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PubMed1985

Immunoglobulin E in mucoid secretory otitis media.

19 serum and 23 middle ear mucoid fluid samples from patients with chronic secretory otitis media (SOM) were analyzed for total IgE using the PRIST technique and for specific IgE against dog epithelium, house dust mite, milk, egg-white and wheat using the RAST technique. All serum samples showed IgE values well within the normal range, and the middle ear fluid-serum ratio for total IgE was less than 1. In three sera there was a weak (score 1) positive RAST result to milk (2 cases) and to egg-white (1 case). None of the middle ear fluids showed positive reactions. Routine clinical assessment of total and specific IgE is not indicated in SOM.

Child↗
PubMed1978

IgE receptors on human basophils. Relationship to serum IgE concentration.

As reported previously, and confirmed here in 26 donors, the serum IgE level (2.6-5,500 ng/ml) correlates well (rs = 0.95, P less than 0.001) with the in vivo number of IgE molecules/basophil (6,000-600,000). The total number of IgE receptors/basophil was monitored by incubating them with an IgE-rich serum (15 microgram/ml), quantitatively stripping IgE from the cells at pH 3.7, and measuring eluted IgE by a direct radioimmunosorbent test. Saturation of receptors for each donor was achieved with 15 nM IgE (3 microgram/ml). The proportion of receptors occupied in vivo correlated with the serum IgE (rs = 0.84, P less than 0.001) whereas the average association constant of the receptors was independent of serum IgE and ranged from 7.1 X 10(8)/M to 2.8 X 10(10)/M, averaging 7.7 X 10(9)/M. Unexpectedly, the total number of IgE receptors/basophil was closely related to the serum IgE level. (rs = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Thus, either there is genetic association between serum IgE and the number of basophil IgE receptors, or, more likely, the receptor number is modulated by the serum IgE concentration.

Basophils↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The study of IgE in the diagnosis of allergic disorders in an otolaryngology practice.

Within months after the identification of IgE as the reaginic antibody and principal trigger of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, several radiomunnoassays were developed for its detection in serum. Observations and results obtained with the use of two commercially available in vitro assays in the screening diagnosis of inhalant allergic disease are reported. Over 80% of suspected atopic patients tested had detectable specific IgE to at least two allergens. Both total and specific IgE determinations served useful roles in the recognition of clinically significant allergic disease. Results obtained with these procedures correlate well with information previously obtained only by skin test endpoint titration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Rush immunotherapy with house dust extract in patients with mild extrinsic asthma.

Rush immunotherapy (RIT) with house dust extract was given to 15 patients with mild extrinsic or mixed asthma. Every patient was strongly positive for IgE on the radioimmunosorbent test and sensitive to house dust extract on the scratch skin test. Nine patients were positive on the bronchial provocation test to house dust extract and 6 could not be examined. All patients did not drop out and got to house dust extract solution 10(-1) within 1 week. The symptom-medication scores decreased significantly after RIT. During RIT 1 patient developed a mild asthmatic attack and 3 patients developed generalized skin reaction. Eight weeks later, the threshold for house dust-provoked bronchoconstriction increased in 9 patients, but did not in 3 patients. The blood eosinophil count and blood histamine level significantly decreased. We conclude that RIT is able to raise antigen concentrations for a short periods and effective but not risky for mild asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three cases of bronchial asthma after middle ages associated with pets.

Three cases of bronchial asthma after middle ages associated with pets were presented. Case 1 was a 39-year-old man who was admitted due to exacerbation of asthma after having fed a cat and a dog for 2 years. IgE-RAST was positive for cat fur and house dust. Inhalation test of cat hair antigen was positive. His symptoms improved by avoidance of the cat. Case 2 was 54-year-old woman suffering from asthma for 6 years after having fed a cat. IgE-RAST was positive for dog hair and cat fur. Symptoms did not improve by any treatment because she could not give up pets. Case 3 was a 45-year-old woman suffering from asthma attacks for two months. She had kept a dog for 1 year. IgE-RAST was positive for dog hair. Her symptoms disappeared by avoidance of the dog. Patients with pet allergy have increased in recent years because of the pet boom, but it is not so common to have asthma attacks in aged people. Bronchial asthma caused by allergens of pets easily improves by avoidance of them and it is important to establish early diagnosis of this disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

IgE antibody to sweat in atopic dermatitis.

