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Results for “Physical Functional Performance”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Mechanisms of the effects of physical training on the functional state of blood platelets in patients with ischemic heart disease].

The platelet-vascular hemostasis and lipid peroxidation were examined in 60 male patients with coronary heart disease during their 30-day daily bicycle ergometric exercise performance. During the exercise, the patients were demonstrated to have a lower platelet aggregability. The factors that contribute to a physical training-induced decrease in the functional activity of platelets include lower levels of cholesterol, thrombin, lower blood oxidative activity and higher concentrations of prostaglandin I2 and high density lipoproteins.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Multidisciplinary treatment of chronic pulmonary insufficiency. 3. The effect of physical training on cardiopulmonary performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

We examined the effect of physical training on cardiopulmonary function in 21 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and compared the results with similar observations in eight untrained patients. The training consisted of daily walking on a treadmill at increasing speeds and grades and other graded physical exercises. Evaluation of pulmonary function, including spirometric studies, lung volumes, and arterial blood gas levels, showed no significant change after training. Hemodynamic functions, including heart rate, cardiac index, stroke index, pulmonary vascular resistance, and arteriovenous oxygen content difference, were similarly unchanged at comparable submaximal loads. Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure increased after training in the treated group at rest and during exercise, but this may be related to changes in respiratory mechanics. Consumption of oxygen and minute ventilation decreased in the treated group during treadmill exercise, suggesting improved neuromuscular coordination and efficiency of walking on the treadmill. Total work performed on the treadmill increased significantly in the trained group. This increase was unexplained by physiologic observations but was thought to be due in part to increased efficiency of walking and increased motivation. We conclude that improvement in the capacity for exercise following physical training for four weeks is not associated with improvement in cardiopulmonary function at submaximal exercise.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1991

[Development of physical performance and endurance in childhood and adolescence].

The information available in sports medicine regarding the development of performance and maximum stress is presented for children and adolsecents, and the importance of age-appropriate sports for general health is also discussed. A description of the five main forms of stress on the motor system follows, i.e., coordination, flexibility, strength, speed, and endurance, and their effectos on the performance parameters boys and girls from childhood to adolescence. Data on cardiopulmonary-metabolic performance parameters are discussed for children and adolescents. These include functional and morphological data on the heart, circulation, respiration, metabolism, and skeletal musculature. Precocious young people are physically capable of a higher performance level and can tolerate more stress than their normal counterparts or those with delayed development. With regard to the five forms of stress mentioned above, health questions related to the ability to tolerate stress and age-related levels of training are dealt with. The negative effects on health are considered with regard to the development of amenorrhea and a decrease in the mineral content of the skeletal system as a result of extensive endurance training.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Biofeedback in the treatment of a selected dysphagic patient.

Electromyography and biofeedback techniques are well established in the disciplines of physical medicine for the retraining of muscle groups to approximate functional performance. This report documents the application of biofeedback techniques to the treatment of swallowing dysfunction in a selected dysphagic patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Results of the exercise (ergometer) test as a diagnostic screening procedure in children with short stature].

The so-called Exercise Test of Lacey and coworkers (1973) is based on the fact that a functioning pituitary can be stimulated by physical exercise. The test was performed in 28 children of short stature as an out-patient screening test. The results were satisfactory since a growth-hormone deficiency could be excluded in 70% of the cases. The convenience of this test, which entails the investigation of only two blood samples, is stressed in respect to paediatric practice.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional state of various physiological systems of the human body during respiration of neon-oxygen mixture at depth up to 400 meters].

Hyperbaric neon-oxygen mixture has been studied for the effect of its high density under pressure of 41 ata on basic physiological functions of human organism. Typical changes of the cardiorespiratory system and tissue respiration parameters are revealed. Changes in physical working capacity are shown. Exposure to gaseous medium of high pressure and density is accompanied by the development of some compensatory-adaptive reactions. The possibility to perform mid-hard physical work is attained with overstrain of respiration and circulation function.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1992

Effects of zopiclone on subjective evaluation of sleep and daytime alertness and on psychomotor and physical performance tests in athletes.

