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Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

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PubMed2003

Psychosocial functioning of the adult with congenital heart disease: a 20-33 years follow-up.

AIMS: Since knowledge about the psychosocial function of adult patients with congenital heart disease is limited, we compared biographical characteristics, and emotional and social functioning of these patients with that of the reference groups. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with congenital heart disease (N=362, aged 20-46 years), belonging to five diagnostic groups, were subjected to extensive medical and psychological examination, 20-33 years after their first open heart surgery. All the patients were seen by the same psychologist, who examined their psychosocial functioning using a structured interview and questionnaires. The majority (78%)was living independently and showed favourable outcome regarding the marital status. Among married/cohabitant patients, 25-39-year-olds showed normal offspring rates. None of the 20-24-year-old patients had any children. The offspring rate dropped after the age of 40. The proportion of adult patients with a history of special education was high (27%). Accordingly, patients showed lower educational and occupational levels compared to reference groups. As regard to the emotional and social functioning (leisure-time activities), the sample showed favourable results. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this sample of patients with congenital heart disease seemed capable of leading normal lives and seemed motivated to make good use of their abilities.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Swedish obese subjects (SOS)--an intervention study of obesity. Baseline evaluation of health and psychosocial functioning in the first 1743 subjects examined.

This part of an on-going intervention trial analyses impacts of obesity on psychosocial factors and health. The study sample comprised 800 obese men (BMI > or = 34 kg/m2) and 943 women (BMI > or = 38 kg/m2) ranging in age from 37 to 57 years. All participants completed standardized health-related quality of life measures, a validated obesity-specific eating inventory and study-specific questionnaires on current and past health status, use of medical care and medications, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, physical activity habits, weight history and familial history of obesity. Chronic patients and population samples were used as reference. The obese reported distinctly poorer current health and less positive mood states than the reference subjects, women being worse than men. Anxiety and/or depression on a level indicating psychiatric morbidity were more often seen in the obese and again women reported more affliction than men. Furthermore, the average poor mental well-being was worst than in chronically ill or injured patients, such as rheumatoid, cancer survivors and spinal cord injured persons. Predictors of perceived health and psychosocial functioning could be discerned using a comprehensive system of statistical analyses (16-28% explained variance). A background of both somatic and psychiatric morbidity was decisive for the health and psychosocial functioning in the obese; joint symptoms and angina pectoris dominated among somatic variables. Physical inactivity was the most prominent of traditional risk factors. The number of dieting attempts and body image were important weight correlates. Our results provide further evidence to the effect that severe obesity is a crippling condition.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Psychosocial functioning and dental factors in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders: a case-control study.

AIMS: To examine the influence of psychosocial functioning and dental factors in adolescents with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) versus healthy subjects. METHODS: The TMD sample comprised 63 patients (21 boys and 42 girls, 33% and 67%, respectively, with a mean age of 14.9 years; range 12 to 18 years) and was compared with 64 healthy control subjects (17 boys and 47 girls, 27% and 73%, respectively, with a mean age of 14.8 years). Subjects in the TMD group had to report pain once a week or more and to have a TMD pain diagnosis according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. Participants were clinically examined and filled out a questionnaire in which self-reported psychosocial functioning was assessed on standardized measures, including the Youth Self-Report (YSR), somatic complaints, and stress. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in dental factors among adolescents in the TMD group compared with those in the control group. Multiple pains in the body and fatigue were significantly more common in the TMD group compared with the control group. Adolescents with TMD also reported significantly higher levels of stress, somatic complaints, and aggressive behavior than their counterparts in the control group. In particular, young adolescents with TMD reported high levels of psychosocial problems. CONCLUSION: In adolescents with TMD, psychosocial factors such as increased levels of stress, somatic complaints, and emotional problems seem to play a more prominent role than dental factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Physical and psychosocial functioning in patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation--a prospective study.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate prospectively physical and psychosocial functioning in patients with malignant blood disorders undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT), and relate the findings to the patients' coping capacity. Twenty patients participated in the study before ABMT, 14 survivors at the 2-6 month follow-up and 12 at the 8-12 month follow-up. Three standardized questionnaires were used: the EORTC QLQ-C30, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale and the Sense of Coherence scale. No significant changes over time were found in the scores of the QLQ-C30 and HAD. Impaired social function, fatigue, dyspnea, financial problems and emotional distress were the most frequently reported deficits. Functional limitations were related to less successful coping. The results indicate that the patients in this study perceive their physical and psychosocial functioning as rather good before, as well as up to 1 year after the ABMT, as measured with the instruments used.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of affective self-regulatory efficacy in diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning.