Of 45 patients with atopic dermatitis skin-tested with their own sweat, 43 showed positive immediate-type skin reactions to titres between 1 and 256. Of 22 non-atopic patients 18 showed negative reactions. Skin reactivity of the atopic patients to the sweat and house dust did not run parallel. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using the sweat collected from a healthy subject detected IgE antibody in 24 atopic patients with a score from 0.5 to 3.5, whereas all the control subjects showed the score 0. This IgE antibody to sweat did not cross-react with the mite extract (Dermatophagoides farinae) or Staphylococcus aureus. These results indicate that atopic patients have specific IgE antibody to sweat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic procedures in chronic rhinitis.

Various methods of diagnosing allergic factors in chronic rhinitis are discussed. Among the procedures which aim at detecting specific allergens, i.e. skin testing, RAST, and nasal provocation tests, the last mentioned, as they are performed directly on the shock organ, have so far been found to give the most accurate picture of clinically dominant allergens and of the intensity and character of the rhinitis. However, information obtained by analysing the correlations between different procedures is not unanimous. As long as test techniques and allergen extracts have not been standardized, one particular test cannot be recommended as the method of choice.

Allergens↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulin E: raised levels in sera and pleural exudates of patients with paragonimiasis.

Serum IgE concentrations of patients with paragonimiasis were determined by a radioimmunosorbent test. The mean concentration was 3,462.3 IU/ml in a group of 13 cases of paragonimiasis miyazakii in which patients showed clinical symptoms and/or positive immunological diagnostic tests, and 1,026.6 IU/ml in a control group of 13 individuals who had eaten uncooked freshwater crabs, Potamon dehaani, but had been found to be free from the infection. Moreover, the IgE level of the pleural exudates obtained from four patients with paragonimiasis miyazakii on the day of bleeding or within several days after was significantly higher than that of their sera, ranging between 4,200 IU/ml and 10,000 IU/ml. This was true also in a case of paragonimiasis westermani. Sera and pleural exudates of patients with both forms of paragonimiasis were applied to immunosorbent columns of Sepharose 4B beads coupled with saline extracts of Paragonimus miyazakii, P. weetermani, or P. ohirai. IgE eluted from the corresponding column was considered to be specific, being around 5% to 10% of the total IgE.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Immunobiological means of identifying hypersensitivity to anesthetics and adjuvants].

The diagnosis of hypersensitivity to anesthetics and adjuvants is based chiefly on immunobiological tests which involve:-sensitized lymphocytes; -IgE or IgG antibodies; -sensitized target cells; -determination of chemical mediators. Comparison between these different methods is only possible for techniques involving the sensitized lymphocyte, such as the LTT and EA rosettes for examples, or T.D.B.H. and liberation of histamine. Comparison between the LTT and RAST is difficult, since the first technique investigates the sensitized lymphocyte while the second involves radio-immune antibody assay. An attempt to establish a correlation between these two types of methods is difficult but they can, however, complement each other.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunological approach to asthmatic disease (author's transl)].

