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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Performance of two species of quail on basic reinforcement schedules.

Two bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) and two Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were trained to peck a response key to obtain food. In general, performance on fixed ratio 20 and variable- and fixed-interval 60-sec schedules was comparable to the response patterns of other species under these schedules.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Clozapine increases breaking points on a progressive-ratio schedule reinforced by intravenous cocaine.

The effect of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine on cocaine self-administration reinforced on a progressive-ratio schedule in rats was examined. The rat's first response on a lever each day produced an IV infusion of cocaine (0.6 mg/injection) after which the requirements of the schedule escalated with each infusion until the frequency of responding on the lever fell below a criterion level. The final ratio completed was defined as the breaking point. Doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg clozapine produced either no effect or a nonspecific disruption in responding. Rats pretreated with 10 mg/kg clozapine responded to significantly higher breaking points, indicating an increased motivation to self-administer cocaine.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The nature of the scheduled reinforcer and adjunctive drinking in nondeprived rhesus monkeys.

Adjunctive drinking was generated in three free-feeding rhesus monkeys by the contingent and intermittent delivery of flavored pellets. The amount of drinking generated was greater when pellet availability was restricted under fixed-interval schedules compared to a massed-reinforcer control condition. The volume of water consumed depended upon the fixed-interval of pellet delivery (FI 180 sec to FI 1800 sec). Peak amounts of water consumed ranged from 532 ml to 650 ml during the 2 hr sessions and the schedule which generated the most drinking was either FI 420 or FI 600 sec, across monkeys. Variables which did not appear to influence the amount of drinking generated within the session were the amount of water consumed outside the session, the rates of responding maintained by pellet delivery and the pattern of responding for pellet delivery. However, when either cocaine or diazepam was the scheduled reinforcer, these same free-feeding monkeys did not engage in adjunctive drinking. The ability of cocaine and diazepam to generate adjunctive drinking was determined first by gradually decreasing the frequency of pellet delivery while keeping drug delivery constant using a second-order schedule of pellet delivery [FR n(FI 300 sec: drug delivery) with n ranging from 1 to 6]. Second, a range of drug doses was tested under a FI 300 sec schedule (cocaine: 0.01-0.3 mg/kg/injection; diazepam: 0.01-0.56 mg/kg/injection). These results suggest that there may be some restriction on the generation of adjunctive drinking depending upon the nature of the scheduled reinforcer.

Animals↗