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PubMed1980

[2 approaches to experimental psychology studies in psychopathies].

The paper deals with some results of experimental psychological studies of psychopathic personalities, which indicate the efficacy of using not only experimental data for verifying the existing clinical concepts. Such studies are important as well for formulating some psychological hypotheses, the solution of certain questions on the basis of the known personality theories in psychology. The possibility of using psychological examinations for the study of motivations in psychopathies are discussed. For the 4 forms of psychopathy (explosive, hysterical, inhibited, paranoidal) the prevalent motives are singled out, which in normals as a rule are not the leading ones.

Affect↗
PubMed1976

[The effect of cerebrolysin on chronic encephalopathy. An experimental psychological and electroencephalographic study (author's transl)].

The results obtained with the cerebral hydrolysate Cerebrolysin in 33 patients (22 men, 11 women) with chronic encephalopathy are reported. 11 patients received one and 22 patients two courses of 10 ampoules i.m. The results of neurological, psychiatric, echoencephalographic, electroencephalographic and experimental psychological investigations were compared by means of a battery of 6 single tests before, during and after the individual treatment series. A marked influence on the basic rhythm, slight focal changes and also general changes were established. In the experimental psychology field, the rate of improvement was 78.5%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental psychological study of older schizophrenics].

The results of an experimental-psychological study of 2 age groups of schizophrenics with a favourable course of the disease (55-75 and 35-40 years) were compared with the findings obtained in matched groups of healthy subjects. Both groups of the schizophrenic patients were characterized by common features of cognitive activity attributable to impairment of selective actualization of knowledge on the basis of past experience. The authors analyze changes in this abnormality of cognitive activity under the impact of the age factor.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

[Experimental psychology study of certain aspects of reduced activity among schizophrenic patients].

Experimental psychological studies of some aspects of lowered mental activity, due to an increasing schizophrenic defect, were performed in 15 patients. Some traits of realization processes and goal selection as a reflection of certain aspects of activity were studied. The study included 2 groups of schizophrenic patients (with a continuous and shift-like development) with different degrees of a clinically pronounced defect. The results obtained indicate that along with a formation of a defect in this group there is also a change in some aspects of mental activity which is reflected in changed processes of goal realization and selection. The schizophrenic patients become less initiative, they are incapable of posing goals in compliance with previous levels of achievement, and as a result their activity becomes less productive.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental-psychological study of personality traits of patients with physical handicaps].

An experimental psychological investigation into the peculiarities of the personality of 60 senior schoolchildren and adolescents suffering from infantile cerebral paralysis was carried out. On the basis of the results obtained it was shown that with the intellect preserved and as a result of experiencing their psychic inadequacy the patients developed a compensatory personality mechanism. The manifestations of this mechanism in the patients' self-consciousness were an exaggeration of the self-estimation in emotionally unfavourable situations of comparing themselves with the surrounding people, as well as unreal imaginations of the future existing concurrently with objective self-estimation and adequate plans for the future. The discovered compensatory mechanism may serve as an explanation of the development of pseudo-autistic traits in patients suffering from physical defects.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

The experimental psychology of attitude change and the tradition of classical rhetoric.

Social psychologists might be surprised to learn that their discipline has been cut off from a vast and ancient family tree. The study of attitude change in the context of experimental social psychology began around 1918. It developed into a defined discipline in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly through the work of Carl Hovland and his associates. Unlike earlier specialties in experimental psychology, social psychology emerged well after the 19th-century split between psychology and philosophy in college curricula. Before this period of growth in empirical teaching and practice, the study of persuasion in classical rhetoric was a bedrock of higher education for more than 2000 years. Because of social psychology's late development in empirical science, there is a historical disconnect between experimental social psychology and its ancient philosophical counterpart, classical rhetoric. This article demonstrates similarities and differences between Hovland's findings and the theoretical groundings of classical rhetoric. We suggest areas where modern social psychology might benefit from a look at the older, more holistic theories of the art of rhetoric.

Attitude↗
PubMed1988

[Complex experimental psychological research on the delimitation of continuous schizophrenia and schizoid psychopathy].

Comparative experimental psychological investigation of continuous schizophrenia and schizoid psychopathy was performed in 60 and 35 patients, respectively aged 16 to 30. Clinical diagnosis was confirmed in catamnestic follow-up. A set of 11 psychological techniques was employed. Differential diagnostic indices were derived from the study of psychic processes in both diseases. Diagnostic significance and informative values were assessed for individual techniques with special reference to their relevance to differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizoid psychopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental-psychological study in the late period of closed wartime craniocerebral injuries].