Research into the environmental factors in the aetiological diagnosis of asthma is a fundamental measure which must direct complementary test and therapy. Extrinsic asthma is mostly found in young people, with atopic antecedents. Immunological study is based on the clinical history and skin tests (IgE dosage, in vitro tests and provocation tests are difficult to apply in epidemiology due to their high cost). In children 3/4 of asthma cases are extrinsic. Differential diagnosis is especially a problem with rhinitis. There is only a small percentage of cases of non atopic extrinsic asthma which can bring other immunological mechanisms into play. So-called intrinsic asthma (late onset asthma, with continuous dyspnea, corticodependent) is mostly observed in adults. The age has an influence on the severity of the attacks, the curve of asthma with permanent dyspnea being a function increasing with age, whereas that of less severe asthma is a function decreasing with age. The role of extrinsic factors does not seem important in this category of asthmatics (10 to 25% according to the statistics). Immunofluorescence studies of the bronchial mucosa show up the possibility of local immunological reactions, whether specific or not (frequent presence of the C3 complement). This means that the immunologist can, in many cases of asthma, help the epidemiologist to define and to understand the physiological mechanisms of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Relationship between HLA-DQA1, -DQB1 genes polymorphism and susceptilibity to bronchial asthma among Northern Hans].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)- DQA1, -DQB1 genes polymorphism and susceptibility to bronchial asthma among the Hans in the northern China. METHOD: Sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction was used to gene frequencies of HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 genes among 125 unrelated asthmatics, 12 of which being probands of asthmatic pedigrees, and 96 healthy controls, all of Han nationality and living in Beijing or nearby areas for a long time. Radioimmunosorbent test was used to examine the serum IgE and TigE. The ventilatory function was test among the asthmatics. RESULTS: The frequencies of HLA-DQA1 0104 and HLA-DQB1 0201 were 0.204 and 0.284, significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (0.089 and 0.096 respectively, both P < 0.01). Conversely, the frequencies of HLA-DQA10301 and HLA DQB101301 in the asthmatics were 0.148 and 0.20, significantly lower than those in the controls (0.25 and 0.282 respectively, P < 0.01 and < 0.05). The correlation coefficients between HLA-DQA1 * 0104 and atopy, HLA-DQB1 * 0201 and atopy, and HLA-DQA1 * 0301 and atopy were 0.813 (P < 0.01), 0.289 (P < 0.01), and -0.168 (P < 0.05) respectively. Multi-variate logistic regression asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The alleles HLA-DQA1 * 0104 and HLA-DQB1 * 0201 are correlated with the susceptibility to asthma among Northern of Han nationality. HLA-DQA1 * 0104 is an independent risk factor of onset of asthma. The alleles HLA-DQA1 * 0301 and HLA-DQB10301 are correlated with resistance against asthma. HLA-DQ genes are involved in the regulation of human specific immune responses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reagent strip for semiquantitative total and specific IgE measurement: a comparison to radioisotopic methods.

Determination of total and specific IgE using reactive test strips may afford a useful screening method in the in vitro diagnosis of allergens owing to easy use and possible correlation with established methods. T.D. LETI reactive strips for the semiquantitative determination of total IgE is a method combining classical fundamentals (sandwich anti-IgE-IgE-labeled anti-IgE) and the use of strip methods. It also permits determination of specific IgE levels in a wide range of Mediterranean and food (10) allergens. In a preliminary assessment, this method was correlated with isotopic PRIST for total IgE and with Phadebas RAST for specific IgE. The most important features are: a) no additional equipment besides serum or whole blood; b) cheaper and faster than PRIST for total IgE; c) correlation coefficient of 0.88 in the proposed range (n = 20) and 0.91 (n = 25) in the 10-500 U/ml range for PRIST/T.D. LETI for total IgE; d) specific IgE determination strips present sensitivity and specificity of 88 and 91%, respectively, in 180 allergens assayed in relation to Phadebas RAST. In conclusion, the in vitro diagnosis of allergens using reactive strips is currently a practical and simple method. By optimizing the top of the scale for total IgE and reducing the volume and/or time in specific IgE, it may prove to be an important screening method.

Allergens↗
PubMed2004

[Prediction of food allergy by using cord blood IgE levels].

