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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The modifying effect of novocaine on the clinical manifestations of the intestinal form of radiation sickness].

On rats and dogs exposed to absolute lethal doses of X-irradiation (rats--10, 12 Gy; dogs--15 Gy sublethally) it has been shown that novocaini injection to animals immediately after radiation exposure reduces the primary radiation reaction and at the same time shifts the changes in morphofunctional state of peripheric blood on 24 hours, reduces the symptoms of acute radiation sickness, increases the average life length of the animals on 1,5 days. A conclusion concerning the expressed therapeutic influence of intraperitoneal novocaini injection immediately after radiation has been drawn.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The level of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood as a criterion of the degree of severity of acute radiation sickness (based on materials from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station)].

A study was made of the peripheral blood lymphocyte level as a function of gamma-radiation dose after single gamma-radiation attack resulted from Chernobyl disaster. After the initial drop an average level of lymphocytes was stabilized by day 2 after exposure and no further systematic decrease in the number of lymphocytes occurred. The accuracy of prognostication of the severity of acute radiation sickness, determined by the average lymphocyte level on days 3-6 amounted to as low as 50%. However, when the neighbouring, by the severity, groups of patients were taken into account, the accuracy was 88%.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spontaneous motor activity and physical endurance of rats during acute radiation sickness developing against a background of the use of a radioprotective agent].

Cystamine given to rats prior to irradiation with a dose of 8 Gy (LD77/30) ameliorates significantly the severity of radiation sickness and restores spontaneous motor activity by the time of clinical recovery. However, movements that require physical efforts as well as physical endurance remain decreased.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pyridoxal phosphate on the activity of aminotransferases in different structure-functional regions of the rabbit brain in radiation sickness].

Pyridoxal enzymes of transamination (aspartate aminotransferase, KF 2.6.1.1. and alanine aminotransferase, KF 2.6.1.2) have been studied for their activity in different departments of the rabbit brain under the effect of ionizing radiation and introduction of pyridoxal phosphate. It has been established that the effect of ionizing radiations does not evoke the change in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity in different structure-functional departments of the rabbit brain, the decrease of aminotransferases activity in the acute period of the radiation sickness being natural. Introduction of pyridoxal phosphate irradiated animals promotes relative normalization of activity of the enzymes under study.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Individual immunological parameters in clean-up team members and patients with sequelae of acute radiation sickness 5 years after the effects of the Chernobyl accident].

A study was made of deviations, beyond 1 sigma and 1.5 sigma of a mean value (M) of a donor group, in individual immunological parameters (for instance, the number of CD5+, CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+ and B-cells; alpha 1-thymosin concentration; and autoantibody titers to antigens of epithelial reticulum cell cytoplasm) in patients suffered acute radiation sickness (ARS) and liquidators of Chernobyl NPP accident. The radiation damage to the immune system was reliably detected in the affected subjects examined: they exhibited a decrease in the alpha 1-thymosin level below M = -1.5 sigma and in absolute B cellularity below M = -1 sigma; and increase in the number of CD25+ cells and in the level of serum autoantibodies to antigens of thymus epithelial reticulum cell cytoplasm. When several parameters selected were examined simultaneously the frequency of recording the deviations in merely one of them markedly increased.

Accidents↗
PubMed1996

[The pathomorphology of the pulmonary infectious complications in acute radiation sickness (based on the autopsy data from persons who died as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The lungs from 27 patients who died from acute radiation sickness in Chernobyl accident were studied histologically. Pulmonary infectious complications were found caused by invasion of viral, bacterial and fungal agents. 2 cases with cytomegaloviral pneumonitis, 3 with focal bronchopneumonia and 3 with pulmonary candidiasis are described. Being dependent on hematopoietic function, the inflammatory reactions were not pronounced in postirradiation aplasia and became evident in the recovery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of the children born to persons with a history of 1st- and 2d-degree acute radiation sickness as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

We have examined 15 children (born in 1987-1988), whose fathers liquidated the aftereffects of the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and suffered from acute radiation sickness of the 1st and 2nd stages and 50 children of the control group. The obtained data showed that the number of small developmental abnormalities (stigmas of dysembryogenesis) increased as well as the chromatid aberration frequency as compared with the control group.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1983

[Enzyme activity in the blood plasma of lambs with acute radiation sickness].