1. In a double-blind cross-over study 8 athletes received during 2 sessions of 2 nights zopiclone (7.5 mg) or placebo. 2. Residual effects on subsequent daytime functions were evaluated both subjectively by visual analogue scales as well as objectively by a test battery measuring psychomotor and physical skills. 3. Zopiclone had some favourable effects on self-estimated sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. 4. Psychomotor and physical performance tests did not show any significant difference between zopiclone and placebo. 5. We conclude that zopiclone has useful hypnotic activity without significant adverse effects on athletic performance.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

A study of the properties of materials used in podiatry.

This study was performed to provide insight into the functioning of a selection of materials used in the fabrication of orthoses. A series of mechanical and physical tests was performed on five materials, under strict laboratory conditions. The results demonstrate that the polyurethane foams are the most promising material in the design of foot orthoses. The results also suggest that an agglomeration of properties, not just one specific property, can influence the behavior of materials.

Hardness↗

PubMed1977

Joint Committee on Aviation Pathology: IV. Crew behavior in accident causation.

The behavioral intercrew dynamics were investigated in three fatal air carrier accidents. This is apparently the original research done on this vital safety area and certain important factors have been identified for use in the prevention of future accidents. It is seen that a pilot in a flying situation is, in reality, a processor of information encompassing a system of behavior patterns. A failure in the information processing modes may be contributory to accident causation. The processing system contains four interrelated phases: 1) sensing the incoming information (Perception); 2) analyzing and understanding the processed information (Comprehension); 3) making a decision based on the understanding (Decision); and 4) performing or not performing some physical act based on the decision (Action). The dynamic factors of selective inattention, ego function, and level of awareness are present in all crew behavior. If any one of these dynamic factors affects the performance of the flight task, the behavior may lead to inappropriate performance. This may result in a fatal accident. Conclusions concerning accident prevention are drawn from this study.

Accidents, Aviation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of physical performance by rectangular-triangular bicycle ergometry and computer-assisted ergospirometry.

A great deal of information about physical adjustment to work can be obtained from quantitative stress testing. Maximal stress limited by symptoms of exertional intolerance is the concept of the 2 min duration work increment test (rectangular-triangular exercise test). Compared to steady-state work tests strict observation of the standardized procedure- and computer assisted evaluation of ergospirometric parameters offer innovatory opportunities: (1) the test is of short duration (8-14 min), (2) the subjects recover rapidly, even from an exhausting test, (3) one is more likely to be able to observe plateauing of VO2, should determination of maximal VO2 be desired, (4) adaptation to increasing work rates and maximal work capacity is assessable, (5) computer technics provide on-line assessment of aerobic and anaerobic power in quantitative terms, (6) measurements proved to be highly reproducible, (7) the relationship between variables such as increments of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, respiratory minute volume, oxygen uptake during the early phase of the non-steady-state condition and the index of anaerobic power, and the influence of factors such as work load and work output, has been studied to derive standard values. Soft-ware programs have been designed to estimate deviation of parameters actually measured from standard values in terms of multiples of the standard deviation of the standard regression line. In particular, evaluating oxygen uptake during short time-intervals (0.5 min) provides information about adequate adaptational forces of the cardio-circulatory system. Energy that is not accounted for by reactions involving the VO2 measured is computed by substracting the caloric equivalent of oxygen uptake during work exceeding the steady-state level during rest from the energy demand to sustain a given work load aerobically. This index of anaerobic power is defined in kcal, cal/kg body wt., and as a percentage of the total amount of energy required (moderately trained athletes 350-500 cal/kg; sedentary people 200-300 cal/kg). A close relationship to parameters of metabolic acidosis (base excess) exists. It is concluded that the physical performance of sedentary people, athletes and patients with impaired cardio-pulmonary function can be more precisely qualified in quantitative terms by means of computer assisted rectangular-triangular ergospirometry. Results obtained in patients with diseased conditions must be carefully interpreted, their condition suggesting the use of more invasive investigations to reveal the pathophysiologic mechanism.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Dynamics of the blood circulatory indices in the crew of the Saliut space station in a functional test under physical load].

On the 4th, 9th, 16th and 21st days of the "Salyut" mission the crewmembers performed exercises with a load of about 1100 kgm. The results were compared with those obtained on the Earth. Immediately after the tests the crewmembers showed an increased heart rate and greater changes in the diastolic and pulse pressure, cardiac output and left ventricular ejection time. The above parameters returned to the normal at a slower rate. A comparison of the values recorded on different flight days did not demonstrate a distinct correlation between the changes and time of the weightlessness exposure.

