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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Hormonal consequences of subcutaneous 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone pellets or injections in prepubertal male and female rats.

Prepubertal 27-day-old female rats maintained in a 14L:10D cycle (lights on 06:00 h) were injected s.c. at 13:00 h with saline or 2, 20 or 200 micrograms 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) and killed 25-27 h later. No significant differences in body, pituitary or ovarian weight were noted. Differences in uterine weight (mg/100 g body weight) and in circulating free thyroxine index fit the pattern of a reduction after the lower doses with reversal of this effect after the highest dose. A dose-related rise in plasma prolactin concentration was accompanied by a significant increase in pituitary prolactin at the lowest (2 micrograms) dose. When 27-day-old prepubertal male and female rats maintained in a 14L:10D cycle were implanted with a beeswax pellet or a wax pellet that contained 100 micrograms or 1 mg 6-MBOA and killed 3 days later between 14:00 and 16:00 h, body and absolute ventral prostate weights (but not weights of other accessory organs, testes or relative ventral prostate weights) in males were lower. Pituitary (but not plasma) prolactin concentrations were higher after the lower dose compared to the controls; pituitary and plasma values of LH and FSH were unchanged. In females, reproductive variables were unchanged except for a reduction of pituitary prolactin after the 1 mg dose. Triiodothyronine and its free index were elevated after the higher dose in males and the lower dose in females. The free thyroxine index appeared raised after the larger dose only in males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of a calcium channel blocker on the hypophyseal secretion of luteinizing hormone in intact and castrated rats of both sexes].

The effect of verapamil on luteinizing hormone secretion by pituitary body was studied in normal and castrated male and female rats. Intragastric verapamil administration at a dose of 10 mg/g body weight two hours prior to decapitation decreased luteinizing hormone serum and pituitary levels in female rats only in proestrus. It is suggested that preovulatory luteinizing hormone secretion depends partially on estradiol-stimulated calcium transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Dosimetric characteristics of internal irradiation with radioactive nuclides of iodine].

The paper is concerned with some data on mean absorbed dose values in the animals' organs, the time course of their formation and the character of microdistribution of an absorbed dose around thyroid follicles in internal irradiation of the rat body with 131I and 125I. A raised level of irradiation of the animals' pituitary body is noted. The authors provide dosimetric characteristics of irradiation of thyroid microstructures noting that 125I creates more inhomogeneous distribution of an absorbed dose around thyroid follicles compared to 131I, irradiating, to a greater extent, the follicular membrane and, to a lesser degree, the nuclei of surrounding cells whereas 131I provides homogeneous irradiation of thyroid cells. The authors give a comparative critical analysis of the quantitative and microdosimetric characteristics and literature data.

Absorption↗
PubMed1977

Harvey Cushing: "From tallow dip to television".

Harvey Cushing was not only a leading founder of neurosurgery, but his work in general surgery provoked research which advanced medical knowledge, and he made substantial contributions to medical education and general literature. He discovered (with L.E. Livinggood) that the stomach and small intestine could be rendered sterile by fasting before operations; he successfully sutured the cervical thoracic duct without subsequent leakage; he suggested, after attempted repair of chronic valvular lesions in the dog, the possibility of surgery on cardiac valves in man; he demonstrated the relation of intracranial pressure to blood pressure; he devised one of the first charts for recording pulse and respiration and introduced routine blood pressure determinations during operation; and he stimulated continuing research by internists and endocrinologists through his work on the pituitary body and its disorders-work which was crowned by his discovery of pituitary basophilism. His unique course in operative surgery for medical students at the Johns Hopkins was adopted by other medical schools and he advanced other provocative theories concerning the organization and content of the medical curriculum. He provided elective clinics at Harvard Medical School for students and established postgraduate fellowships at the Hopkins, Harvard, and Yale schools of medicine. Cushing brought distinction upon himself and the medical profession through his books and essays of high literary quality and originality, most notably his biography of Sir William Osler, which was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1926.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1994

Rare case with metastatic involvement of hypothalamo-pituitary and pineal body presenting as hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus.

An unusual case with metastatic spread of a small oat cell lung carcinoma to the hypothalamo-pituitary region and pineal body presenting as pituitary insufficiency is reported. Computed tomographic scan revealed an isodense mass in the hypothalamo-pituitary region and pineal body that was strongly enhanced by contrast medium. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a downward displacement of the posterior lobe of the pituitary by the hypothalamo-pituitary mass. Dynamic assessment of hypothalamo-pituitary function showed hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus; partial recovery was observed with the improvement in the carcinoma by chemotherapy. The brain was subsequently irradiated. The patient survived 10 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Adult T-cell leukemia with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

An autopsy case of adult T-cell leukemia with generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is reported. Tumor cells had T-cell characteristics (E-rosette) and cerebriform nucleus similar to Sèzary cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and an ectopic pancreas in the ileum were found at the time of autopsy. Histologically, leukemic infiltration was observed in almost every organ, and perivascular infiltration, vascular invasion were conspicuous findings. Cytomegalic inclusion bodies were observed in most organs (lungs, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, ectopic pancreas, sweat gland, stomach, thyroid gland, pituitary body, etc.). An acute hepatitis, probably caused by cytomegalovirus, was also noted. Presumed correlation of adult T-cell leukemia, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and T-cell lymphoma was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A compartmentalized chamber for studying dopamine neurons in an hypothalamo-pituitary explant.

