An abilitative approach to the premature infant in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Physical Stimulation”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Effect of stimulation in coma.
OBJECTIVE: To find out efficacy and benefits of early starting of stimulation therapy in coma patients. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHOD: Sixty children admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, having coma due to non-traumatic neurological insult were randomly selected. Both study and control groups had 30 patients each. Children in the study group were given stimulation therapy while those in control group received no stimulation. The level of consciousness was assessed before and two weeks after giving stimulation therapy. RESULTS: Improvement in level of consciousness was better in study group as compared to control after two weeks of stimulation therapy. CONCLUSION: Stimulation therapy was found to be highly effective in coma patients.
Age Factors↗
The use of non-narcotic drugs and other alternatives for analgesia as part of a comprehensive pain management program.
Chronic pain remains an enigma which mystifies the most experienced clinicians. The traditional approaches to malignant pain employ narcotic analgesics, radiotherapy, surgical intervention, and chemotherapy. Within the context of a "therapeutic community" oriented pain unit, we attack this major public health problem differently. The use of non-narcotic analgesics, mood altering medications, various forms of psychotherapy (individual, group, family, gestalt, psychomotor) and peer pressure when used in conjunction with various physical modalities of treatment (including biofeedback, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator, physical therapy, whirlpool, massage, ice, heat, etc.) appear most efficacious. Frequently, the powerful tools of psychological medicine are taken for granted; yet, depression in the United States is widespread and so significantly complicates medical illness that any treatment program designed for pain patients must be holistic in its orientation if it is to be effective.
Analgesia↗
[Veloergometric indicators in patients with acute myocardial infarct during the period of their activation].
Veloergometry was practised in 35 patients with acute myocardial infarction at the time of their activiation (mainly on the 45-50th day of the disease or 7-8 days after they have been put on the feet). The investigation was aimed at detecting some signs of coronary insufficiency and cardiac incompetence, as well as of the limit of physical activity of such patients at the time of stimulated physical performance. The patients under examination demonstrated a significantly reduced amount of the work performed, which averaged 327 kgm. Among the patients complaints that led to discontinuance of the exercises were general fatigue and that of the feet in particular, dyspnoea and sensation of air deficiency, anginal attacks and deranged cardiac rhythm. In 28 cases changes in the terminal part of the ventricular ECG complex were recorded. The T-V1 greater than T-V6 syndrome was also analyzed before and after veloergometry. Of interest are the ECG changes in 2 groups of the patients, viz. the 1st without any ECG indications of transmural infarction and the 2nd one presenting such signs. Changes in the terminal part of the ventricular complex recorded in patients of the 2nd group, combined with dyspnoea, asphyxia and marked tachycardia during veloergometry suggest the presence in them not only of the coronary, but also of the left ventricular insufficiency.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Labial and vaginal blood volume responses to visual and tactile stimuli.
Five women volunteers participated in two experimental sessions designed to evaluate the response patterns of two objective psychophysiological measure of women's sexual arousal to different methods (and intensities) of sexual stimulation (i.e., an erotic film and manual self-stimulation). A vaginal photoplethysmograph was used to measure vaginal blood volume response and a labial thermistor-clip was used to measure temperature changes of one of the minor labia. Both measures usually covaried in a highly significant manner during both types of stimulation, with the largest responses typically being evoked by the physical stimulation. The response patterns for the two measures were also similar following both methods of stimulation if the woman did not experience orgasm; both measures decreased to some extent after the stimulation ended but usually remained well above the prestimulatory baseline. Orgasm, however, affected the two genital measures differently. The vaginal blood volume measure decreased dramatically during the reported orgasm, possibly because of vaginal contractions, and then increased to at least the preorgasmic level that occurred during the stimulation. The labial measure did not change during the reported orgasm but decreased relatively rapidly soon after.
