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PubMed1999

A G protein alpha subunit from Cochliobolus heterostrophus involved in mating and appressorium formation.

A Galpha subunit-encoding gene (CGA1) was cloned from Cochliobolus heterostrophus, a heterothallic foliar pathogen of corn. The deduced amino acid sequence showed similarity to Galpha proteins from other filamentous fungi and suggested that CGA1 is a member of the Galphai class. cga1 mutants had reduced ability to form appressoria on glass surfaces and on corn leaves; mutants nevertheless caused lesions on corn plants like those of wild type. cga1 mutants were female sterile; sexual development was completely abolished when the mutant allele was homozygous in a cross. Ascospores produced in crosses heterozygous at Cga1 were all wild type. The signal transduction pathway represented by CGA1 appears to be involved in developmental pathways leading to either appressorium formation or mating; in sexual development CGA1 is required for both fertility and ascospore viability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Mating, conidiation and pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum, the main causal agent of the head-blight disease of wheat, are regulated by the MAP kinase gpmk1.

To date, only very little is known about the molecular infection mechanisms of the head-blight pathogen of wheat, Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph Gibberella zeae). Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of the Fus3/Pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase homologue Gpmk1 from F. graminearum. Disruption of the gpmk1 gene in F. graminearum results in mutants that are reduced in conidial production, are sexually sterile and are fully apathogenic. This leads to the conclusion that gpmk1 is responsible for signal transduction processes taking place during the most important developmental stages in the life cycle of this fungal pathogen. Thus, Delta gpmk1 mutants are a useful tool to find other important genes involved in plant-infection mechanisms. Previously, only the trichothecene biosynthesis pathway was identified as a virulence factor in F. graminearum. Hence, Gpmk1 is now the second pathogenicity trait to be known in this important plant pathogen.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Integration of a sexuality counseling service into a reproductive health program for persons with mental retardation.

A socialization and sexuality counseling program was instituted as an integral part of a gynecologic service begun at the University of Michigan for persons with mental retardation. One hundred three patients were seen between 1986 and 1989 for counseling. Patients were referred for a variety of reasons, the most common being sexual behavior deemed inappropriate by the referring agent (i.e., direct care givers, parents, teachers, workshop supervisors, and other community professionals). Other concerns included sexual abuse, sterilization requests, sexuality and socialization education, marital questions, pregnancy assistance, abortion counseling, and family stress. Treatment techniques included gynecologic examination and follow-up, psychosexual education, psychiatric evaluation and follow-up, and group and individual psychosexual counseling. A majority of the patients improved during treatment. It is proposed that such a counseling program can play a useful role in the preparation of people with mental retardation to live in their communities as they deal with day-to-day decision making and should be an integral part of reproductive health care for this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The effects of gamma-irradiation on migration and survival of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in mice.

Infections with irradiated Schistosoma mansoni were established by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of mechanically transformed schistosomula. A dose of 2.3 krad. allowed persistence of a small proportion of worms to adulthood, and of these survivors the majority of the female worms were sexually sterile. However, a small proportion of 2.3 krad.-irradiated females and a larger proportion of similarly irradiated males were capable of pairing successfully with non-irradiated partners. Radiation in the range 2.3 to 10 krad. resulted in slightly reduced peak recoveries from the lungs while 20 krad. resulted in a much reduced and 40 krad. a virtual absence of survival to the lung stage. Increasing doses of radiation in the range 2.3 to 10 krad. resulted in successively fewer parasites reaching the liver. Thus, the major sites of the radiation-induced mortality appeared to be as follows: 2.3 krad., mainly in the liver; 4 krad., in the lungs and liver; 10 krad., mainly in the lungs; 20 krad., at the injection site and in the lungs and 40 krad., mainly at the injection site. The infections studied here showed reduced survival following exposure to high doses of radiation compared with the infections, established as percutaneously applied cercariae, which have been reported by other workers. Possible reasons for the disparity are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of thiotepa on the productivity of male Aedes aegypti.

The effects of various concentrations of thiotepa, a chemomutagen, on the genetic fitness of Aedes aegypti males was studied. Oral treatments of 0.025 percent, 0.050 percent and 0.075 percent thiotepa induced sexual sterility in the male mosquitoes. Analyses of total F2 productivity indicate that the mean number of progeny was significantly decreased with exposure to 0.001 percent of the chemomutagen. At 0.001 percent thiotepa only a mean of 198.04 F2 progeny per culture were produced; by comparison the control group gave 315.33.

Aedes↗
PubMed1998

Medicaid and managed care: meeting the reproductive health needs of low-income women.