OBJECTIVE: As more attention is paid to food allergy which is already regarded as a public health problem, there is still a lot of uncertainty as to the mechanisms and there are limited therapeutic methods for this problem. It is of importance to screen the susceptible infants as early as possible. The present study was conducted to learn whether cord blood IgE levels (CBIgE) could be used as a predictor of food allergy, and to find out factors which influence the predictive accuracy of CBIgE. METHODS: The present study enrolled 118 infants born between April 2001and July 2001, and the authors followed up the infants until they were 4 months old. At the end of follow up, 105 infants had complete data for evaluation. Paper radioimmunosorbent tests (PRIST) were used for CBIgE assay, and parents were required to answer the standard questionnaires and the food skin prick tests (SPT) were taken for all infants. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, the infants were divided into 3 groups based on food allergy status: FA group with obvious food allergy, SFA group with suspected food allergy and NFA group without allergy. The median values of CBIgE levels in FA group were higher than those in SFA and NFA groups (4.80 IU/L, 0.55 IU/L, 0.87 IU/L, P < 0.01). When the cutoff value for CBIgE was set at 0.9 IU/L (CBIgE(0.9)), 42.9% of infants were found to have food allergy in the higher CBIgE group, 6.7% in the lower CBIgE group (P < 0.01, RR 95% CI = 2.715 approximately 15.221); when the cutoff value was set at 0.5 IU/L (CBIgE(0.5)), 30.9% in the higher CBIgE group and 5.00% in the lower CBIgE group (P < 0.01, RR 95% CI = 1.954 approximately 19.552). In addition, the sensitivity of CBIgE(0.9).as a predictor of food allergy, was 78.95% and the specificity, efficiency and odd product were 73.68%, 74.74%, and 10.50, generally better than CBIgE(0.5) of which the sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, odd product were 89.47%, 5.00%, 57.89%, 8.5 (P < 0.01). With the multi-factor stepwise regression analysis, our study indicated that exposure to cigarette smoke (OR 95%CI = 4.3340 approximately 71.2432), animal fur (OR 95% CI = 1.9869 approximately 30.7472), and egg supplement (OR 95% CI = 1.9340 approximately 25.8885) before 4 months of age might be the risk factors which may result in the predictive uncertainty of CBIgE. CONCLUSIONS: Increased CBIgE levels might be the risk factor which result in food allergy; CBIgE(0.9), as a predictor of food allergy, is superior to CBIgE(0.5). However, some environmental factors, such as early exposure to cigarette smoke, animal fur and too early egg supplement would lead to predictive uncertainty of CBIgE.

Female↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on IgG subclass antibodies in adult asthma. 2. Changes in serum antigen specific IgG subclass antibodies for aging and intractability in asthmatics].

To clarify the factors which induce intractable asthma, the level of serum IgG subclass antibodies to mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) and Candida antigens (Candida albicans) for aging and severity was investigated in 230 bronchial asthmatics (Male: 117, Female: 113) aged 6-81 years old (mean age = 40). Total IgE level and IgE antibodies to mite and Candida antigens were measured by radioimmunosorbent test (RIST) and radioallergosorbent test (RAST), respectively. The serum level of IgG and IgG1 antibodies to the antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were as follows: 1) The incidence of severe asthma in aged and late onset asthmatics, especially late onset intractable asthma (LOIA), was higher than that in young and early onset asthmatics. 2) The serum level of total IgE and IgE antibodies to mite in aged and late onset asthmatics was lower than that in young and early onset asthmatics. 3) The incidence of severe and intractable asthmatics in the group of low IgE levels (less than 300 IU/ml) was higher than that in the group of high IgE levels (over 500 IU/ml). The incidence of positive IgE (RAST) score to mite in severe and intractable asthmatics was lower than that in mild and moderate asthmatics. 4) Considering aging, the serum levels of IgG and IgG1 antibodies to mite and Candida in severe and intractable asthmatics was higher than those in mild asthmatics. These data indicate that the aged and late onset asthmatics may produce dominantly the IgG (IgG1) antibody to the antigens, and have severe asthma attacks caused by IgG (IgG1) rather than IgE antibody.

Adolescent↗