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Results for “Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion”

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PubMed2005

[Relationship between invasive pituitary adenomas and cavernus sinus and cariod artery and surgical outcomes].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between invasive pituitary adenomas and cavernus sinus and cariod artery and to predict their surgical outcomes. METHODS: Totally 270 patients with pituitary tumors were investigated in this retrospective study, including 113 men and 157 women, with a mean age of 40.8 years. The mean disease history was 3.6 years. Pituitary microadenomas were diagnosed in 56 cases, macroadenomas in 118 cases, and hugeadenomas in 96 cases. Adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing adenomas (Cushing's diseases) were diagnosed in 40 cases, growth hormone-releasing adenomas in 58 cases, prolactinomas in 57 cases, and non-functional pituitary adenomas in 115 cases. Transsphenoidal microsurgery were performed on 260 patients, while transcranial microsurgery on 6 patients. RESULTS: The percentage of invasive pituitary adenomas was about 3.6% in microadenomas, 20.4% in macroadenomas, and 61.4% in hugeadenomas. Rate of total removal was 94.1% in non-invasive pituitary adenomas, and was 58.8% in invasive pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to analyze the grade of invasive pituitary adenomas to improve the removal of pituitary adenomas, avoid injuring cariod artery, and increase the rate of total removal.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

Incidence of pituitary tumors in the human population of Croatia.

Pituitary tumors are rare tumors (less then 10%) of the central nervous system (CNS), which malignicity depends on their localization, meanwhile, their biological nature is benign. The diameter they have is mostly less then 10 mm (microadenomas), but sometimes could be 10 mm (macroadenomas) to 5 cm and more and then are usually nonfunctional (about 20% of all pituitary tumors). Clinical presence depends on their localisation and hormonal activity. In the Center for Clinical Neuroendocrinology and Pituitary Diseases, in the last working 10 years, there were treated and examined 504 patients from Croatia, all with pituitary tumors: 182 patients with prolactinomas, 137 with acromegaly, 70 with Morbus Cushing (Mb. Cushing), and 115 patients with nonfunctional pituitary tumors. The patient's classification is based on regional (Mediterranean and continental region, 20 counties) and the state level. In our analysis we haven't found difference in incidence of tumors between Mediterranean and continental region.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2005

Pre-clinical and clinical experiences with novel somatostatin ligands: advantages, disadvantages and new prospects.

Since the cloning and characterization of the five human somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes, our understanding of the expression and functional role of the five SSTR subtypes in human (neuro-)endocrine tumors has increased significantly. The majority of human (neuro-)endocrine tumors express multiple SSTR. GH-secreting pituitary adenomas preferentially express SSTR2 and SSTR5, prolactinomas SSTR1 and SSTR5, and corticotroph adenomas express SSTR2 (low number) and predominantly SSTR5s. In addition, gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors frequently express multiple SSTR as well, with SSTR2 being expressed at the highest level. Treatment with the current generation of octapeptide somatostatin-analogs, e.g. octreotide and lanreotide, normalizes circulating GH- and IGF-I levels in approximately 60-70% of acromegalic patients, thereby remaining about one-third of patients uncontrolled. In patients with GEP neuroendocrine tumors, both somatostatin-analogs effectively suppress the production of bioactive peptides and hormones by the tumor cells, resulting in an important improvement of the related clinical symptomatology. However, a considerable proportion of patients experience an escape from treatment within months to several years. Altogether, the current generation of somatostatin analogs are effective medical tools in the treatment of acromegalic patients and of patients with neuroendocrine GEP tumors, but there is certainly a need for novel somatostatin analogs. In recent years, a significant number of novel somatostatin-ligands has been developed. These ligands include SSTR selective-, bi-specific, universal, as well as chimeric dopamine (DA)-somatostatin ligands. In vitro studies using human pituitary adenoma cells demonstrate a more profound inhibition of GH, PRL and ACTH secretion by somatostatin-analogs targeting both SSTR2s and SSTR5s, compared with SSTR2-preferential somatostatin-analogs. This likely reflects the SSTR subtype expression pattern in the adenoma cells. A first proof-of-concept trial with the more universal somatostatin-ligand SOM230 in 12 acromegalic patients shows that a single dose of SOM230 is effective in suppressing circulating GH concentrations in a significant larger number of patients compared with octreotide. In animal models, SOM230 has a better effect on GH and IGF-I level with less signs of tachyphylaxis compared with octreotide. Depending on the SSTR expression pattern on neuroendocrine GEP tumors, somatostatin-analogs targeting multiple SSTRs may play a future role in the more long-term control of patients with neuroendocrine GEP tumors. The first clinical trial comparing octreotide and SOM230 is ongoing. However, every advantage has its disadvantage. Targeting multiple SSTR potentially induces more adverse effects as well. Especially, glucose homeostasis might induce new problems in the long-term use of universal ligands.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2006