The activity was determined of sorbitol-dehydrogenase (SDH), cholinesterase (CE), leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP), acid phosphatase (AP), and glutamate-dehydrogenase (GDH) in blood plasma of lambs irradiated with 200, 320, and 450 Rad. Results showed that with the mild form of acute radiation sickness (treatment with 200 Rad) the activity of the blood enzymes did not change. With the severe (320 Rad) and the peracute (450 Rad) forms of the disease within the first 24 hours the activity of SDH and CE rose 3 to 5 times, and that of GDH and AP--twice within a period of 1 to 3 days following irradiation. In the case of a threefold increased activity of SDH and CE within 15 to 24 hours of treatment the diseased animals died. Parallel hematologic investigations revealed that well manifested leukopenia with these two forms of the sickness took place after the 24th hour. Activity determination of the investigated plasma enzymes within the first 15-24 hours following irradiation could be used as an adjunct test to the study of the hematologic indices for the early diagnosis of the severe and peracute forms of irradiation sickness as well as for the exit of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[5-nucleotidase activity in rat leukocytes, erythrocytes and blood serum during radiation sickness].

A study of 5-nucleotidase activity in the formed elements and blood serum of rats 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after X-irradiation has demonstrated that it was increased in leukocytes at early times and inhibited at later times of the development of radiation sickness. In erythrocytes, inhibition of 5-nucleotidase activity was most pronounced on the 3d day. In blood serum, the enzyme activity was virtually invariable. The addition of ATP to the incubation medium normalized 5-nucleotidase activity.

5'-Nucleotidase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic assessment of the degree of severity of acute radiation sickness in those who cleaned up the Chernobyl catastrophe].

The study is of a retrospective character and is based on the author's own cytogenetic findings secured in May-June 1986 in the examination of patients diagnosed as having had a first to third-degree acute radiation sickness while receiving massive detoxicating therapy. We consider it expedient to employ the model of multiple linear regression relying on a complex of most informative cytogenetic indicators rather than on only one such indicator alongside the traditional dose reaction identifiable by the level of dicentric chromosomes in blood lymphocytes. This will allow the degree of severity of the radiation injury to be determined with greater precision and permits assessing the therapeutic efficiency of the measures implemented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of the FISH method for the cytogenetic examination of persons with a history of acute radiation sickness in connection with the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

We have performed conventional cytogenetics with group karyotyping and FISH analysis on metaphase-arrested lymphocyte cultured from 13 adults of 23 to 50 years. Twelve Chernobyl accident liquidators of 1986 year recovered from acute radiation sickness of the first (3 persons), second (7 persons) and third (2 persons) degree of severity; and one unexposed (control) person. A cocktail containing a balanced mix of directly-labeled by Spectrum orange whole-chromosome probes for human chromosomes 1,2 and 4 were used. Under the conventional staining the positive correlation between the frequency of chromosome type aberration (acentrics, dicentrics, centric rings, abnormal monocentrics) and the severity of irradiation was established even 10 years after radiation exposure. Under the FISH analysis the frequency of reciprocal translocation was in the range from 0.061 to 0.729 per cell which corresponded to doses of acute uniform irradiation from 0.8 till 3.48 Gy. The data obtained confirmed the validity of FISH as for quantifying stable chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of irradiated persons as the high sensitivity of FISH for the retrospective dose evaluation in delayed terms after radiation exposure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A possible molecular mechanism of the impairment of the stability of the genome in cells capable of replicating DNA in acute and chronic forms of radiation sickness].

On the basis of the experimentally grounded concept concerning the functional antagonism of various domains of chromosomal SSB-proteins, that play a major role in the implementation of the contrary processes which either provide stability of DNA macromolecules or bear the responsibility for their degradation, a possible molecular mechanism of the disturbance of cell genome stability upon acute and chronic radiation sickness is discussed.

Acute Disease↗