This prospective study with 464 older adolescents (14 to 19 years at Time 1; 16 to 21 years at Time 2) tested the structural paths of influence through which perceived self-efficacy for affect regulation operates in concert with perceived behavioral efficacy in governing diverse spheres of psychosocial functioning. Self-efficacy to regulate positive and negative affect is accompanied by high efficacy to manage one's academic development, to resist social pressures for antisocial activities, and to engage oneself with empathy in others' emotional experiences. Perceived self-efficacy for affect regulation essentially operated mediationally through the latter behavioral forms of self-efficacy rather than directly on prosocial behavior, delinquent conduct, and depression. Perceived empathic self-efficacy functioned as a generalized contributor to psychosocial functioning. It was accompanied by prosocial behavior and low involvement in delinquency but increased vulnerability to depression in adolescent females.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Psychosocial function in women treated for vaginal agenesis.

The psychosocial functioning of 23 women treated both surgically and nonsurgically for vaginal agenesis was assessed by means of a retrospective questionnaire. Subjects were also physically examined to evaluate anatomic outcome. It was concluded that the patients psychological adjustment before treatment and the sensitivity of her family and medical advisors during treatment took precedence over anatomic results in the eventual resolution of this disorder. Sexual function, emotional stability, self-image, and choice of marital partner in these women are described in some detail and are, in general, far healthier than had been depicted in earlier psychological reports.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

Health-related quality of life and psychosocial function 5 years after orthognathic surgery.

This prospective, multisite, randomized clinical trial evaluated the long-term health-related quality of life and psychosocial function of 93 patients after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to correct Class II malocclusion. Patients were evaluated approximately 2 weeks before surgery, and 2 and 5 years after surgery. Scores from the Sickness Impact Profile psychosocial dimension and all of its components showed significant improvement from presurgery to 2 and 5 years postsurgery (P <.05). The overall dimension score also showed significant improvement (P <.05). Change between 2 and 5 years postsurgery was not significant, demonstrating that the improvement was stable between 2 and 5 years. The Oral Health Status Questionnaire showed significant improvement at 2 and 5 years relative to presurgery (P <.05). These improvements also remained stable between 2 and 5 years, with the exception of general oral health. The Symptom Checklist 90 Revised demonstrated significant improvements from presurgery to 2 and 5 years after surgery (P <.05) in all areas except somatization. Results other than somatization did not change significantly between 2 and 5 years, showing that improvements were stable. The 7-point satisfaction scale showed that patients were satisfied with postsurgical results, and their satisfaction was maintained 5 years after surgery. It is concluded that general health-related quality of life, oral health-related quality of life, and psychosocial function show significant improvements after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and the improvements are stable between 2 and 5 years after surgery.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Age-related perception of stature, acceptance of therapy, and psychosocial functioning in human growth hormone-treated girls with Turner's syndrome.