UNLABELLED: An in vitro technique was developed which could be used to study whole neurons of the tuberohypophyseal dopaminergic (THDA) tract. Explants containing the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH; THDA cell bodies), pituitary stalk (THDA axons) and posterior pituitary (PP; THDA nerve terminals) were carefully dissected and placed in specially designed chambers. The chambers consist of separate compartments for the incubation of the MBH and PP while maintaining an intact pituitary stalk which traverses through a notched barrier. Dopamine (DA) synthesis in the explants was constant for 3 h and was significantly elevated by electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation of both the PP and MBH increased endogenous DA release from the PP. DA release in response to potassium depolarization and dopaminergic drugs was significantly lower in explants than in the isolated PP even though spontaneous release was similar. CONCLUSIONS: (1) this method is suitable for studying intact THDA neurons in vitro, and (2) intact THDA neurons respond differently to various stimuli than their excised terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Harmful effects of MSG on function of hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland system.

It has been demonstrated that neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) results in a clearly defined lesion of the arcuate nucleus (AN) of the hypothalamus. The present study shows that fat was accumulated in the abdomen of male rats treated with MSG; weights of the body, pituitary and testis were lower; beta-EP content in hypothalamus decreased while L.EnK content increased; serum LH, FSH, TSH, GH and TS levels all decreased in varying degrees while serum PRL level significantly increased. The cAMP content lowered in pituitary, but nor in testes; clear histological changes occurred in testicular tissue; Se-GSH-Px activity in both testis and adrenal gland lowered while LPO level significantly increased. Both Se-GSH-Px activity and LPO level in liver increased. These results indicate that MSG is harmful to the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-target system of neonatal rats.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical localization of neurotensin and beta-endorphin in the rat anterior pituitary gland.

Nakane's enzyme-labeled antibody technique revealed that cells containing neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were widely distributed in the anterior lobe of the pituitary body. Immunohistochemical studies on serial sections showed that a part of neurotensin positive anterior lobe cells contained beta-endorphin-like peptide simultaneously. The results show that beta-endorphin and neurotensin occur together in certain pituitary cells and this is an evidence of coexistence of more than one peptide within one anterior pituitary cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The efficacy of proton irradiation of the hypophysis in children with Itsenko-Cushing disease].

The authors represent the results of the treatment of 20 children with Itsenko-Cushing disease (ICD) by proton-beam irradiation of the pituitary body. The use of the medical proton beam of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics was found to be effective for the treatment of children with mild and average forms of ICD. Irradiation of the pituitary gland at a dose of 70-100 Gy is accompanied by general and local radiation reactions which are not dangerous for children. The time of development of remission after irradiation depends on a degree of severity and features of a course of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The results of hypophyseal irradiation with a proton beam in acromegaly patients].

The investigation of 26 acromegalic patients long after irradiation of the pituitary body with a proton beam showed clinical and hormonal improvement in 38% of the patients, clinical improvement without complete growth hormone normalization in 46%, and the absence of any effect in 15%. The latter was mainly a result of partial irradiation of pituitary adenoma. Some patients after proton irradiation demonstrated signs of adenohypophyseal functional insufficiency, more marked in patients with a decreased level of Gy (over 5 ng/ml). A conclusion is that proton beam therapy is effective (provided all criteria for patients' eligibility are observed) and can be used as an independent method for the treatment of acromegalic patients.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1975

Pituitary-thyroid function of rats in hypobaric oxygen-inert gas environments.

Rats (200-260 g) were exposed in sealed, recycling chambers continuously for 2-30 days to gas mixtures designed to maintain the same alveolar PO2 in the presence or absence of inert gas. Mixtures with inert gas (N2, He, or Ne) were at ground level; those without inert gas (100 percent O2) were in an altitude chamber. The O2 categories were: I-100 percent O2 at 747 torr; II-74 percent O2 + 26 percent inert and 566 torr 100 percent O2; III-47 percent O2 + 53 percent inert and 381 torr 100 percent O2; IV-21 percent O2 + 79 percent inert and 197 torr 100 percent O2. One of the two room-air controls was "restricted-fed" to the level of the lowest intake group. Measurements included body, pituitary, and thyroid weight, food and water intake, plasma volume and hematocrit, pituitary and plasma TSH, and plasma PBI. Severe depression in all variables and over 50 percent mortality was seen in I by day 4. All variables were depressed in II, but there was no mortality to 20 days. Pituitary-thyroid function appeared to be particularly sensitive to depression by hyperoxia, with plasma TSH levels reduced between 42 and 60 percent in II and III. No effect was attributable to the inert gas, whether it was N2, He, or Ne, nor was any specific effect traceable to the presence or absence of inert gas.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Hormonal shifts in adolescents in the initial period of infection with tuberculosis].

