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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The clinical significance of the valve mechanism in communicating popliteal cysts.

In a previous investigation of 41 patients presenting with distended popliteal cysts, a valvular mechanism was demonstrated in 25 cases by means of a specific arthrographic procedure. In the present study the clinical symptoms and signs from the popliteal space and from the joint were assessed and related to the presence or absence of a valvular mechanism. By arthroscopy or arthrotomy seventeen associated knee disorders were diagnosed, e.g., synovitis, osteoarthritis, and tears of a semilunar cartilage. Intraarticular symptoms and intrinsic joint diseases were significantly correlated to the absence of a valve mechanism. The presence of a valve mechanism was indicative of the absence of pathological findings in the joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Human meniscal proteoglycan metabolism in long-term tissue culture.

For the purpose of human meniscal allografting, menisci have been maintained viable in in vitro culture. The influence of long-term tissue culture on the extracellular matrix metabolism of the meniscus has been studied. Fetal calf serum (FCS) was used as a supplement for the growth factors necessary to maintain optimal meniscal cell metabolism. A series of semilunar cartilage samples was cultured under serum-free conditions since foreign proteins could be responsible for immunological problems after eventual allografting. The proteoglycan metabolism in human menisci cultured in FCS-supplemented and in serum-free culture media was compared. To rule out any influence of topographical variations in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content on proteoglycan (PG) metabolism, GAG concentrations within the tissue were determined, and sulphate (35S) incorporation was studied in tissue samples with a comparable biochemical composition. Sulphate incorporation was preserved when 20% FCS was added to the nutrient medium. The meniscal tissue fibroblasts continued to produce 35S-PG during 4 weeks of culture. The PG molecules were shown to consist of PG-aggregates, monomers and a low molecular-weight PG population. Newly synthesized GAG consisted of approximately 55% chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate and 33% dermatan sulphate. In the presence of serum, 35S incorporation in PG and in the PG-aggregate fraction significantly increased during the first 2 weeks and then decreased during the following 2 weeks of in vitro culture. Newly synthesized PG-aggregates were almost entirely accumulated in the tissue during these weeks. In the 3rd week the values for this parameter decreased slightly. 35S-PG synthesis dramatically declined after 4 weeks of in vitro culture. Catabolism probably resulted in increased proportions of 35S-PG in the incubation media. In the absence of serum, 35S-PG production also increased in the 2nd week of culture. However, 35S activity was almost exclusively found in small PG, and this material apparently diffused to the incubation media. Consequently, catabolism is higher, and the immobilization of 35S-PG is poor when FCS is not added to the culture media. Our findings suggest that menisci are maintained in viable condition and may serve for allografting at least during 2 weeks of tissue culture.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Posterior peripheral sutures in meniscal allograft replacement.

In our experience, meniscal allograft transplantation does have a role after a total or a significant partial meniscectomy in young to middle-aged symptomatic patients. While the quality of the meniscal tissue is crucial to the success of the operation, it is equally important to duplicate the mechanical function of the original semilunar cartilage and assure a secure peripheral attachment of the meniscal implant. The technique for peripheral meniscal suture placement described in this article permits an easier and more secure attachment of the posterior third of the implant to the joint capsule.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Meniscal tears of the knee: evaluation by high-resolution CT combined with arthrography.

The knees of 27 patients with evidence of meniscal tears were examined with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) immediately following double-contrast arthrography. The arthrograms and postarthrogram HRCT scans were compared for their display of anatomic and pathologic detail. The anatomy of the semilunar cartilage and surrounding structures was more clearly outlined on the HRCT scans. The HRCT scans also enabled differentiation of the menisci from the surrounding anatomic parts (popliteal tendon sleeve and popliteal cyst) and good visualization of the relationship of torn meniscal fragments. Postarthrography HRCT should be used as a complement to arthrography. With this additional information, arthroscopists can plan the most appropriate surgical treatment.

Contrast Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for knee extensor realignment.