This study evaluated the perception of stature, acceptance of therapy, and psychosocial functioning in relation to age at onset and time on treatment during 2 yr of GH therapy in 31 girls with Turner's syndrome grouped by age (group A: 3.7-5.8 yr, n = 9; group B: 7.2-11.8 yr, n = 13; group C: 12.5-16.4 yr, n = 9). The growth response after 2 yr was significant in the 3 groups when calculated in terms of growth norms for untreated Turner girls (mean increase in height SD score: +1.2, +1.5, and +1.1, respectively). The effect was less marked in terms of growth norms for normal girls, particularly in group B (+0.5 SD score). Height was perceived as a problem by most patients, except in the youngest girls at the start of treatment (group A) and in the majority of the adolescents after 2 yr of GH therapy (group C), without evidence of relation to growth response during therapy. The GH injections were fairly well accepted by all patients, except those younger than 6 yr. In all patients, expected adult height was unrealistic and became more realistic with age, whereas no consistent changes were observed in relation to growth response to GH therapy. The Child Behavior Checklist revealed elevated mean scores at the behavioral subscales of attention problems (group A and B), social problems, withdrawal, and anxiety-depression (most obviously in group B). No significant changes were seen during GH therapy. In group C, an elevated mean social problem score at the Youth Self Report and a low mean social self-esteem score at the Self-Esteem Inventory were observed before therapy and showed a significant improvement during 2 yr of GH treatment. These results, however, might be biased due to an increase in social desirability during therapy. We conclude that the perception of height, acceptance of GH therapy, and psychosocial functioning in girls with Turner's syndrome show important differences between age groups, with only slight changes observed during GH therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Change in psychosocial functioning and social relations among women in residential substance abuse treatment.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which psychosocial functioning and social relationships changed during the first 3 months of treatment among women in a residential substance abuse program that emphasizes the importance of developing healthy relationships. METHODS: Participants included 77 female clients admitted to the Salvation Army First Choice (FC) Program in Fort Worth, TX. Assessments of psychological functioning, family relations, and peer relations were administered at treatment entry and again after 3 months. Relationships with clients in treatment and friends outside treatment were measured separately. RESULTS: Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) indicated that interpersonal relationships improved. Family networks increased, family cohesion increased, and family conflict decreased. Peer networks changed as well, due in part to new relationships with other clients in treatment. The number of drug-using friends decreased, peer deviance and negative influence decreased, and social conformity among friends increased. There was a corresponding improvement in psychosocial functioning. IMPLICATIONS: Results suggested that relationship-centered treatment for women was effective. Clients reestablished connections with family members, disassociated from drug-using peers, and improved the quality of relationships with family members and friends. Further research is needed in order to examine the influence of specific treatment components and the potential long-term effects of changes in women's relationships.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Couples- versus individual-based therapy for alcohol and drug abuse: effects on children's psychosocial functioning.

The study compared the effect of couples-based versus individual-based therapy for men who entered outpatient substance abuse treatment on the psychosocial functioning of children in their homes. Men were randomly assigned to (a) behavioral couples therapy (BCT), (b) individual-based treatment (IBT), or (c) couples-based psychoeducational attention control treatment (PACT). For both children of alcohol--(N = 71) and drug-abusing men (N = 64), parents' ratings of children's psychosocial functioning was higher for children whose fathers participated in BCT at posttreatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-up than for children whose fathers participated in IBT or PACT. BCT resulted in greater improvements in parents' dyadic adjustment and fathers' substance use. Thus, couples-based intervention that addresses both issues may have greater benefits for children in these homes.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Cognitive predictors of psychosocial functioning outcome in schizophrenia: a follow-up study of subjects participating in a rehabilitation program.

