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PubMed2001

In vitro activities of antibiotics against Plasmodium falciparum are inhibited by iron.

The in vitro activities of cyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline, and rolitetracycline), macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, and lincomycin), quinolones (norfloxacin and ofloxacin), rifampin, thiamphenicol, tobramycin, metronidazole, vancomycin, phosphomycin, and cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefaclor, cefamandole, cefuroxime, ceftriazone, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin) were evaluated on Plasmodium falciparum clones, using an isotopic, micro-drug susceptibility test. Only tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, and rifampin demonstrated in vitro activity against P. falciparum, which increased after a prolonged exposure (96 or 144 h). In the presence of iron (FeCl(3)), only the activities of tetracyclines and norfloxacin were decreased. Their in vitro activity against intraerythrocytic stages of multidrug-resistant P. falciparum and their efficacy in vivo favor the use of antibiotics as antimalarial drugs. However, due to their slow antimalarial action and to the fact that they act better after prolonged contact, they probably need to be administered in conjunction with a rapidly acting antimalarial drug, such as a short course of chloroquine or quinine.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Stability of frozen rat plasma containing different antibiotics.

The antibiotic activity was determined at different intervals of time on plasma samples, taken from rats treated with a certain number of commonly used antibiotics, and kept at -20 C up to 8 weeks. The results of the microbiological assays demonstrate that the stability of the antibiotics in the frozen plasma decreases in the following order: oxytetracycline > cephalexin, streptomycin, erythromycin > demeclocycline > ampicillin, amoxycillin > penicillin G, cephaloridine, rolitetracycline, and tetracycline.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Neurobrucellosis: clinical and therapeutic features]

Brucellosis is a common zoonosis endemic in many parts of the world. Neurologic involvement is a rare but serious complication and it occurs in 2 - 5% of cases. Neurologic signs can appear during the active phase of disease or later. Six cases of neurobrucellosis are described: meningoencephalitis in 2 cases, meningitis with brain abscess in 1 case, encephalomielitis in 3 cases. Diagnosis was made on the basis of history of the exposure to brucella, of serum and cerebrospinal fluid positive serology, of quantitative change in cerebrospinal fluid, on EEG, CT and MNR and favorable response to specific treatment (rifampin, rolitetracycline tirmethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Neurobrucellosis should be suspected in case of neurological deficit in brucellosis endemic areas. Treatment of neurobrucellosis remains controversial: we recommend a regimen with rifampin 600 mg x 2 i.v. + tirmethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 2 ff x 2 i.v. for a period of 6-8 weeks.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1981

Development and application of a radioimmunoassay for tetracycline.

Antiserum against tetracycline was produced in rabbits immunized with a tetracycline hapten conjugated to bovine serum albumin. The antiserum was used to develop a radioimmunoassay for tetracycline. As little was 1 ng of tetracycline can be detected in one sample. The antitetracycline antiserum showed a considerable degree of specificity since it cross-reacted only with chlortetracycline (70%). However, its cross-reactivity with oxytetracycline, doxycycline, demeclocycline, methacycline and rolitetracycline was only negligible. The radioimmunoassay of tetracycline was used to measure the systemic bioavailability of orally administered tetracycline (25 mg/kg) to a group of mongrel dogs. Detectable levels of tetracycline were exhibited within 30 min and maximum plasma concentrations of the drug occurred within 3 to 4 hr after dose administration.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

[Drug therapy in surgical biliary diseases. A microbiological and animal experiment study].

In this study type and occurrence of microorganisms in gallbladder and choledochal bile are compared to results of other authors. The value of antibiotic therapy in acute cystic duct obstruction in a clinical study and in animal experiments are discussed. Efficacy of different antibiotic substances (mezlocillin, cefazolin, cefotaxim, rolitetracyclin and aminoglycosides) are measured by means of the reduction in colony count in T-tube bile. Antibiotic effect was least when tetracyclines and aminoglycosides were given. Beta-lactam antibiotics caused marked reduction and even elimination of bacteria in choledochal bile. Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of bacterial infection of the bile is reasonable only after decompression of the biliary tract in the presence of obstructive jaundice. In case of cystic duct obstruction antibiotic therapy is uncertain.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1997

Management of concurrent pleural effusion in patients with lymphoma: thoracoscopy a useful tool in diagnosis and treatment.

Pleural effusion represents a frequent feature both of Hodgkin's (HL) and non-Hodgkin's (NHL) lymphoma. The aims of the present study were: 1) to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of thoracoscopy as compared to pleural cytology in patients with lymphoma and concurrent pleural effusion; and 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical pleurodesis with the tetracycline derivative, rolitetracycline. Seventeen patients with pleural effusion and concurrent lymphoma (10 NHL and seven HL) were studied. Analysis of pleural fluid revealed the presence of lymphoma cells in six cases (four NHL and two HL); histopathological examination of samples obtained by thoracoscopy was consistent with pleural infiltration by NHL in eight cases and by HL in six cases. Overall sensitivities of pleural cytology and histology were 35 and 82%, respectively. Following chemical pleurodesis, complete response was observed in five of the 17 cases (two NHL and three HL), partial response in four cases (two NHL and two HL), whereas failure was observed in the remaining eight cases. Two patients who had presented failure underwent subsequent pleurectomy by thoracotomy (one case of HL) or video-thoracoscopy (one case of NHL). Complete response was observed in both cases following this treatment. No major complication was recorded after chemical pleurodesis or pleurectomy. Thoracoscopy may be considered a useful tool to evaluate the involvement of pleural space in patients presenting with pleural effusion in the course of lymphoma. Chemical pleurodesis plays an important role in the palliative treatment of this condition. Further studies are necessary to assess the role of pleurectomy in the treatment of such patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical characteristics and therapeutic perspectives of boutonneuse fever. Assessment of a caseload of 39 patients].

Rickettsia conorii is the etiologic agent of Boutonneuse fever, a rickettsiosis of the spotted fever group that is endemic in Southern Italy. Chloramphenicol or tetracyclines are still the treatment of choice for this disease, and recently quinolones have also been utilized with success. In 1994-95, 39 otherwise healthy patients were admitted to our unit for Boutonneuse fever. They were treated, in random order, with quinolones (10 subjects received ciprofloxacin, 500 mg/12 h per os; 8 subjects received intravenous pefloxacin, 200 mg/12 h), or tetracyclines (21 subjects received intravenous rolitetracycline, 275 mg/12 h). Outcome was favorable in all cases and no significant complications were observed. However, in a significant number of cases, increased blood concentrations of glutamic-oxalacetic (68.4%) and glutamic-pyruvic (60.5%) transaminases were found. Above normal blood creatinine values were observed in 29.7% of the cases, and urinanalysis disclosed blood in 35.9% and proteins in 56.4% of the cases. Both tetracyclines and quinolones were well tolerated and effective, with apyrexia achieved after 2.7 +/- 0.1 days (mean +/- SEM). All patients were discharged after an average of 7.1 +/- 0.4 days. Liver and kidney function derangements seem to occur to some extent in the acute phase of Boutonneuse fever. This finding might partially explain the increased mortality rate reported for subjects with simultaneous systemic or organ diseases or when the administration of an effective antibiotic is delayed. Together with chloramphenicol and tetracyclines, quinolones might be considered as first line antibiotics.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1965