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PubMed2006

Further exploration of the Vedic Personality Inventory: validity, reliability and generalizability.

The purpose of this study was to explore the validity, reliability, and generalizability of the Vedic Personality Inventory which consists of constructs derived from the Vedic literature of India. There were 57 participants (20 men, 37 women). The mean age was 44.3 yr. (SD= 15.1). The sample was predominantly older, well-educated women who volunteered to participate as respondees to invitations to participate posted in supermarkets, churches, colleges, and on the internet. Analysis yielded statistically significant correlations for scores on the Vedic Personality Inventory and on the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory, each of which measures domains of interest addressed by the first inventory.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Test-taker and close-other selection of personality inventory feedback.

Results from previous studies suggest that normal persons self-enhance both when rating their own personality traits, and when evaluating personality inventory feedback. In this study, 64 male and female undergraduates attempted to distinguish their own California Psychological Inventory (Gough, 1975) profiles from those of two other individuals. Sixty-four close friends and relatives ("close others") of test-takers also attempted to identify test-taker profiles. It was found that a significant proportion of test-takers, and a near-significant proportion of close others, made accurate selections, Z = 3.76, p < .001 and Z = 1.90, p = .06, respectively. It was also found that close others who selected incorrectly were significantly likely to flatter the test-taker by choosing the most favorable profile of the three, Z = 1.97, p < .05, whereas test-takers who selected incorrectly did not show a significant tendency to choose the most favorable profile.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Factor structure of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire and its relationship with the revised NEO personality inventory in a Japanese sample.

The Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) was developed to assess 18 personality traits that provide a systematic representation of personality disorder. This study investigates the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the DAPP-BQ and the relationship between the DAPP-BQ and Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) in a heterogeneous general population sample (n = 1485). Internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and test-retest reliability over a 3-week period was satisfactory for all scales. Factor analysis yielded 4 factors labeled "emotional dysregulation," "dissocial behavior," "inhibition," and "compulsivity" that accounted for 76.0% of the total variance. Subsequently, we investigated the relationships between the 18 dimensions and the 5 dimensions of the NEO-PI-R in a second heterogeneous general population sample (n = 717). Combined factor analysis of the 2 scales again yielded 4 factors accounting for 70.4% of the total variance. Finally, we used multiple regression analyses to examine the extent to which the 5 NEO-PI-R scales could be used to predict individual DAPP-BQ scales. These indicated that the NEO-PI-R does not have content that covers some DAPP-BQ dimensions, especially conduct problems, narcissism, and stimulus seeking.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

The Five-factor Personality Inventory as a measure of the Five-factor Model: Belgian, American, and Hungarian comparisons with the NEO-PI-R.

The lexically based Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) was correlated with the factors and facets of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) in Belgian (N = 265), American (N = 116), and Hungarian (N = 320) samples. Results were similar across the three cultures. Analysis of orthogonalized FFPI factors showed that three of them--emotional stability, extraversion, and agreeableness--showed a direct correspondence to their NEO-PI-R counterparts. Autonomy, however, was not clearly related to openness, and facet analysis suggested that it might be interpreted as a dominance factor Better matches to NEO-PI-R conscientiousness and openness could be obtained by using vectors rotated 30 degrees from the FFPI positions. Raw scale scores showed similar results. Researchers should not assume that all measures of the Five-Factor Model are qualitatively similar

Adult↗

PubMed1977

A comparison of four personality inventories.

The equivalence of personality constructs measured by four rationally devised inventories watested by means of a factor analytic approach. The tests were administered to large high school and college samples. Separate analysis of each inventory were followed by analysis of pooled scales representing each factor found in any inventory. Twelve dimensions were found to be common to two or more inventories and consistent across the two samples. The results indicate a convergence on a set of basic personality constructs measurable and equivalent in several inventories.

Educational Status↗

PubMed1983

Biopsychobehavioral correlates of insomnia. II. Pattern specificity and consistency with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

In a study designed to assess personality patterns of patients with chronic insomnia, a total of 528 subjects (428 insomniacs and 100 controls) completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Comparison of the MMPI profiles of insomniacs from a semirural area and of those from an urban area, each in a completely different geographic region, showed results consistent for high levels of psychopathology as well as for specific personality patterns within and between groups. The personality patterns of insomniac subjects were remarkably homogeneous: only a few MMPI code types accounted for about one-half of each insomniac sample. The insomniac profiles were consistently characterized by the presence of neurotic depression, rumination, chronic anxiety, inhibition of emotions, and an inability to discharge anger outwardly. The results of this study confirm the original hypothesis that the handling of stresses and conflicts through an internalization of emotions leads to physiologic activation and is a major factor underlying the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Correlations between WISC-R subtests and scales of the Personality Inventory for Children.