The aims of this prospective study were to explore in subjects with psychosis participating in a rehabilitation program whether cognitive performances at baseline predicted (i) psychosocial functioning over a 15-16 month follow-up; (ii) improvement in psychosocial functioning over the rehabilitation program. Visuo-spatial tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were administered to assess cognitive performance in 55 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who completed a rehabilitation program. The Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS) was used to measure dimensions of community functioning. One subscale of the Client's Assessment of Strengths, Interests, and Goals (CASIG) provided a measure of subjective quality of life (QoL). Improvement was defined as a 15% or more increase in psychosocial scores between baseline and follow-up. Worse baseline sustained attention predicted better self-rated quality of life, and better baseline visual memory predicted better community functioning over the rehabilitation follow-up period, in particular, higher autonomy in activities of daily living, and less physical and psychiatric symptoms that could interfere with rehabilitation. Baseline cognitive performances predicted community functioning improvement during the follow-up period: visual memory predicted improvement in daily living autonomy and in social competence; sustained attention predicted improvement in behavioral problems (such as medication compliance, collaboration with treatment providers or impulse control) and social competence; planning performances predicted improvement in social competence. These cognitive functions could be specifically targeted in a rehabilitation program aimed at enhancing functioning in those particular dimensions.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effects of mood state and psychosocial functioning on plasma Interleukin-6 in adult patients before cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the potential effect of mood states and psychosocial functioning during the waiting weeks prior to major cardiac surgery on the plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in 236 patients immediately before their operation. METHOD: The sample was recruited from patients at the cardiac clinic of the University of Michigan Medical Center (Ann Arbor). Two weeks before cardiac surgery, trained research assistants conducted a face-to-face interview with these middle-aged and older patients on their preoperative physical examination date at the clinic. Standardized instruments were used to assess mood states and psychosocial functioning. The blood samples of 236 patients, obtained on the morning of the operation, were analyzed for plasma IL-6. RESULTS: In bivariate analysis, poor psychological functioning and anxiety, as well as bodily pain and body mass index (BMI), were correlated with plasma IL-6 (p < .05), but sociodemographics, chronic illness and use of psychotropic medications were not. When the effect of bodily pain and BMI were taken into account, partial correlation analysis showed that psychological functioning continued to be associated with plasma IL-6 (p < .05); the association of IL-6 with depression now became significant (p < .05), whereas that with anxiety became even more significant (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative psychological disturbances during the waiting weeks before cardiac surgery may influence the plasma levels of IL-6 immediately prior to the procedure. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be determined.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Personality and psychosocial function after brain injury.

A total of 74 brain-injured patients and 46 non-neurologically matched controls consecutively admitted to a specialist medical rehabilitation unit, were administered the 'Headley Court psychosocial rating scale' and four questionnaires examining personality traits of 'locus of control', 'use of humour', 'optimism' and 'easy-going disposition'. Both pre- and post-injury personality ratings were obtained. The relatives of all participants were sent the same scales. Personality changes are reported in each of the four areas; however, time post-injury appears to be a significant factor in the type of change reported; in this cross-sectional study, at 6 and 12 months post-injury, changes are noted in all variables except locus of control, whereas at 18 months post-injury only 'easy-going disposition' showed significant change, at 24 months post-injury changes were noted in all variables except optimism, and at 30 months post-injury no changes were noted. In the present study, examining a period of 2.5 years post-injury, the personality changes remain static once they have occurred. Despite widespread reports in the literature on the importance of pre- and post-trauma personality to good psychosocial functioning, the present study found that it was only an 'easy-going disposition' post-trauma that was consistently related to good psychosocial functioning. Reasons for this are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1993

Effects of transitory cognitive impairment on psychosocial functioning of children with epilepsy: a therapeutic trial.

The authors report a trial of the use of anti-epileptic medication to treat possible cognitive deficits due to subclinical epileptiform EEG discharges in 10 children with psychosocial and educational problems associated with epilepsy. Medication intended to suppress the EEG discharges was added to the children's existing drug regime. In all instances, epileptiform activity, assessed by 24-hour periods of ambulatory monitoring, was reduced on active medication compared with placebo. In general, there was improvement of psychosocial function on active treatment: eight children improved, there was no change in one and one deteriorated. No psychosocial deterioration attributable to adverse effects of the medication was detected in those completing the trial. Despite possible confounding factors, the findings are in accordance with the view that subclinical EEG discharges can impair psychosocial function, which may be ameliorated by anti-epileptic medication.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