Blood Circulation↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Individualized Physical Therapy on Pain and Function in Individuals With Chronic Knee Pain: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive brain stimulation is a promising neuromodulatory intervention for chronic pain. This study aimed to determine the impact that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in combination with individualized physical therapy (PT) has on pain and function in individuals with chronic knee pain. METHODS: This study was a preliminary pragmatic, triple-blinded, randomized, and sham-controlled clinical trial performed in an outpatient orthopedic physical therapy clinic. Participants participated in 5 sessions of active or sham tDCS followed by individualized PT intervention. Pain outcomes included the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Movement-Evoked Pain, pressure pain thresholds (PPT), and the Central Sensitization Inventory. Functional outcomes included the 2-minute walk test, 5-time sit-to-stand test, quadriceps strength, knee range of motion, Patient Specific Functional Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. RESULTS: Thirty participants with chronic knee pain completed the study. There were no significant differences observed for primary patient-centered pain and functional outcomes. For secondary outcomes, the active tDCS group had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on percent change in lateral joint line PPT and a significant multivariate effect of group on PPT change scores for 3-site and 5-site clusters (p < 0.05). Exploratory responder analyses demonstrated that the active tDCS group was 12.8 times more likely to achieve the minimum detectable change in quadriceps strength improvement compared with the sham tDCS group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: There were no significant between-group differences for primary pain and functional outcomes. However, the active tDCS group showed improvements in pain sensitivity, as measured by PPT, and quadriceps strength, which were superior to those seen in the sham tDCS group. These preliminary findings provide insight into possible mechanisms of tDCS in addressing pain as opposed to efficacy. Given that there were no clear between-group differences in patient-centered outcomes, there is insufficient evidence for routine tDCS use for chronic knee pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06132412.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Symptom assessment and health-related quality of life in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction: A retrospective cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) significantly impacts children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but key determinants of this impairment remain incompletely understood within a patient-centered framework. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled 272 children with LUTD. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Dysfunctional Voiding Scoring System (DVSS) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), and HRQoL via the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scales. RESULTS: The mean total PedsQL score was 83.66 ± 16.07, with the School Functioning domain being the most impaired (73.75 ± 20.94). Univariate analysis identified older age (≥11 years), daytime urinary leakage, overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, and abnormal DVSS scores as factors associated with reduced HRQoL (all P < 0.05); multivariate regression further confirmed only older age and abnormal DVSS were independent influencing factors (both P < 0.001). A significant negative correlation existed between the total DVSS score and the total PedsQL score (r = -0.390, P < 0.01), indicating that greater symptom severity predicts poorer overall HRQoL. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that in children with LUTD, the severity of voiding dysfunction (quantified by DVSS) is inversely correlated with HRQoL. Voiding dysfunction impairs multiple domains of daily functioning, including physical well-being, emotional adjustment, social interaction, and school performance. Shifting from a symptom-focused to a patient-centered care model and integrating routine HRQoL assessment into standard clinical management can optimize clinical practice for pediatric LUTD.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exercise with motor cortex high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation enhances cardiovascular efficiency and lower-limb function in multiple sclerosis: A crossover, double-blind, and proof-of-principle study.

Combining exercise with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) could offer a strategy to help people with Multiple Sclerosis improve outcomes. In this crossover study, participants with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale ≥3.0, n = 12) and controls (n = 10) completed baseline testing, followed by three randomized experimental conditions: 1) exercise+active HD-tDCS; 2) exercise+sham HD-tDCS; and 3) HD-tDCS alone. Exercise performance metrics [heart rate, work rate, heart rate-to-work rate (HR/WR) ratio, and perceived exertion] were compared across the exercise conditions. Secondary outcomes included the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25F), Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and acute symptom ratings (fatigue and pain), assessed pre-, immediately post-, and 1h-Post. Cardiovascular efficiency (HR/WR ratio) significantly improved during exercise+HD-tDCS compared to exercise alone, particularly in older MS participants (p = 0.010). SDMT declined immediately post HD-tDCS alone, 1h-post-exercise alone, and at both time points during exercise+active HD-tDCS (p < 0.05). Both groups increased walking speed only post-exercise+active HD-tDCS, while no condition affected upper-limb function (p < 0.05). These results are in line with the tDCS literature in the general population, suggesting that tDCS improves exercise performance and selectively improves engaged motor function. The trade-off between physical and cognitive outcomes underscores the importance of personalized neuromodulation strategies in neurorehabilitation to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects, and warrants further large-scale, long-term investigations of this approach in MS.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Psychological and respiratory physiological effects of a physical exercise programme on boys with severe asthma.

