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Results for “Program Acceptability”

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PubMed1987

Effects of social supports on attitudes and health behaviors of pregnant adolescents.

The influence of social support on maternal attitudes and behaviors was assessed in 57 third-trimester adolescent women attending an urban prenatal clinic. Sociodemographic characteristics, social support, self-esteem, and feelings about pregnancy were measured by questionnaire. The support and influence of the adolescent father was emphasized. Social support was measured as a multidimensional construct derived by a priori and empirical procedures. The outcomes measured were the amount of prenatal care, attendance at scheduled postpartum appointments, and pleasure with the pregnancy. Stepwise multiple-regression analyses were used to assess the contributions of the predictor to criterion variables. Pleasure with pregnancy was positively associated with the receipt of assistance from the adolescent's mother, favorable opinions of friends, and satisfaction with living arrangements. Attendance at postpartum visits was associated with high self-esteem. Notably absent as significant contributors were sociodemographic characteristics, receipt of emotional and tangible support from the adolescent father, and expectation of aid from social-assistance programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Adolescents' willingness to use a school-based clinic in view of expressed health concerns.

A health needs assessment was developed to facilitate implementation of a comprehensive school-based adolescent clinic. Students were asked about their willingness to use a school-based clinic for certain health and emotional problems. Six hundred students in grades 9 through 12 completed anonymous self-administered questionnaires. Twenty-eight percent of respondents reported recently feeling depressed; 12% reported a prior suicide attempt. Twenty-five percent of students felt they were overweight. Of 56% who had experienced intercourse at least once, only one third had ever used birth control. Twenty-one percent smoked cigarettes and 27% marijuana, 24% used other drugs, and 38% used alcohol. Students who reported depression and past suicide attempts were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.001) more willing to use the clinic for counseling needs than students not so reporting. Those with perceived weight problems reported more willingness to use a school clinic for nutrition information than those who did not feel overweight. Currently sexually active students were also more willing (p less than or equal to 0.001) than nonsexually active students to use the clinic for sexuality information and sexually transmitted disease screens. Respondents who used drugs, alcohol, or cigarettes, however, were no more willing than nonsubstance-using peers to use clinic services for relevant health information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

School-based clinic use and other factors affecting adolescent contraceptive behavior.

Adolescent risk taking, preventive behavior, and contraceptive use were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire in a sample of 260 inner-city high school students targeted by a school-based health clinic. Multivariate models consisting of individual and environmental variables significantly predicted sexual activity and contraceptive use. Older age at first intercourse, higher number of welfare benefits received by the household (including Medicaid, food stamps, and free or reduced price lunch), and use of the school-based clinic were significant positive predictors of more frequent contraceptive use by adolescents. Results of our study suggest that programs may be having some success in encouraging and enabling sexually active adolescents to use contraception and to use it more consistently. Rigorous program evaluations should help program planners and policy makers design and refine adolescent pregnancy-prevention efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Incentives and their influence on appointment compliance in a teenage family-planning clinic.

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not the family-planning compliance patterns of indigent adolescents could be influenced by various types of incentives. From February 1988 through January 1989, 534 postpartum inner city teenagers, aged 12-19, who delivered at a large city-county public hospital, participated. Teens were randomly assigned to two treatment groups that either offered a coupon for milk for the infant or a gift for the teenage mother if they returned for their postpartum visit 4-6 weeks after delivery. A third group, which used no incentive for appointment keeping, acted as a control. Although overall compliance was low, a significant relationship was found between type of program incentive and compliance outcome. The program using milk coupons as an incentive had the best compliance rate. This incentive appeared to be most effective with black adolescents. Such incentive programs, although not without controversy, offer a potential way to enhance postpartum contraceptive appointment-keeping compliance in a high-risk population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Two hundred and seventy cases of artificial donor insemination: management and results.

Whenever male infertility is resistant to therapy, artificial donor insemination (AID) may be employed as a very efficient tool to provide the infertile couple with the desired child. Two hundred and seventy cases of AID were reviewed for the following information: indication for AID, age of the female partner, length and type of infertility, socioeconomic state, ovulatory pattern prior to and following initiation of the AID program, acceptance of the procedure by the male partner, and outcome of pregnancies. The over-all pregnancy rate was 85.2%. There were 159 live births, 2 perinatal deaths, 38 spontaneous abortions, 1 ectopic pregnancy, and 1 therapeutic abortion due to rubella infection. Forty patients discontinued treatment with or without notification. Treatment success was significantly affected by age of the woman, duration of infertility, socioeconomic state of the couple, and the husband's acceptance of the AID procedure. Of all pregnancies, 86.5% occurred within six treatment cycles. Repeated pregnancies required similar numbers of treatment courses per pregnancy.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1976

Computerized data analysis of amino acids in physiologic fluids.

A Fortran IV computer program is described which identifies, computes, and statistically evaluates amino acid concentrations determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer in physiologic fluids. The program accepts retention time and intergrated peak areas from two calibration standards for identification and computational reference. Two internal standards are used to compensate for variations in injector performance and ninhydrin decay. Calibration standard responses are statistically treated to assist in detection of equipment malfunction. The statistical data base is automatically explanded through inclusion of data from normal patients. Amino acid concentrations are printed with appropriate mean and standard deviation values in a format acceptable as a final report.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Trial of anonymous versus confidential human immunodeficiency virus testing.

