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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Do Not Resuscitate orders and ethical decisions in a neonatal intensive care unit in a Muslim community.

AIMS: To evaluate the need for Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders in a tertiary referral centre for neonatal intensive care, the criteria used in making these decisions, and the applicability of the Muslim ethical stance among parents in an Islamic community. METHODS: A prospective evaluation of all DNR decisions in the neonatal intensive care unit at the Royal Hospital in Oman, over a one year period between November 1999 and October 2000. This included decision criteria, and parental responses and expectations. RESULTS: Of 659 admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit during this period, DNR orders were written in 39 (6%) instances. Most related to congenital malformations (24/39, 62%). In those in whom ventilation was commenced (19/39, 49%) withdrawal was not culturally acceptable and expressly permitted in only 11%. For those in whom ventilation was not commenced (20/39, 51%), 70% agreed not to put their child on the ventilator if they did require it. Presence of extended family support (grandparents) and clergy was extremely useful. CONCLUSIONS: Asking parents alone to be explicitly involved or take full responsibility for decisions involving life and death is not culturally or socially acceptable in this community. Presence of extended family, and indirectly sounding out and taking into account their wishes, is more appropriate after assessing the resources and support services available.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2004

Is the clock ticking for terminally ill patients in Israel? Preliminary comment on a proposal for a bill of rights for the terminally ill.

This paper presents and discusses a recent Israeli proposal to legislate on the rights of the dying patient. A gap exists between elitist biases of the committee proposing the law, and popular values and sentiments. The proposed law divides the dying patients into two groups: "those who wish to go on living" and "those who wish to die". The former will have a right to life prolonging extraordinary care. It is not clear who would foot the bill for this care. Also it is hard to see how this munificence could fail to discriminate against all other patients. Both the secular ethicists and the rabbis involved in drawing up the proposal accepted the assumption that it is good for some terminal patients to die. The rabbis objected, however, to direct and active interventions that shorten life. The solution arrived at was to install timers in the ventilators so as to allow them to expire automatically unless the patient wishes for their resetting.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2005

Making regulations and drawing up legislation in Islamic countries under conditions of uncertainty, with special reference to embryonic stem cell research.

Stem cell research is a newly emerging technology that promises a wide variety of benefits for humanity. It has, however, also caused much ethical, legal, and theological debate. While some forms of its application were prohibited in the beginning, they have now started to be used in many countries. This fact obliges us to discuss the regulation of stem cell research at national and international level. It is obvious that in order to make regulations and to draw up legislation at national or international levels it helps to know the perspectives of different cultures and faith traditions. In this article the issue is explored from an Islamic perspective. Firstly, some basic information is given about Islam to explain how laws are drawn up and regulations made in this tradition. Secondly, the principles on which the laws and regulations are based are applied to stem cell research, and finally the permitted and prohibited methods of stem cell research are described. The discussions throughout the paper demonstrate that while some ethicists argue that stem cell research is unethical in the Islamic tradition, tradition permits it as long as such research is aimed at improving human health.

Culture↗
PubMed2002

The role of the church in developing the law: an Islamic response.

The concept of Hisba in Muslim law has been used by members of certain Islamic groups to impose, through the courts, limitations on freedom of expression. In so doing they sought to circumvent the right of parliament to legislate on matters of personal freedom. This device is now restricted by the Egyptian authorities.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2002

Commentary on Skene and Parker: the role of the church in developing the law.

Skene and Parker are demonstrably mistaken in suggesting that the amicus role of Catholic bishops in three cases has been concerned with "developing" the law. In contrast with Skene and Parker's freestanding conception of legal principle, the Catholic understanding of law's rational moral foundations has permitted Catholic bishops to defend longstanding legal principle as well as defending the integrity of the church's health care and welfare services. It is shown that in the three cases under discussion Catholic bishops were providing needed argument otherwise unavailable to the courts in defence of existing statute. In face of the attempts by pressure groups to bypass the legislature and use the courts to subvert fundamental legal principles, the church is perhaps uniquely capable of continuing to provide to the courts rational defences of those principles.

Catholicism↗
PubMed2002

Democracy, embryonic stem cell research, and the Roman Catholic church.

The Roman Catholic Church in Australia has lobbied politicians to prohibit embryonic stem cell research, on the grounds that such research violates the sanctity and inherent dignity of human life. I suggest, however, that reasoned reflection does not uniquely support such conclusions about the morality of stem cell research. A recent parliamentary standing committee report recommended that embryonic stem cell research be allowed to proceed in certain circumstances, and there appears to be widespread support in the Australian community for this position. I argue that the moral value of democracy requires parliamentarians to acknowledge the informed views of the wider community here, and to resist lobbying by church leaders on this issue.

Australia↗
PubMed2003

A comparison of three views of spirituality in oncology nursing.

This article compares three views of spirituality with specific consideration for persons who live with cancer. These views represent theological, psychological, and nursing perspectives. Three dimensions of theologically inspired spirituality are discussed: institutional religious approaches, intellectual questioning, and mystical experiences. The authors review numerous psychological perspectives on the topic of spirituality, particularly from the analytic, humanistic, and existential schools of thought. A human becoming nursing theory perspective is also offered. The authors, who were friends, one a nurse and the other a person with cancer, suggest that nurses, who are able to offer true presence from a place of hope and fulfilled-emptiness, bear witness to persons in a way that can help them transfigure the experience of living with cancer.

Existentialism↗
PubMed1994

Theological ethics, moral philosophy, and public moral discourse.

The advent and growth of bioethics in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s precipitated an era of public moral discourse, that is, the deliberate attempt to analyze and formulate moral argument for use in public policy. The language for rational discussion of moral matters evolved from the parent disciplines of moral philosophy and theological ethics, as well as from the idioms of a secular, pluralistic world that was searching for policy answers to difficult bioethical questions. This article explores the basis and content of the unique contributions of both theological and philosophical ethics to the development of public moral discourse.

Advisory Committees↗