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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Involvement of thoracic nerve afferents in the respiratory response to chest compression.

Chest compression elicits extravagal neural reflexes which can alter the respiratory pattern. Experiments were conducted to determine the source of the afferents responsible for the respiratory response to chest compression (CC). The effects of CC on VT, f, TI, TE, blood gases, end-tidal CO2, and blood pressure were studied in anesthetized, vagotomized dogs and cats. In dogs, thoracic wall afferents were eliminated by thoracic dorsal rhizotomies (TDR) and/or spinal blocks (SB). There were two different respiratory responses to CC. In one (I), Tt decreased and TE increased, resulting in a decreased f. The second (II) resulted in a decreased TI and TE. The I response was still present, but weaker, in animals after TDR (1--4), TDR (5--9), TDR (1--9, T5 or T10 SB and absent in those with T1SB. The II response was still present after TDR ()--4), TDR (5--9), TDR (1--9), or T10SB and absent after T5SB. The results indicate that: (1) afferents responsible for the I response to CC arise from the upper, middle and lower thoracic wall, (2) afferents responsible for the II response arise from the middle and lower thoracic wall, and (3) the responses are not due to changes in chemical drive, blood pressure or lung receptors.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2003

Multidisciplinary management of giant malignant endo-thoracic nerve sheath tumor.

Malignant degeneration of neurogenic tumors has been reported to occur in 1-25% of patients with neurofibromatosis-I, and is the leading cause of cancer-related death in these patients. We report a case of multidisciplinary management of a giant malignant endothoracic nerve sheath tumor leading to histologically proven remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Applied anatomy of the paraumbilical flap with the lateral anterior branch of the thoracic nerve].

OBJECTIVE: To provide the anatomical basis for the free paraumbilical flap with sensory nerve. METHODS: The morphology, branch and distribution of the inferior epigastric artery and inferior intercostal nerve were dissected and measured in 20 adult cadaver specimens. RESULTS: The diameter of inferior epigastric artery at the original point was (2.3 +/- 0.3) mm, and that of its accompanying vein was (3.6 +/- 0.4) mm. The anterial branch of inferior intercostal nerves transversed through their corresponding intercostal spaces of axilla anterior line and ran out of the superficial fascia at the midclavicular line. The lateral anterior branch of the eighth to tenth intercostal nerves ran out of superficial fascia in the range of 0-7 cm above umbilicus and innervated the paraumbilical flap. CONCLUSION: It is possible to design sensory paraumbilical flap with the lateral anterior branch of the eighth to tenth intercostal nerve.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Separate populations of primary sensory neurons project to the splanchnic nerve and thoracic spinal nerve rami of the rat. A fluorescent double labelling study.

Using fluorescent double labelling technique with one tracer applied to the greater splanchnic nerve and a second to the ventral or dorsal spinal nerve ramus at the T9 level, it was shown that two separate populations of sensory nerve cell bodies in the T9 dorsal root ganglion were projecting to the splanchnic nerve and spinal rami, respectively. Only two double labelled cells were detected. The results support the theory that spinal and/or supraspinal interactions and not dichotomizing sensory axons are responsible for referred pain.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Responses of the canine myocardium to stimulation of thoracic cardiac nerves.

The thoracic cardiac nerves were stimulated in each of 21 dogs anesthetized with alpha chloralose. Recordings were made of heart rate, blood pressure, and contractile force from all four cardiac chambers. Walton-Brodie strain-gauge arches were sutured to both atria, and to three locations of each ventricle, representing both anterior and posterior surfaces. The functional autonomic components of each nerve were summarized and classified into four basic types. Types I and II were both located medial to the thoracic vagi. These were shown to contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic components traveling to all four chambers of the heart. The sympathetic componnent of the type II nerves produced reflex changes in force of contraction and systemic blood pressure. Nerves classified as types III and IV produced no parasympathetic effect on the heart. These were all located lateral to the thoracic vagi. While the type III nerves carried sympathetic efferent fibers to all four chambers, the type IV nerve carried sympathetic fibers predominantly to the right atrium.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Neurophysiological effects of recurrent laryngeal and thoracic vagus nerves on mediating the neurogenic inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and esophagus of rats.

The present study aims to investigate the neurophysiological effects of recurrent laryngeal nerve and thoracic vagus nerve on the non-cholinergic regulation of neurogenic plasma extravasation of the rat trachea, bronchi, and esophagus. Through thoracotomy, three nerve components, the right thoracic vagal trunk, thoracic vagus nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve, were identified. The experiment was sequentially conducted in four steps. First, the individual nerve component was electrically stimulated and the induced inflammatory responses, as quantified by the area density of India ink-labelled blood vessels in the trachea, bronchial trees and esophagus, were compared. Second, we assessed the relative importance of medial and lateral side of the right thoracic vagus nerve in inducing the inflammatory responses by alternative stimulation of one side with simultaneous severance of the other side of this nerve. Third, we examined the effects of transection of the lateral half of the right thoracic vagus nerve on the degeneration of axon fibers located at the following three sites: the nerve segment proximal to cutting site, bronchial and esophageal nerve branches. Finally, we directly observed the inflammatory histopathology of the right lower trachea after stimulation of the medial half of the right thoracic vagus nerve with transection of its lateral half. In this study, we found that the right recurrent laryngeal nerve was predominant in mediating the neurogenic inflammatory responses of upper and dorsal portions of trachea, whereas the right thoracic vagus nerve was predominant in mediating those of the right lower ventral wall of trachea, right main bronchus, and right lobar bronchial trees. The axon fibers of the right thoracic vagus nerve responsible for mediating the neurogenic inflammatory responses of the right lower ventral trachea were mainly accumulated in the medial half, whereas those innervating the right main bronchus, right lobar bronchial trees, and lower esophagus were largely in the lateral half of this nerve. Transection of the lateral half of the right thoracic vagus nerve resulted in significant degeneration of myelinated fibers in its bronchial and esophageal nerve branches. Histopathological examination of the right lower trachea after electrical stimulation of the medial half of thoracic vagus nerve demonstrated the silver-stained leaky venules with accumulations of inflammatory cells. We thus concluded that afferent C-fibers to upper and dorsal portions of trachea were mainly from recurrent laryngeal nerve. In contrast, the neurogenic inflammatory responses of the right lower trachea were predominantly mediated by the medial half of the right thoracic vagus nerve, and those of the right main bronchus, bronchial trees and lower esophagus were largely by the lateral half of this nerve.

Animals↗