Before December, 1986, all public human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in Oregon was done confidentially (using names). In December, clients were offered the option of either anonymous or confidential services. As judged by questionnaire responses, the availability of anonymity increased overall demand for testing by 50%: 125% for homosexual/bisexual (gay) men, 56% for female prostitutes, 17% for intravenous drug users, and 32% for other clients. The number of gay clients who had tests increased from a mean of 42 per month during the 4 months before anonymity was available to 108 per month during the 4 months after, whereas, at public sites in Colorado or California and private sites in Oregon, the number of gay clients tested did not increase. Twice as many seropositive persons were identified during the 3 1/2 months after anonymity became available (n = 85) as in the 3 1/2 months before (n = 36). Thus, availability of anonymous HIV testing and counselling drew gay men who had not sought services under a confidential testing system.

California↗
PubMed1988

Factors influencing breast-feeding among adolescents.

During a 15-month study period, 244 adolescent mothers under 18 years of age were surveyed, of whom 53% elected to breast-feed. A subset of 60 primiparous breast-feeding adolescents were studied regarding the influence of several factors on the duration of breast-feeding. An attitude questionnaire was administered in the hospital within 48 hours of delivery. Follow-up interviews were obtained by telephone or in person at approximately 2 weeks and 2 months after birth. Eighty-three percent made the decision to breast-feed before the third trimester. Thirty-five percent discontinued breast-feeding within the first postpartum month, the most common reason being "nipple confusion" in the infant; 22% nursed for more than 1 month but less than 2 months, and 43% breast-fed for 2 months or more. None of the variables examined (maternal age, ethnic group, education level, involvement of the baby's father, timing of the breast-feeding decision, intended duration of breast-feeding, age at which formula supplementation was started, or availability of maternal support) was predictive of the duration of breast-feeding. Contrary to adolescent stereotypes, 65% of mothers chose breast-feeding because it was "good for the baby," and 67% identified the "closeness" of the nursing relationship as the most enjoyable part of breast-feeding. Twenty-eight percent cited modesty issues about breast-feeding as the greatest disadvantage, and 17% returned to work or school within the first 2 postpartum months, posing additional obstacles to breast-feeding. Our data suggest that adolescents are receptive to breast-feeding, but they may require close follow-up and anticipatory guidance tailored to their individual needs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Contraceptive practice of Irish married and single first-time mothers.

This study surveys 100 married and 100 unmarried primiparous mothers, attending the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, with regard to their contraceptive practice, their planning of their pregnancy and the timing of their first antenatal visit. Nineteen per cent of the married women, but 64% of the unmarried women, had never used any contraceptive method. The contraceptive pill was the most popular method for both groups, but while three in five of the married women had at some time used the pill, only a little more than one in five of the unmarried women had ever used it. One quarter of the women who had used contraception reported that their pregnancy was the result of a failure in their contraceptive method. Eighty-nine per cent of the single group and 20% of the married had not planned their pregnancy. None of the married women, but almost a quarter of the single, delayed their first antenatal visit until after they were 20 weeks pregnant.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1986

DIGICALC: a restriction fragment analysis program.

DIGICALC is a program designed to aid in the acquisition, storage, and analysis of nucleic acid restriction fragment data. The chief considerations during program design were (i) ease of use for people with varying degrees of computer experience, (ii) minimal hardware requirements (e.g. an IBM PC), (iii) portability and ease of modification, and (iv) improved functionality in sizing and comparing restriction fragments over manual methods. The program accepts manual or digitizer input of nucleic acid fragment mobility, calculates the fragments' sizes, and provides the means to search the fragment database and to produce charts of fragment sizes.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mouse linkage map. A computer program.

Computer programs have been developed to serve as a method for storing, retrieving, and sorting mouse linkage data. The programs accept and store raw data and reference information for gene linkage; calculate recombination values for each data set and for combined data sets; retrieve, sort, and print-out raw data, references, and recombination values; and generate linkage maps.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lessons for teaching cost containment.

Increasing financial restrictions on hospitals by the federal government and changing physician reimbursement procedures make it more important to control the use of medical care resources by physicians. A prospective controlled study was made of an educational program for the medical and surgical house staffs and for medical students designed to reduce unneeded orders for low cost, high volume ancillary and nursing services. The program was comprised of six mutually reinforcing components: lectures, medical record audits and reviews, group feedback in the form of cost summaries containing information on unnecessary ordering, hospital price booklets, current patient bills, and pertinent journal articles. Operating at a time of retrospective hospital cost reimbursement, the program achieved only modest reductions in the residents' and students' use of hospital services and no substantive effect upon hospital costs. However, the program participants accepted the program enthusiastically. Several factors crucial to such educational cost containment programs were identified. The authors believe that experience with the program has valuable lessons for other hospitals initiating cost-control efforts.

California↗
PubMed1992

ADA dental product evaluation: case history.

The ADA Acceptance Programs entail a rigorous evaluation of products and offer clear benefits to manufacturers, dental professionals, and consumers alike. This paper outlines the implications of the ADA product-evaluation programs for each of these three constituencies and concludes that while there may be an occasional downside from the manufacturer's standpoint, their net effect is to provide assurances that products are safe, efficacious, and promoted properly.

American Dental Association↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A national survey of medical risk assessment instruction in general practice residency programs (Part II).

This is the second part of a three-part series reporting a national survey of general practice residency directors and their evaluation of the medical risk assessment (MRA) instruction curriculum in their programs. The purpose of Part II is to evaluate the degree of success of the implementation of the ADA Commission on Accreditation's standard for MRA programs. Acceptable levels of achievement were attained in most areas of basic and intermediate-level skills. However, approximately one-third to one-half of general practice residency directors report that they are not achieving the standard for some intermediate or advanced assessment skills. When various instructor categories were compared, physicians scored significantly higher than oral and maxillofacial surgeons or other dentists in their ability to achieve acceptable outcomes in MRA instruction. The results of this survey, coupled with available literature concerning medical risk assessment instruction, support that changes in the undergraduate curriculum, a mandatory additional year of training, or modification of defined goals and outcomes should be considered.

American Dental Association↗