Ten boys 9-12 years of age with severe perennial asthma participated in a physical exercise programme lasting 8 months. Pulmonary function and psychological tests were performed before training, immediately after, and one year after the end of the exercise programme. Static lung volumes, flow-volume variables and histamine tolerance were used as indicators of pulmonary function. Ego structure, body image, social development and concentration capacity were used as indicators of personality development. Before the study, the group had high FRC (p less than 0.05) and RV (p less than 0.001), low FEV1, MEF50 and MEF25 (all p less than 0.001) and low histamine tolerance. They showed marked disturbances in their personality development with low scores in psychological variables. During the training period, MEF50 and MEF25 increased slightly (p less than 0.01). Marked improvement was observed in all psychological variables (p less than 0.001). The positive effects remained during the following year. The marked and lasting improvement in personality development was regarded as an essential factor behind the more modest positive clinical and pulmonary function changes. The results emphasize the importance of including exercise programmes in the treatment of children with asthma.

Asthma↗

PubMed1977

Tests of auditory perception in the assessment and management of patients with cerebral cranial injury.

Special listening tests have been applied to patients with cerebral cranial injury to determine whether such tests of auditory performance will provide functional evidence of lesions which are difficult to examine physically. There have been many reports in the literature on the apparent relationship between lesions affecting portions of the central auditory nervous system and results on tests of auditory perception for speech which is either distorted in some way or presented in competing arrangements to the two ears. The premise is that these tests require integrative function of the brain while reducing the effects of conditions of the peripheral organ of hearing and of basic language functions such as symbolization and memorization. Much of the previous literature has been concerned with infiltrative lesions, such as tumors. Our rehabilitation facility serves a number of patients whose lesions are the result of injuries rather than growths or vascular accidents. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to explore the contribution of information derived from such test procedures to diagnosis and to the planning of individual programs of rehabilitation. Preliminary findings are presented for a series of patients with cerebral cranial injury.

Auditory Perception↗

PubMed1992

[Evaluation of physical fitness and exercise performance in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema].

Physical fitness was studied in patients with chronic pulmonary emphysema using Kraus-Weber methods in addition to pulmonary function and exercise tolerance. In Kraus-Weber tests, explosive strength of abdominal muscles in these patients were within the normal range, but both abdominal and back muscle endurance were significantly diminished compared to age-matched controls. On the other hand, flexibility was not different between the patients and the controls, although large variation was present. Exercise performance as assessed by 6 minutes' walk distance in patients was significantly correlated with FEV1.0, DLco and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, as well as explosive strength of abdominal muscles and abdominal and back muscle endurance capacity. Treadmill walking training for 20 minutes with a load greater than 80% VO2max, twice a week for 2 months was performed in 11 patients with mild to moderate pulmonary emphysema. Six minutes' walk distance (6MD) was significantly prolonged with improvement of back muscle endurance and flexibility. Another walking training consisting of five repetitions of two minutes' near maximal walking and a two minute interval of rest was performed in 6 patients with severe pulmonary emphysema. 6MD tended to increase with improvement of both back and abdominal muscle endurance. However, pulmonary function tests and VO2max showed no significant changes after both types of training. Improved walked distance after the training was significantly correlated with improved VO2 at AT. Furthermore VO2, VE, HR and lactate production during exercise at the same load were significantly decreased compared to pre-training. Dyspnea sensation measured by modified Borg scale during exercise was improved after the training. It is concluded that a physical training program adapted to the condition of the individual patients could improve exercise performance, and should be prescribed in addition to medication.

Aged↗

PubMed1977

[Analysis of recording of cardiac rhythm and myocardial function after exercise test].

A continuous telemetric registration of the cardiac contraction rate was made in 534 persons performing various physical exertions. The ensuing epxerimental graphs of changes in the rhythm obtained under the effect of physical loads are described by mathematical formulas. Three types of changes in the rhythm in effort have been established, viz. linear, exponential and logarithmic. To determine cardiac function quantitative coefficients, reflecting the rate of the cardiac rhythm coming up to the working level and relationship between the areas of the steady state cardiac contractions frequency phase and that of its rapid increment, are proposed.

Adolescent↗