Adult↗
Cardiovascular and endocrine responses to cutaneous electrical stimulation after fentanyl in the ovine fetus.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical stimulation is stressful to the ovine fetus, as judged from physiologic changes that are similar to those reported for other stressors (such as hypoxia); whether any stress response could be blocked by clinically used doses of fentanyl; and whether fentanyl alone had any potentially deleterious physiologic effects in the fetus. STUDY DESIGN: We investigated the effect of fentanyl analgesia on the cardiovascular and endocrine response to cutaneous electrical stimulation in the late gestation (>125 days) ovine fetus (n=7 fetuses). Chronically implanted catheters and blood flow probes were used to measure fetal arterial blood pressure, heart rate, carotid and femoral blood flow, pH, Po(2), Pco(2), lactate, cortisol, and beta-endorphin levels before, during, and for 1 hour after 5 minutes of cutaneous electrical stimulation to the lip, forelimb, and abdomen, in a crossover design. Clinically used 30 or 150 microg doses of fentanyl (which approximated 10 or 50 microg/kg estimated fetal weight) or saline solution were given intravenously to the fetus 2 minutes before stimulation. RESULTS: When compared with the control, stimulation caused a significant rise in fetal heart rate (P=.003; mean maximal rise, 48.6+/-14.0 beats/min, 0-10 minutes after the start of stimulation) but caused no change in any other parameters studied. Neither dose of fentanyl attenuated the changes in heart rate that were observed in response to stimulation alone. Fentanyl alone significantly increased fetal heart rate, carotid blood flow, and lactate and cortisol levels and significantly decreased pH and Po(2). CONCLUSION: Cutaneous electrical stimulation in the fetal sheep causes an increase in heart rate, which fentanyl does not block. Fentanyl itself has significant effects on the cardiovascular and endocrine system, which might adversely affect the fetus.
Analgesics, Opioid↗
Follow-up of participants in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study: Examining their health-related fitness and risk factors as adults.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of daily physical education in primary school on some indices of fitness (PWC170/kg, handgrip strength, sit and reach flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, and balance), cardiovascular health (lipid profile, waist-to-hip ratio), and anthropometry in the adult years. Four subsamples of participants in the Trois-Rivières Growth and Development Study were examined: experimental men (n = 32), experimental women (n = 36), control men (n = 30), and control women (n = 35), some 20 years after completion of primary school. During 6 years of primary school education, the experimental group received 5 h of physical education each week, whereas the control group received only the typical Provincial program of a single 40-min period per week. Experimental men and women showed a significant advantage over their respective control groups on the Flamingo balance test, but scores for the remaining physical and health-related fitness tests (PWC170, handgrip strength, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo B, triglycerides, blood pressures, waist-to-hip ratio and percentage of body fat) did not differ between experimental and control subjects. It is concluded that participants in a daily physical education program during primary school do not display any advantage of physical fitness over control subjects as adults. This underlines the necessity of stimulating physical functions throughout the lifespan in order to maintain physical fitness. However, the better result of experimental subjects on the balance test suggests, perhaps, that the school physical education program may have had a more permanent effect on some components of motor skills. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:207-213, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Journal Article↗
Sexual intercourse for cervical ripening and induction of labour.
BACKGROUND: The role of prostaglandins for cervical ripening and induction of labour has been examined extensively. Human semen is the biological source that is presumed to contain the highest prostaglandin concentration. The role of sexual intercourse in the initiation of labour is uncertain. The action of sexual intercourse in stimulating labour is unclear, it may in part be due to the physical stimulation of the lower uterine segment, or endogenous release of oxytocin as a result of orgasm or from the direct action of prostaglandins in semen. Furthermore nipple stimulation may be part of the process of initiation. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised methodology. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of sexual intercourse for third trimester cervical ripening or induction of labour in comparison with other methods of induction. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and bibliographies of relevant papers. Last searched: November 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: (1) clinical trials comparing sexual intercourse for third trimester cervical ripening or labour induction with placebo/no treatment or other methods listed above it on a predefined list of labour induction methods; (2) random allocation to the treatment or control group; (3) adequate allocation concealment; (4) violations of allocated management not sufficient to materially affect conclusions; (5) clinically meaningful outcome measures reported; (6) data available for analysis according to the random allocation; (7) missing data insufficient to materially affect the conclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A strategy has been developed to deal with the large volume and complexity of trial data relating to labour induction. This involves a two-stage method of data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: There was one included study of 28 women which reported very limited data, from which no meaningful conclusions can be drawn. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The role of sexual intercourse as a method of induction of labour is uncertain. Any future trials investigating sexual intercourse as a method of induction need to be of sufficient power to detect clinically relevant differences in standard outcomes. However, it may prove difficult to standardise sexual intercourse as an intervention to allow meaningful comparisons with other methods of induction of labour.
