humans and are spread by close, direct contact. Head, body, and pubic lice produce severely pruritic eruptions in their respective locations. Diagnosis is readily made by finding lice or nits on hair shafts, except in the case of body lice, which are found on the seams of clothing. Scabies often presents as a more generalized pruritic rash. Diagnosis is confirmed by finding the mite in a characteristic skin burrow. Crusted (Norwegian) scabies, a rare variant consisting of infestation by thousands of mites, occurs in patients with neurologic or immunodeficiency disorders. Secondary bacterial infections and eczematous changes may complicate both pediculosis and scabies. Infestations are easily treated with use of an appropriate pediculicide or scabicide and environmental-control measures.

Humans↗

PubMed1994

[Scalp pediculosis and its treatment: bioclinical trials of different pediculicides and repellents in Antananarivo].

After a recall of different existing kinds of louse, pediculicides and their mode of action, the authors report the bio-clinical trials they carried out in Antananarivo using different associations and galenic forms of medicines. The objectives of these studies on the treatment of scalp pediculosis is either the development of efficient insecticides or the application for the official permit of sale.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Treatment of pediculosis capitis in children with permethrin 1% shampoo or lotion].

A clinical and entomological trial was carried out in 88 head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) infested children treated with a single dose of 1% permethrin shampoo or lotion. The sex distribution was 47 males an 41 females with ages ranging between 5 and 14 year olds. In order to assess the efficiency of treatments, search for adult forms, nymphs and eggs (nits) of the parasite was performed in each of the children, before and after treatment (30 minutes, 7 days and 21 days). The entomological evaluations consisted in stereoscopic and microscopic examinations of a mean of 12 hair samples taken from the retroauricular and occipital regions of each of the children, the biological condition of eggs, viable (immature, mature), dead and empty, was recorded. The cure rates--both clinical and entomological--obtained were 91.5% for shampoo and 95.2% for lotion. No adverse reactions with the two formulations used were reported. In conclusion, 1% permethrin shampoo or lotion in an effective and safe treatment for pediculosis capitis.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1994

Occurrence of pediculosis capitis in a population of children from Gdańsk, Sopot, Gdynia and the vicinities.

Elementary schools in Gdańsk, Sopot, Gdynia and the neighbourhood, were studied during 1990-1992 to determine the actual extent of head louse infestation in school children as well as to see if there was correlation between incidence of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) and some environmental factors as: the sex and the age of a child, the parents education, family situation and living condition of a child etc.--In the examined sample of normal population of 27,800 school children (aged 6-15 years) 881 (3.2%) pupils were infested with head lice, with the incidence being higher in girls. As many as 382 cases (1.3%) were qualified as a focal type, i.e. with stubborn, repeated reinfestations after following treatments. In the group with focal pediculosis 48.9% and 79.4% of children originated from the families of 4 or more children and from the families where parents had only elementary or trade education. Later, over 50% (53.3-56.6%) of village elementary school children focally infested with head lice lived in old houses mostly supplied only with cold water or even without running water at all. These data confirm the association between head louse infestation and familial, social and hygienic conditions of an infested child.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

[The prevention of pediculosis among the troops].

The authors describe ecological and epidemiological features of body, head and pubic louse pediculosis among servicemen and its epidemiological and hygienic significance. The article shows the possible routes of proliferation of lice in military contingency. There are practical recommendations for the army physician on execution of preventive measures and disinfection, as well as most effective and simple methods of lice extermination on the man's body, underwear, uniform, linen and dwelling. The article discusses various variants of insecticide application in different situations, and describes new antipediculous insecticides.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Some clinical features of pediculosis among school children.

Pediculosis is one of the most conspicuous and important type of contagious disease among school children. Lice infestation is always accompanied with different clinical manifestations. Thirty lousy school children were clinically examined. The common manifestation was pruritus with or without lymphadenopathy. The least common manifestation was erythema. Other manifestations as excoriation, bite reaction, impetigo contagiosa, crusts behind ears. Conjunctivitis and psoriasis were also seen. It was concluded that school children are the group at high risk for lice infestation.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Unsafe practices in the treatment of pediculosis capitis.

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify unsafe uses of prescription, over-the-counter and home remedies used in the treatment of pediculosis. Twenty-seven families with 119 children were visited at home and interviewed about their use of remedies for head lice. In addition to prescription and over-the-counter products home remedies were commonly used. Kerosene, alcohol, insecticides, and head shaving were some of the home remedies reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

An epidemic of pediculosis capitis.

An epidemic due to Pediculus humanus capitis occurred in the public schools of Buffalo, New York, in the winter of 1973. A survey at one elementary school showed that 20% of whites and no blacks were infested, and a city-wide prevalence survey during the academic year September 1972 to May 1973 showed that 7.2% of all pupils were infested. An epidemiological investigation showed that sex, age, race, socioeconomic status, crowding, method of closeting garments, and family size influenced the distribution of pediculosis but that hair length apparently was not a factor. Poverty and ignorance appeared to contribute to the persistence of infestation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1952