One method for correction of patellofemoral malalignment in acute and recurrent dislocations and subluxations of the patella involves a lateral retinacular release, medial capsular reefing, and medial displacement of the infrapatellar tendon insertion. The procedures was originally described by Roux and later modified and popularized by Elmslie and Trillat. It allows adequate evaluation and easy adjustment of the extensor mechanism at the time of surgery. This current report is an evaluation of 116 of these procedures followed for at least one year and examined by an orthopaedic surgeon. This evaluation indicates that this is a satisfactory method for prevention of recurrent subluxation of the patella with recurrence in only 7% of the cases. A critical evaluation of the results of the procedure reveals only 66% were rated as good or excellent. The results were directly related to associated intraarticular pathology such as hemarthrosis, patellar chondromalacia, degenerative changes on the femoral or tibial articular surfaces, torn or absent semilunar cartilages, torn anterior cruciate ligaments, and insufficient correction of either patella alta or a wide quadriceps angle. The procedure has been slightly modified and the indications for the procedure have been revised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ossicles in human menisci: report of two cases.

Two cases of ossicles in human menisci are added to the list of 18 previously reported cases. The points of interest in these cases are that in both cases multiple ossicles were incorporated in the posterior horns of the semilunar cartilages--2 in the first case and 7 in the second. In a 16-year-old girl, the posterior horn of the meniscus was torn longitudinally in the shape of a "Y" and each part of the bifurcated meniscus housed an ossicle. Arthrotomy had been performed twice without successful removal of the ossicles. In a 39-year-old woman, all 7 ossicles were incorporated in the posterior horn of the meniscus.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Radiodiagnosis of the rupture of the meniscus of the knee. Auxiliary maneuver without contrast medium. Preliminary report (author's transl)].

Some times the diagnosis of injuries of the semilunar cartilages of the knee joint is very difficult and special studies are required like arthrography or arthroscopy needing previous training. The author states a simple manouver to obtain anteroposterior simple X-rays with valgus and varus forced position on the knee joint. Its possible to observe some times intraarticular gas in the knee joint (vacuum image) and this represents a tear of the meniscus as confirmed by surgery.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1990

Arthroscopic treatment of cysts of the menisci. A preliminary report.

A retrospective clinical study evaluated the results of arthroscopic management of cysts of the menisci. From 1979 to 1984, 24 patients with a diagnosis of meniscal cysts associated with tears of the semilunar cartilage were treated with partial meniscectomy and cyst decompression. The mean age was 29.9 years (range, 14-52 years). Each patient had tenderness over the joint line with a palpable mass. There were 25 cases of meniscal cysts, with one patient having a bilateral cyst. Twenty-two cysts involved the lateral meniscus, and three cysts were on the medial side of the knee. The follow-up period ranged from 16 to 48 months (mean, 33.5 months). All patients had a meniscal tear; most tears were either horizontal or transverse, with or without flap formation. The pathology was in the middle or anterior one-third of the meniscus. The arthroscopic surgery consisted of partial excision of the meniscal tear, leaving a peripheral rim at times, coupled with aspiration of the cyst material or manipulation of its contents into the joint cavity. No cyst recurred, and in every patient except one, preoperative symptoms disappeared. All patients but one were satisfied with the results. Two patients had a second arthroscopy, and no evidence of instability of the peripheral rim was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Arthroscopic meniscal repair. Surgical technique.

Instruments have been devised for repair of the semilunar cartilage without any incision by operative arthroscopy. The instruments include a meniscus repair needle and specially designed small-diameter cannulae of various degrees of curvature. A bolster system for external suture fixation is also employed. Indications for surgery, basic principles of the surgical technique, and postoperative immobilization and rehabilitation regimens are the same as those for open repair. The early results with this technique are excellent and most encouraging. By introducing a practical method for arthroscopically repairing meniscal tears, fewer menisci will be excised, even if only partially. The procedure is no more time-consuming than open repair techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Aging process of the acetabulum with special reference to the osteophyte formation (author's transl)].