Cervical Ripening↗
Antigen-initiated B lymphocyte differentiation: non-specific stimulation changes the physical properties of virgin AFC-progenitors in neonatal mouse spleen.
While the virgin AFC-progenitors for an adoptive immune response in neonatal germ-free CBA mouse spleen are small, dense cells, the equivalent cells in the adult are a larger, lighter density population. The effects of injections of unrelated antigens on the physical properties of the AFC-progenitors in neonatal spleen were investigated to test the postulate that the physically distinct "virgin" AFC-progenitors in the adult arose by a process of non-specific activation. Spleen cells from 7-day-old germ-free CBA mice were separated by sedimentation at unit gravity or by density on continuous albumin gradients, and the fractions were tested for NIP-specific AFC-progenitor activity using an adoptive immune assay which gave a direct linear measure of B cell activity. If the donor neonatal animals were injected one day previously with POL or PPD, the NIP-specific AFC-progenitor activity shifted from the typical small, dense lymphocytes to larger, lighter cells. The physical properties of these stimulated AFC-progenitors resembled those of IgM AFC-progenitors in normal adult mice. These results experimentally confirm the theory that environmental stimuli induce a non-specific "activation" of a particular subset of "virgin" B cells.
Animals↗
Use of tolazoline as an antagonist to xylazine-ketamine-induced immobilization in African elephants.
A group of 15 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) were immobilized with a combination of xylazine (0.2 mg/kg of body weight, IM) and ketamine (1 to 1.5 mg/kg of body weight, IM). Ten of the African elephants were allowed to remain recumbent for 30 minutes and the remaining 5 elephants, for 45 minutes before they were given tolazoline (0.5 mg/kg of body weight, IV). For the group of 15, the mean induction time (the time required from injection of the xylazine-ketamine combination until onset of recumbency) was 14.2 +/- 4.35 minutes (mean +/- SD), and standing time (the time required from the tolazoline injection until the elephant stood without stimulation or assistance) was 2.8 +/- 0.68 minutes. All of the elephants were physically stimulated (by pushing, slapping, shouting) before they were given tolazoline, and none could be aroused. After tolazoline was given and the elephant was aroused, relapses to recumbency did not occur. Recovery was characterized by mild somnolence in an otherwise alert and responsive animal. Failure (no arousal) rates were 0% (95% confidence interval, 0 to 0.3085) for elephants given tolazoline after 30 minutes of recumbency and 100% for elephants that were not given tolazoline. There was no significant (P less than 0.05) difference in standing time 30 or 45 minutes after tolazoline injection.
Animals↗
[The use of stimulants with heavy physical loads].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Serum corticosterone response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation in Florida sandhill cranes.
Florida sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis pratensis) were conditioned to confinement in an enclosure for 7 days, 6 hr a day. On day 8, cranes were catheterized and then confined in an enclosure. Venous blood (2 ml) was collected through the catheter and an attached IV line immediately before (-60 min) and 60 min after (0 min) confinement. Using a randomization table and a restricted cross-over experimental design, cranes were injected intravenously with either saline (control) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; cosyntropin, Cortrosyn; 0.25 mg). At 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min after injection, blood samples were collected and assayed for corticosterone. The cranes receiving ACTH increased their serum corticosterone concentrations as much as fivefold above baseline concentrations. Serum corticosterone concentrations remained significantly elevated for approximately 60 min after ACTH stimulation. Physical restraint and catheterization caused an increase in serum corticosterone almost comparable to that induced by ACTH stimulation. In cranes injected with saline, serum corticosterone decreased within 1 hr after physical restraint and catheterization, and remained at lower levels throughout the remaining 5 hr of confinement.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Psychological mechanisms in hypochondriasis: attention-induced physical symptoms without sensory stimulation.