In 78 adolescents aged 13-17 years, the functions of the pituitary body, adrenal and thyroid glands and pancreas were examined by means of radioimmunoassay. The controls were represented by 31 subjects with non-infected tuberculosis; in 47 adolescents, tuberculin test was seen to turn positive. The initial period of the tuberculosis infection in adolescents is marked by the following changes: inhibited pituitary function (other than adrenocorticotropic hormone); higher adrenal activity, elevated cortisol levels, altered (predominantly depressed) thyroidal function; and increased pancreas functional activity. The above changes indicate the inhibition of human defense forces and its comparatively high energy consumption. The presence of deviations in the physical development of adolescents, most frequently leading to an excessive weight, and pronounced tuberculin sensitivity aggravate the disturbance of the hormone equilibrium.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of adrenergic innervation on the degree of reparation of the thyroid after its resection].

The time course of thyroid functional changes in normal and in partial desympathization was observed in experiments on 250 albino male rats aged 15 days, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 mos. Desympathization was induced by the administration of guanethidine at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body mass in the first 14 days after birth. Resection of the two thirds of the gland was performed on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 15th and 30th days before killing. T3, T4, CT and TSH levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Analysis of thyroid hormonal patterns showed variability of functional changes of this organ in desympathization. Desympathization at the age of 15 days and one month led to thyroid functional suppression, later on a rise of hormonogenesis was noted as a result of enhanced production of the pituitary body and CT. At the age of 1 and 3 mos. after thyroidectomy the rates of implementation of thyroid reparative potentials in desympathization were much higher than those in controls and were accompanied by a more marked increase in TSH. At the age of 12 mos. the resection of the two thirds of the thyroid caused a progressive decrease in the level of serum TSH which determined a decrease in the rate of normalization of the thyroid status.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

Unusual anti-reproductive properties of the analog [d-Leu6,des-Gly-NH2(10)]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide in male rats.

Nanogram quantities of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, [D-Leu6,des-Gly-NH2(10)]-LHRH ethylamide, were injected into immature male rats twice daily for 40 days. Treatment with the analog significantly increased serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, but suppressed accessory sex organ weights. Plasma and testicular concentrations of testosterone were also significantly decreased. The agonist did not alter body, pituitary, or testis weights. Spermatogenesis and the morphology or density of the Leydig cells also appeared not to be affected. A possible direct effect of the analog on the testes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of methergoline on impulse secretion of gonadotropins in women with hyperprolactinemic ovarian insufficiency].

The impact of methergoline, a serotonin antagonist, on the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol and progesterone was studied in the blood serum of 20 females with hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian insufficiency who were under a ten-day course of its administration in a dose of 4-12 mg/day. Two patients were studied for gonadotrophin impulse secretion before and during methergoline treatment. It was revealed that the administration of the preparation led to a significant elevation of serum FSH and LH, estradiol and progesterone levels (up to the values characteristic of the preovulation phase) and enhancement of LH impulse secretion by the pituitary body. The possibility of dominant follicle growth and development was stated in the presence of persistent hyperprolactinemia. The authors supposed that the agent's effect was gained due to an enhanced secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion and the role of neuromediators].

The paper deals with the neuroendocrine relationships between true neuromediators of adrenergic and cholinergic nature as well as the neuromediators of peptidic character and the neurosecretory neurons controlling the secretion of gonadotropines and prolactine. The properties of about 30 neuromediators of different character with consideration for the structures of the central nervous system, participation in the synthesis and secretion of gonadoliberine, gonadotropines and prolactine and hence functioning of the reproductive system as a whole are characterized. The significance of the hormonal background of sexual steroids in the system of these complex relationships is analyzed. The author's and literature findings on the time-course of changing the contents of catecholamines in the hypothalamic structures relating to the control of the gonadotropic function of pituitary body are studied; the correlation relationships between a changed level of sexual steroids and gonadotropines in the blood during the cycle and the time-course of changing the catecholamines and luliberine in the hypothalamus are discussed. The possible mechanisms of coordinating the different neuromediators of adrenergic character and amino neuromediators with various mechanisms of action in the regulation of normal activity of the reproductive system are investigated.

Animals↗