An experimental psychological study covered 70 patients with a long-term progressive course of a closed craniocerebral injury (CCCI) sustained during the war. The traumatological symptomatology was characterized by unstable working capacity, exhaustibility, deteriorated memory, inconsistent thinking, low self-esteem and a lower level of aspirations, weakening of incentives, the presence of residual disorders of speech and visual-spatial orientation. Patients with a predominant cerebrovascular disease, along with exhaustibility characteristic of traumatic pathology, showed general inhibition, inertia, rigid processes, memory deterioration, as well as poor ability for generalization and abstract thinking, lack of interests and uncritical perception of information. The results obtained should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the clinical variant of the progressive time-course at a long-term period of a CCCI as well as in the assessment of the patient's working ability and the causes of disability.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Status of higher nervous activity and various indices of experimental-psychological examinations of the aged].

On the basis of a comprehensive experimental-psychological examination of clinically healthy people of advanced age groups, the authors have established the main regularities of changes in mental activity with age. It is demonstrated that deterioration of memory, attention and apractognostic processes is largely due to a reduction in the tone of the brain cortex. The normative parameters of the functional mobility and mental working ability are presented for people aged 20 to 100 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Experimental psychological research on the level of pretensions in alcoholics taking the sex factor into account].

An experimental psychological study has involved 50 males and 53 females with Stage I-II alcoholism during their first hospitalization. The studied patients presented an extravert-neurotic type of personality degradation. Abnormalities of motivational activity in an experimental situation of choice were characterized by a very low level of pretensions in male alcoholics and the maximum level of pretensions in female alcoholics. An analysis of intellectual productivity of the patients has indicated a low intellectual output and inability of the rational utilization of the intellectual potential. In view of the heterogeneity of affective disturbances in men and women, the author recommends a differential psychotherapeutical approach to alcoholic patients of different sex.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental psychological study of the functions of the aspiration level of schizophrenic patients].

The results of experimental psychological examinations of the activating and protective functions of the level of ambitions in three groups of subjects (70 patients with moderately progressive shift-like and paranoid schizophrenia with a pronounced defect, 70 patients suffering from schizophrenia with an unmarked defect and 70 healthy controls) are presented. The study demonstrated that in schizophrenic patients with a marked defect as compared with healthy subjects and schizophrenics without any prominent defect, there is a decrease in the activating and an increase in the protective function of the level of ambitions which is considered as one of the mechanisms and signs of adynamia.

Aspirations, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental-psychological study of prognostication in neurotic patients].

Experimental and psychologic examinations of 35 neurotic patients revealed errors in the prediction, including the probability one, the nature and the degree of these errors depending on the type of neurosis. Use of a complex of methods helped to detect the contribution of prediction to the mechanisms of psychologic compensation and internal picture of the disease. The data may be used in psychotherapy of neuroses.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[An experimental psychological study of the changes in mental activity in schizophrenia with different types of defect].

The paper is concerned with experimental psychological studies of disorders in certain parameters of mental activity within the structure of the pathopsychological syndrome in schizophrenic patients with partial and total types defect. The data obtained attest to different determining factors that lie at the basis of the studied types of defect conditions in schizophrenic patients and can be used in the elaboration of psychocorrective recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Experimental psychological study of the effect of a hexobendine-etamivan-etofylline combination].

Instenon forte, a combination of hexobendine, etamivan and etofylline for treatment of cerebral vascular insufficiency, was tested in an experimental psychological study. Effects on performance, especially on functions related to driving, were investigated. The experimental group consisted of 15 male and 9 female, the control group of 15 male and 8 female students, aged between 17 and 25 years. All subjects were tested with the same series of psychological tests before and after long-term medication. The male subjects showed moderate increase of concentration performance and short-term memory under Instenon in various tests. Taking in complex traffic situations at a glance was significantly enhanced in the male experimental group, whereas reactive behavior under stress showed some impairment. In the female experimental group an increase of focal attention and an improvement of reactive behavior under stress was found, taking in complex traffic situations at a glance was impaired. The results of this study indicate that neither in female nor in male subjects a consistent positive or negative effect of Instenon on functions related to driving could be determined. Driving fitness in general is not influenced by Instenon in the dosage applied in young healthy volunteers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Time experience in melancholia: a comparison between findings based on phenomenology and experimental psychology.

The different modes of time experience are based partly on the subjective and partly on the objective concept of time. Consequently, the phenomenon of time is accessible to both phenomenological analysis and experimental psychology. Based on disturbances in time experience in melancholic patients, this report illustrates the type of connection that exists between (qualitative) changes in the phenomenologically deducible "erlebnisimmanente" ego time or "erlebnistranseunte" universal time and (quantitative) experimental time estimation findings.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

[Experimental psychological study of changes in the mental activity of schizophrenic patients with different degrees of expression of the defect].

Changes in mental activity related predominantly to one of the principal characteristics of the defect developing in schizophrenia, i.e. a decrease in mental activity, were studied by a complex of experimental psychological techniques designed to gain a better insight into the processes of memory and attention. A comparative study of groups of schizophrenic patients differing by the severity of the defect produced data characterizing the time-course of changes in mnemonic activity and voluntary attention due to defect aggravation and to the growth of a decrease in mental activity--the level of voluntary regulation and spontaneous activity.

Adolescent↗