Data were collected from files of 129 children who had been administered the WISC-R and whose mothers had completed the Personality Inventory for Children. A prior high correlation between the Somatic Concern scale and WISC-R Third Factor was not replicated, but the cognitive triad of the Personality Inventory for Children correlated -.49 to -.27 with all the WISC-R IQs. Comparing a two-subtest (Arithmetic, Digit Span) Third Factor versus the traditional three-subtest triad produced comparable results, supporting the redefined Third Factor of the WISC-III.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Respondent psychopathology and interpretive accuracy of the Personality Inventory for Children: the evaluation of a "most reasonable" assumption.

This study investigates the relationship between maternal psychopathology and the validity of the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC). Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that psychopathology in the parent informant limits the ability of the resulting scale scores to predict actuarially derived descriptions of child emotional and behavior disorders. Mothers of 223 children and adolescents who had been referred for an evaluation to a child psychiatry service completed the PIC. These mothers also completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The sample of mothers and their children was divided into two subsamples according to the mother's MMPI profile: within normal limits and clinically elevated. Nineteen factor dimensions scores derived from these separate behavior rating forms served as external criteria. Analyses indicated that maternal psychopathology, as represented by MMPI scale elevations, did not moderate or limit the predictive accuracy of PIC scales.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Sequential response shift rate: a correlate of human adaptivity measureable with existing personality inventories.

The rate at which Ss changed responses to successive personality inventory items was investigated. It was hypothesized that frequent shifts usually reflect the capacity and motivation to respond differentially to different situations; or that, conversely, too few shifts show a perseverative tendency paralleling inadaptivity in real-life behavior. Eight separate groups (students in nursing, education, social work, and human services paraprofessionals) totaling 286 normal Ss were tested, and their shift rates were compared with supervisory ratings of practical performance. Lanyon's Psychological Screening Inventory, Gough's California Psychological Inventory, or the Minnesota T-S-E were used to elicit shift rate or its approximate antithesis, linear perseveration. Results tended to confirm a moderate, sometimes curvilinear, relationship between shift rate and important practical performance criteria. Sequential shift rate and perseveration are crude but meaningful behavioral measures relatively independent of conventional self-descriptive scores, demonstrating that some inventories detect a previously unrecognized response variable related to general adaptivity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2000

Construct validity of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory in a correctional sample.

The relations between the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI; Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996) and 4 theoretically related constructs (empathy, aggression, work ethic, and borderline personality disorder) were examined. Additionally, the relation between the PPI and heroism was explored. One hundred male inmates were administered the PPI, the Questionnaire Measure of Emotional Empathy (Mehrabian & Epstein, 1972), the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), the Protestant Ethic Scale (Mirels & Garrett, 1971), the Self-Report for Borderline Personality Scale (Oldham et al., 1985), and the Activity Frequency Inventory (Lilienfeld, 1998). As predicted, the PPI was significantly negatively correlated with empathy and significantly positively related to aggression and borderline personality. Contrary to prediction, the correlation between the PPI and work ethic was not significant. Eight of 11 hypotheses regarding the relations of the PPI subscales to these 4 constructs were corroborated. Results support the construct validity of the PPI in a correctional sample. The exploratory analysis of the relation between the PPI and heroism revealed no significant relations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Factor structure of the psychopathic personality inventory: validity and implications for clinical assessment.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by impulsive antisocial deviance in the context of emotional and interpersonal detachment. A factor analysis of the subscales of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI) yielded evidence for 2 factors. One factor showed relations with external criteria mirroring those of the emotional-interpersonal facet of psychopathy, including high dominance, low anxiety, and venturesomeness. The other factor showed relations paralleling those of the social deviance facet of psychopathy, including positive correlations with antisocial behavior and substance abuse, negative correlations with socioeconomic status and verbal ability, and personality characteristics including high negative emotionally and low behavioral constraint. Findings support using the PPI to assess these facets of psychopathy in community samples and to explore their behavioral correlates and genetic-neurobiological underpinnings.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

A comparison of the analgesic effects of methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide and nitrous oxide alone during labour related to the Eysenck personality inventory test.

One hundred and thirty-three paturients who had received either methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide or nitrous oxide analgesia with or without pudendal block, underwent the Eysenck Personality Inventory Test on the second postpartum day and evaluated their memory of the pain (Subjectively Evaluated Pain Suffering Scores) during labor. Parturients who had received methoxyflurance-nitrous oxide analgesia reported significantly lower pain suffering than parturients who had had nitrous oxide analgesia. Subdivision according to Personality Inventory factors showed that at the introvert end of the Extroversion-Introversion scale, methoxyflurance-nitrous oxide analgesia with or without additional pudendal block resulted in significantly lower pain suffering than did not nitrous oxide analgesia. On the other hand, nitrous oxide analgesia without additional pudendal block gave significantly lower pain suffering at the extrovert end of the scale. Among the extroverts there was a tendency, though not statistically significant, towards non-approval of the pudendal block.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗

PubMed2006

Further assessment of the HEXACO Personality Inventory: two new facet scales and an observer report form.

The HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI) operationalizes the six factors obtained from lexical studies of personality structure in several languages. In this study, psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI were assessed using a community adult sample and also using observer reports, thereby extending the previous investigation relying only on self-reports from a college student sample. In addition to examining the original 24 HEXACO-PI facet scales, the authors also examined two new facet scales--Altruism versus Antagonism and Negative Self-Evaluation--that assess constructs located interstitially among the factors of the HEXACO space. The HEXACO-PI again showed favorable psychometric properties in terms of reliability and factor structure and also showed high levels of self/observer agreement.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Personality inventory responses of males with medically intractable seizures.

The psychosocial adjustment of 50 male patients to intractable seizures was assessed by comparing their responses to a combined version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) to the responses of 50 medical, psychiatric, or nonclinical controls who denied seizures. The two groups were significantly different (p < .01) on one MMPI and 10 CPI scales. Significant (p < .01) between-group differences were also reflected in 29 of the 704 personality inventory items. Those items were rationally clustered according to content into six conceptually identifiable subscales; 30 additional items with similar content that were significant at the .05 level were added to those subscales. Comparison of subscale scores of an additional 30 seizure and 30 nonseizure subjects using analysis of variance revealed F values that reached statistical significance (p < .05) in four cases and approached significance (p = .07) in another. Applying coefficients derived from discriminant analysis of the first samples correctly classified 99% of the original patients and 85% of the validation subjects. Results reveal a logical, understandable, and largely adaptive response to intractable seizures and offer little support for the concept of a dysfunctional or pathological interictal personality style.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2000

Assessing the U.S. presidents using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

This article describes the use of objective psychological instruments, including the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R), to assess the personalities of all 41 U.S. presidents to date. We briefly report our findings pertaining to the average profile of chief executives on the NEO PI-R and summarize data on two of our most illustrious presidents, Washington and Lincoln. We review a typology of presidents based on our data. Finally, we summarize the results of our investigation of the Big Five personality dimensions and facets that are related to presidential success (i.e., historical greatness). The project and findings are discussed in terms of the use of the NEO PI-R in psychohistorical research and assessment.

Famous Persons↗

PubMed1977

Evidence for validity of the differential personality inventory.

In order to check the concurrent validity of the Differential Personality Inventory (DPI), the authors gave the test to 60 psychiatric patients (25 men, 35 women), who also were observed and rated on Lorr and Vestre's Psychotic Inpatient Profile. Patients also took Whitaker's Index of Schizophrenic Thinking (WIST), a test that measures thought disorder. The patients received higher scores on appropriate scales of the DPI than did a normative group (N = 370) of university students. We predicted that six of the DPI scales would correlate with relevant criterion measures (Lorr-Vestre scales and WIST); in five of six instances such correlations were statistically significant. We conclude that the DPI discriminates psychotics from normals and that among psychotics it has a moderate power to discriminate among types of psychotic behavior.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

The effect of motor-response-deprivation on contingent negative variation (CNV). III: relation with Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI).

The contingent negative variation (CNV) was correlated with Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) in 43 healthy adults as follows: (1) The conventional CNV with motor-response showed a negative correlation with the scores of extroversion in the MPI (E-scores). The recovery of the conventional CNV after verbal extinction showed both a negative correlation with the E-scores and a politive correlation with the scores of neuroticism (N-scores). (2) The motor-response-deprived CNV in the stimuli and nonresponse sessions (Sa and Na) showed no correlation with the MPI, because they fluctuated according to the subject's attentiveness. On the other hand, the CNV in the discrimination session (Da) with constant attentiveness to stimuli showed a positive correlation with the N-scores. (3) The response times in the control and response sessions showed a positive correlation with the N-scores in males and a negative correlation in females. The correlation with the E-scores was nearly opposite.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Is there a characteristic personality profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? A Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory study.

A comparison of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory profiles of 21 men and 17 women who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with the profiles of 50,500 general medical patients showed no marked deviations. The validating scales of the men and the women were similar to those of the general medical population. There was no evidence of increased defensiveness in the group with ALS, as measured by either the L or the K scale, when compared with the general medical population. Individual patient interviews also showed no characteristic personality profile for ALS patients.

Adult↗