Attention and expectancy have, in previous research, been demonstrated to influence symptom reporting and these findings can be relevant for understanding hypochondriasis. Earlier attention/expectancy effects on symptom reporting were studied when subjects were physically stimulated by the experimenter. If attention or expectancy produced symptom reporting, which plays a role in hypochondriasis, one expects that attention/expectancy will also produce symptoms in the absence of any deliberate physical stimulation. Eighty healthy volunteers were allocated to one of four groups: attention, expectancy, attention plus expectancy or a control condition. Compared to the control condition there was much higher symptom reporting in the 3 experimental groups. The experimental groups did not differ. It is argued that the effects of expectancy are obtained via increased attention. The relevance of the findings for understanding hypochondriasis is discussed.
Adult↗
The upregulation of plasticity-related proteins following TBI is disrupted with acute voluntary exercise.
Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), the brain undergoes a period of metabolic and neurochemical alterations that may compromise the reactivity of neuroplasticity-related molecular systems to physiological stimulation. In order to address the molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity following TBI and the effects of physical stimulation in the acute phase of TBI, levels of intracellular signaling molecules were assessed following voluntary exercise. Lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) and sham-operated (Sham) rats were housed with or without access to a running wheel (RW) from postsurgery day 0 to 6. Parietal and occipital cortical tissues were analyzed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). In addition, synapsin I, phospho-synapsin I, cyclic-AMP response-element-binding protein (CREB), phospho-CREB, calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase I and II (MAPKI and MAPKII), and protein kinase C (PKC) were analyzed by western blot. Results from this study indicated that FPI alone lead to significant increases in synapsin I, CAMKII, and phosphorylated (P) MAPKI (p44) and MAPKII (p42). Exercise in the sham operates led to significant cortical increases of CREB and synapsin I. However, in the FPI rats, the response to exercise was opposite to that seen in the shams in that exercise resulted in significant decreases of CREB, synapsin I, PKC, CAMKII, MAPKI, and MAPKII. Indeed, all the observed proteins in the acutely exercised FPI rats tended to be lower compared to the FPI sedentary (Sed) rats. These results indicate that intracellular signaling proteins are increased during the first week following FPI and that premature voluntary exercise may compromise plasticity.
Animals↗
Forebrain expression of c-fos due to active maternal behaviour in lactating rats.
To reveal brain sites simultaneously active during the expression of maternal behaviour in lactating rats, we used immunocytochemical visualization of the nuclear protein product Fos of the immediate-early gene c-fos as a marker of neuronal activity. After a 48 h separation from their litter, day 7 postpartum dams received a 1 h period of physical interaction with pups either capable or incapable of suckling, inaccessible pups in a wire-mesh box, an empty box, or no stimulation. Physical interaction with pups elicited high levels of pronurturant maternal behaviour (retrieval, licking, mouthing), and suckling elicited nursing behaviour as well. Exposure to the box, with or without pups, elicited high levels of investigatory sniffing, self-grooming, and general activity. Distal stimulation from pups did not differentially activate Fos in any of 20 sites, including olfactory-processing structures such as the piriform cortex and medial amygdala. Physical interaction with pups, with or without suckling, elicited higher levels of Fos-immunoreactive nuclei than that of other conditions in numerous sites, including many previously implicated in maternal behaviour (medial preoptic nucleus, nucleus accumbens, lateral septum, lateral habenula, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis). Similar group patterns of Fos expression also occurred in sites not previously implicated in maternal behaviour (somatosensory cortex and paraventricular thalamic nucleus). Interaction with nonsuckling pups elicited the highest levels of Fos in the cortical amygdala, whereas suckling did not activate higher Fos than nonsuckling interaction in any site included in this report, including hypothalamic nuclei involved in lactation (paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate). There was little or no Fos in cingulate cortex, olfactory tubercle, medial septum, medial habenula, or ventromedial hypothalamus. These data suggest that trigeminal stimuli received by lactating rats during the performance of pronurturant maternal behaviour promote cellular activity resulting in neuronal expression of c-fos in many forebrain sites including the medial preoptic nucleus, several sites connected with it that are part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system, and in the somatosensory cortex. In contrast, in these forebrain sites suckling does not elicit greater levels of Fos than that seen in nonsuckled rats and distal stimuli from pups are ineffective in increasing Fos levels compared with non-stimulated controls.