The impact of suicidal ideation in preadolescence, adolescence, and young adulthood on psychosocial functioning and psychopathology in young adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: The long-term psychopathological outcome of suicidal ideation during adolescence in community samples is largely unknown. Data from the epidemiological and longitudinal Zurich Adolescent Psychology and Psychopathology Study (ZAPPS) allowed the testing of whether transient suicidal ideation in preadolescence or adolescence has the same impact on young adult psychopathology as enduring and concomitant suicidality in young adulthood. METHOD: Using various questionnaires on psychosocial functioning and the structured Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the following five groups were compared: preadolescent suicidal ideation only, adolescent suicidal ideation only, young adult suicidal ideation only, enduring suicidality and young adult controls matched by age and gender. RESULTS: The young adult and the enduring risk group were most abnormal in various domains of psychosocial functioning and psychopathology. Whereas these groups differed from controls and the adolescent suicidal risk group, the differentiation from the preadolescent risk group was much weaker. CONCLUSION: There is a heightened risk of abnormal psychosocial and psychopathological functioning for young adult people with enduring and concomitant suicidal ideation and for those who experienced suicidal ideation in preadolescence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2005

Influence of bilateral Stn-stimulation on psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. There is some evidence that subthalamic stimulation not only affects motor function, but also mood, behaviour and cognition. In the present study we investigated the effects of subthalamic stimulation on psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial functioning in a consecutive series of patients with Parkinson's disease. 33 patients were assessed three times prior to surgery and at three, nine weeks as well as three, six and twelve months after surgery. We found significant improvements in depression, anxiety, psychological symptoms and distress after surgery. In most cases the amelioration followed surgery and was stable in the course of time. Individual analysis indicated deterioration in three patients despite motor improvement. The results suggest that stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has a positive influence on psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial functioning and distress. We observed a decline in a minority of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Psychosocial functioning and physical symptoms in heart failure patients: a within-individual approach.

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) markedly diminishes an individual's quality of life. However, little is known about how psychosocial functioning is related to heart failure physical symptom expression (e.g., chest pain or heaviness, shortness of breath) on a day-to-day basis. METHODS: Fifty-eight HF patients completed daily diaries that evaluated mood, social support, coping, and physical symptoms for 2 weeks. RESULTS: After being prewhitened for serial dependencies, the data were entered into regression analyses to determine the concurrent and lagged relationships among them. Significant concurrent relationships were obtained between physical symptoms and depression, social conflict, positive and negative mood, and symptom-focused coping. Furthermore, negative mood and distraction coping predicted greater physical symptoms the next day, while action/acceptance coping predicted fewer physical symptoms the next day. CONCLUSION: Our data provide evidence for an association between daily psychosocial functioning and HF physical symptoms. Implications for research and clinical work with HF patients are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial functioning and quality of life in body dysmorphic disorder.

Psychosocial functioning and quality of life in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have received only limited investigation. We examined these domains in 176 subjects with current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), BDD using reliable measures, several of which have not been used previously in BDD studies. Scores were compared to published norms. On the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey, mental health-related quality of life scores for BDD subjects were approximately 1.8 SD units poorer than US population norms and 0.4 SD units poorer than norms for depression. On the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form, BDD subjects had a mean converted score of 49.9% +/- 16.4%, which was 2.1 SD units poorer than the normative community sample score of 78.1% +/- 13.7%. On the Social Adjustment Scale-Self-Report, BDD subjects had a mean Overall Adjustment total score of 2.37 +/- 0.52, which was 2.4 SD units poorer than the published norm of 1.59 +/- 0.33. Scores on the Range of Impaired Functioning Tool reflected functional impairment in all domains. More severe BDD symptoms were significantly associated with poorer functioning and quality of life on all measures. On all but one measure, functioning and quality of life for subjects who were not currently receiving mental health treatment did not significantly differ from those who were receiving treatment. These findings indicate that individuals with BDD, regardless of treatment status, have markedly poor functioning and quality of life. In addition, they suggest that treatment should aim at improving functioning and quality of life in addition to relieving symptoms.

Adolescent↗