[Cushing disease].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

[Factors influencing the recurrence of Cushing's disease treated by transsphenoidal surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To explore factors influencing the recurrence of patients with Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 182 patients treated by transsphenoidal surgery with Cushing's disease in our department in PUMC Hospital from 1992 to 2002. RESULTS: The recurrence rates were significantly different when patients had different radiological findings (P = 0.001), operative methods (P = 0.001), histological findings (P = 0.04), and postoperative cortisol levels (P = 0.02); however, such difference was not found in term of tumor size (P = 0.43). CONCLUSION: Radiological findings, operative methods, histological findings, and postoperative cortisol estimates may be the factors influencing the recurrence of patients treated by transsphenoidal surgery.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

[Minimally invasive surgery of the pituitary and the sellar region].

INTRODUCTION: New minimal invasive neurosurgical approaches for the treatment of diseases in the sellar and perisellar regions (superciliary and paraseptal approach, perioperative ACTH measurements, application of endoscopes and neuronavigation) were introduced by the author. The modified surgical techniques were applied by the author successfully in the treatment of more than 1000 cases, of which the data of 746 patients were analysed and the results are presented. METHODS AND RESULTS: The results of the clinical studies concerning superciliary and paraseptal approaches were as follows: length of the operations and, loss of blood were decreased, the patients needed shorter anesthesia and the treatment cost became lower. The approaches were performed without hair cutting with excellent cosmetic results leading to easier resocialisation of the patients. In the group of the patients operated on through the superciliary approach postoperative vasospasm developed in significantly lower rate, the number of days spent in the intensive care unit decreased and the rate of patients on discharge in good clinical condition were higher. The study on perioperative plasma ACTH simultaneous measurements with rapid and standard methods revealed first in the literature that, during anaesthesia in patients with ACTH producing adenoma the plasma ACTH level changed individually. There was no difference between arterial and venous plasma ACTH concentration in the same patient and the ACTH concentration in the bleedings from the peripituitary bony structures are individually variable, representing the network of the venous outflow of the pituitary. The decrease in the plasma ACTH concentrations in the peripheral venous samples two hours after operation and next morning proved the radical removal of the adenoma. The differences between concentrations in the left and right sides indicate the intrapituitary lateralization of the adenoma. The study on the usefulness of neuroendoscopy and neuronavigation in the author's hand revealed the advantages and disadvantages of these new neurosurgical instruments. CONCLUSIONS: With the advent of the minimal invasive methods in surgery of the pituitary and the sellar region the mortality end the morbidity of the operations decreased.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical features and treatment in Cushing's disease. 18 cases].

We report a retrospective study about 18 Cushing's diseases in the department of endocrinology at Charles Nicolle hospital in 24 years. The mean age was 33.7 years with a male-female ratio of 4/14. Diagnosis was established on adrenocorticotropin hormone analysis and pituitary imaging. Transsphenoidal adenomectomy was released in 8 cases of Cushing's disease, it was successful in 5 patients (62.5%). Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in three cases.

Adenoma↗