Animals↗
Exposure to pulsed low intensity ultrasound stimulates extracellular matrix metabolism of bovine intervertebral disc cells cultured in alginate beads.
STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study on the effects of pulsed low intensity ultrasound on the cellular metabolism of bovine intervertebral disc cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pulsed low intensity ultrasound has effects on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix metabolism by bovine intervertebral disc cells. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The application of pulsed low intensity ultrasound is known to be effective in stimulating fracture and cartilage repair. However, the effects of pulsed low intensity ultrasound on intervertebral disc cells are not known. METHODS: Cells of the nucleus pulposus and inner and outer anulus fibrosus were enzymatically isolated from bovine coccygeal tissue and precultured in alginate beads for 14 days. In the ultrasound group, pulsed low intensity ultrasound was administered to the culture for 20 minutes daily for an additional 20 days. The control group was cultured in the same way but without administration of ultrasound. Cell viability, DNA content, proteoglycan and collagen synthesis, and proteoglycan content at days 10 and 20 after the initiation of treatment were evaluated. Characterization of newly synthesized collagen and proteoglycan was performed. RESULTS: No significant differences in cell viability and DNA content were observed between the two groups. On day 20, proteoglycan synthesis was increased by the application of pulsed low intensity ultrasound in nucleus pulposus and inner and outer anulus fibrosus cells (24%-26% increase, P < 0.001). The application of pulsed low intensity ultrasound increased proteoglycan content in alginate beads containing inner and outer anulus fibrosus cells (P < 0.05). Collagen synthesis by cells isolated from all three zones of the intervertebral disc was increased by the application of pulsed low intensity ultrasound (16%-19% increase, P < 0.05-0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The application of pulsed low intensity ultrasound stimulated extracellular matrix metabolism in intervertebral disc cells. Pulsed low intensity ultrasound may prove useful for the physical stimulation of cell metabolism for tissue engineering of intervertebral disc tissue.
Animals↗
Electroencephalographic responses and subjective evaluation on unpleasantness induced by sanitary napkins.
Correlation of unpleasantness and electroencephalography (EEG)-based responses induced by persistent mechanical/dry stimulation and acute wet stimulation via wearing sanitary napkins (SN) was investigated in the present study. Mesh and nonwoven SN were employed, and the effects were studied during the follicular and menstrual phases. The mesh SN characteristically displayed a higher textural surface-roughness. The results in the follicular phase revealed no change in EEG responses to nonwoven SN-induced persistent mechanical stimulation, while the same dry stimulus induced significant increases in alpha2 and beta activities in the bilateral frontal areas accompanied by markedly exacerbated unpleasantness with mesh compared with nonwoven SN. The present result with SN application confirms the previous finding that unpleasantness is well correlated with EEG responses of bilateral frontal areas. Interestingly, although the alpha2 activities were enhanced more with mesh than nonwoven SN during the menstrual phase, unpleasantness between the two textural materials was not different. Moreover, it is suggested that acute unpleasantness induced by wet stimulation is related with elevated EEG responses in the left hemisphere. These data suggest that subjective evaluation of effects of physical stimulation on the human body may not be adequately reliable, and objective assessment of physiological activities with EEG is warranted.
Adult↗
Anhedonia and blunted affect in major depressive disorder.
The relation between anhedonia and affective flattening was studied in 61 normal subjects and 61 major depressives. Affective flattening and anhedonia were defined by the following self-rating scales: Fawcett-Clark Pleasure Capacity Scale (FCPCS), Hardy Displeasure Capacity Scale (HDCS), FCPCS-PP (subscale of physical pleasure), and HDCS-PD (subscale of physical displeasure). The depressives are more sensitive to displeasure and more anhedonic than controls. Concerning physical stimulations (FCPCS-PP and HDCS-PD) in the depressed group, anhedonia and affective flattening are not linked, suggesting that physical anhedonia is not secondary to low emotional reactivity (affective flattening) and constitutes an independent dimension.
Adult↗