Osteophyte formation at the acetabulum was investigated in connection with aging and osteoarthritis. The materials consisted of 39 specimens of the acetabula obtained from fresh cadavers ranging from 14 to 89 years of age. Of those two of the specimens were in the second decade, two in the third, and others were over 40. Osteophyte appeared at three parts of the acetabula; the peripheral part, the foveal area and the lower portion at the ligamentous attachment. Two types of the peripheral osteophytes were distinguished from their growth direction, and in some sections both types were observed together. Foveal osteophytes were recognized at the rim of the semilunar cartilage in the advanced age group and a double acetabular floor was formed by both the osteophytic projection and the existing foveal trabeculae. In some cases there were small osteophytes formed in the ligamentous tissue at the lower ends of the acetabula. As distribution and growth of the osteophytes in the aging process were in accord with those in osteoarthritis, it would be reasonable to assume that the osteophyte formation in aging might be one of the initial changes of the development of osteoarthritis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1994

[Importance of the examination level in the ultrasonic diagnosis of knee joint meniscus injuries].

One hundred and five cases have been selected at random out of the first 500 ultrasonographic examinations of the knee joint. The ultrasonographic findings have been compared to the arthroscopic operative descriptions. Examinations have been performed on intact knee joint menisci of dead young persons to improve specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of the method. Based on these experiences, optimal method of examination of the semilunar cartilage is reported. Special attention is given to the advantages of two-view (cross and longitudinal section) examinations. Against the opinion of many authors it is stated that longitudinal section image of the meniscus provides more information even in cases of longitudinal ruptures, while radial injuries can be recognized only in this plane.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Formation of cartilage in cardiac semilunar valves of chick and quail.

The development of cartilage in the aortic and pulmonary valves of chick and quail was studied using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. In both species, the earliest evidence of chondrogenesis is the formation of smooth muscle alpha-actin-negative prechondrogenic (type II collagen-negative) cellular condensations in the tunica media of the proximal aorta and pulmonary trunk, in front of or slightly distal to the valvular commissures. Such condensations are present as early as stage 37 of Hamburger-Hamilton in the aortic and pulmonary valves of the chick. In quail embryos, they form somewhat later, namely, at stage 38 in the aortic valves and stage 39 in the pulmonary valves. In the chick, synthesis of type II collagen starts in the central core of the aortic cellular condensations at stage 38. In the pulmonary valves of chick and aortic and pulmonary valves of quail, production of type II collagen does not begin until stage 40. This production then gradually increases toward the periphery of the condensations, which remain devoid of perichondrium prior to hatching. After birth, the condensations become transformed into hyaline cartilaginous foci. In the aortic valves of some chickens and quails, more or less extensive deposits of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage form along the attachments of the leaflets to their supporting sinuses. They develop later than the commissural cartilages. The present findings, together with previous data from the literature, suggest that the aortic and pulmonary valve cartilages differentiate from neural crest-derived nonmuscular cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Observations of abnormalities and age-related changes in the anconeal processes of swine.

Abnormalities and age-related changes in the anconeal processes of 60 boars were studied. Postmortem examination of both cubitus joints from 25 lame adolescent boars and from 5 of their nonlame contemporaries revealed cartilaginous tissue (termed cartilage plate) of varying size between the anconeal process and the ulnar diaphysis in 8 of the lame animals. The cartilage plate was fractured in both joints from 7 of these 8 animals, and joints from 6 animals with cartilage plate were associated with lesions of the semilunar articular cartilage and bone in the proximal portion of the ulna. Postmortem examination of the joints from 30 boars (ranging in age from 1 month before birth to 1.5 years) indicated that during growth, bone developed from the ulnar diaphysis toward the cranial tip of the anconeal process. Separate ossification centers were not observed in any of the clinically normal anconeal processes studied in this group. However, microscopic observations of 1 abnormal anconeal process from a 13-week-old boar indicated that trauma may be involved in morphogenesis of a cartilage plate. Age-dependent changes were also observed in the composition of the anconeal process.

Aging↗