State Medicaid programs have increasingly turned to managed care with hopes of controlling spending while improving access to care. The move to managed care has significant implications for the provision of reproductive health services--family planning, abortion, sterilization, sexually transmitted diseases, and maternity care. However, the delivery of reproductive health services in a Medicaid managed care environment is wrought with many difficulties. The complexity inherent in Medicaid policy, the changing world of managed care, and the health and social needs of the Medicaid population are compounded by the sensitive nature of reproductive health needs.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Suppressive action of Samorin on the cyclical development of pathogenic trypanosomes in Glossina morsitans centralis.

Male Glossina sexually sterilized by gamma-irradiation are as efficient vectors of trypanosomiasis as fertile males. An attempt was made, using isometamidium chloride (Samorin), to interfere with the cyclical development of trypanosomes in sterile males, destined for use in the sterile insect release (SIR) method of tsetse eradication. The infection rate with mature Trypanosoma congolense Broden was effectively reduced in sterile male Glossina morsitans centralis Machado, when the flies were fed on an infected goat 2 days after they were fed as tenerals on an in vitro bloodmeal containing 8 micrograms Samorin/ml blood. The infection rates with mature T.vivax Ziemann and T.brucei brucei Plimmer & Bradford were completely suppressed at this drug dose. Whensterile teneral males were fed on a bloodmeal containing 12 micrograms/ml Samorin and given the infected bloodmeal 10 days later, infections by mature T.vivax, T.congolense and T.b.brucei were completely suppressed. Hence in the management of a tsetse eradication programme utilizing the SIR method, it is recommended that the sterile teneral male tsetse should, prior to release, be given a bloodmeal containing Samorin at 12-15 micrograms/ml blood. This will effectively suppress future disease transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Gender and health in the daily press].

To have a better understanding on the role of the press in the communication of gender and health issues, the content of the five most spread newspapers in Spain was studied (El País, ABC, El Mundo, La Vanguardia and El Periódico de Catalunya) for five years (1997-2001) and the electronic version of The New York Times of the period 1990-1999. An unequal distribution was observed in the responsibility as for the information related to three aspects: positions of responsibility in the newspapers (out of 71 main posts, 67 were men and 4 women); the authors of the articles on health issues (61.2% men and 38,8% women, among the articles that include the author) and the mentioned information sources (81.43% men and 17.77% women). Among the 120 health issues that were covered during the period of the study, only 20 explicitly mentioned a woman (16.67%). Those subjects that included more frequently explicit references were: ablation, iatrogenics, sterilization, sexual and reproductive health, incontinence, beauty and domestic violence. The analysis of the approach to these subjects helped to identify the stereotypes of gender inequality, in the language as well as in the approach.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Prostatitis: are the gram-positive organisms pathogenic?

In 268 patients seen for sterility, sexual impairment or suspected prostatitis symptoms, first and midstream urine fractions, prostatic secretion and post-massage urine cultures as well as semen cultures and exfoliative cytologies of the first urine fraction and prostatic secretion were performed. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 160 cases. Of these, 111 (69.3%) had significant cultures (Meares and Stamey criteria). Nevertheless, when we repeated the study without previous therapy, the results could not be confirmed. This shows that Gram-positive bacteria do colonize urethra and/or prostatic ducts, but are not responsible for prostatic infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Community perception of school-based deworming program in Sanliurfa, Turkey.

This article presents an evaluation of the community perception of the recently implemented School Based Health Program, which delivered anthelmintics to 96,000 schoolchildren in Sanliurfa, Turkey. One hundred forty-four parents and 140 teachers were interviewed through questionnaires, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. The evaluation indicated that most of the parents and teachers reported that the program was beneficial as it led to improvement in children's health and well being. The evaluation also indicated that 99% of the parents and 98.4% of the teachers approved of the teacher's role in this program. Nearly all of the teachers and parents showed willingness to continue the program in the future and 75% of the parents indicated willingness to pay for the drugs. The evaluation also highlighted that there were critical issues for the successful implementation of the program such as the issue of educating illiterate mothers, higher involvement of families in the mass treatment process, ability to reach a larger number of school absentees, and overcoming the prejudice against externally funded measures, which are perceived by some of the members of the community as an experiment run by foreigners on the local population and the concern of some parents that anthelmintic drug (mebendazole) might cause sexual sterility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Notes on sexual development and sexual behaviour of sterile marriage partners (author's transl)].

Criteria which are essential for sexual development were examined on the basis of interviews conducted with 57 married couples who had remained without children without wanting to be childless, the reasons for their sterility being different in each case. It appears that both the experience of the first cohabitation and of the first orgasm, as well as the number of sexual partners before marriage are in some way connected with subsequent infertility. We also attempted to examine marital sexual relations in a kind of stock-taking operation. The cumulative occurrence of disturbances of intimate life was confirmed by this study, especially the reduced sexual satisfaction which depends on the cause of sterility. It also appears that changes in libido and feeling are influence by fertility; however, relative increases in such changes seem to indicate psychosexual disturbances of maturity in some of the partners, from which it would be possible to derive causal connections with infertility and therapeutic approaches.

Age Factors↗