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PubMedDate not supplied

'Til death do us part?' The nurse's role in the care of the dead a historical perspective: 1850-2004.

In the immediate hours after a person takes his or her last breath, the nurse has always been present. In the hospital or at home, under hospice care or without warning, the nurse is frequently the last to hold the hand of those transitioning from life to death. The nurse, in assuring the patient and family a peaceful transition, finds her role to include caring for the body with reverence to the religious and cultural concerns that the patient holds sacred.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed2000

Understanding Ras: 'it ain't over 'til it's over'.

Since 1982, Ras has been the subject of intense research scrutiny, focused on determining the role of aberrant Ras function in human cancers and defining the mechanism by which Ras mediates its actions in normal and neoplastic cells. The long-term goal has been to develop antagonists of Ras as novel approaches for cancer treatment. Although impressive strides have been made in these endeavours, and our knowledge of Ras is quite extensive, it appears that we are at the beginning, rather than at the end, of fully understanding Ras function. This review highlights new issues that have further complicated our efforts to understand Ras.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Facile Syntheses of Titanium(II), Tin(II), and Vanadium(II) Porphyrin Complexes through Homogeneous Reduction. Reactivity of trans-(TTP)TiL(2) (L = THF, t-BuNC).

Facile syntheses of the meso-tetra-p-tolylporphyrin (TTP) complexes trans-(TTP)Ti(THF)(2) (1), (TTP)Sn (2), and trans-(TTP)V(THF)(2) (3) are achieved through homogeneous reduction of high-valent precursors using NaBEt(3)H. The composition of the new compound trans-(TTP)Ti(THF)(2) was determined by spectroscopic and chemical characterization. Ligand displacement reactions of trans-(TTP)Ti(THF)(2) with t-BuNC produced a new Ti(II) complex, trans-(TTP)Ti(t-BuNC)(2). The ligand-binding preference of (TTP)Ti(II)L(n)() (n = 1, 2) is picoline approximately pyridine > t-BuNC > PhC&tbd1;CPh > EtC&tbd1;CEt > THF.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Flavone acetic acid (FAA) with recombinant interleukin-2 (TIL-2) in advanced malignant melanoma. II: Induction of nitric oxide production.

Plasma samples were collected from 20 patients undergoing phase I clinical trial with flavone-8-acetic acid (FAA; 4.8 g m-2 per dose) in combination with recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2; 6-18 i.u. m-2 per day) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Samples were analysed for nitrate content as an indication of the oxidation of L-arginine to nitric oxide. Pretreatment plasma nitrate levels (53 +/- 4 microM) were significantly above those of healthy volunteers (19 +/- 4 microM). The maximum plasma nitrate concentration obtained after treatment, 190 +/- 29 microM (range 49 to 655 microM), was comparable to that of mice treated with FAA. Most of the increases occurred 3-5 days after initiation of a 5 day infusion of rhIL-2, but three of the increases occurred within 2 days of a 1 h infusion of FAA alone. The maximum plasma nitrate concentrations of the three patients which underwent remission (two complete, one partial) following treatment (368 +/- 143 microM) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of patients with progressive disease. Hypotension was the major dose-limiting side effect, and there was no relationship between the degree of hypotension and the rise in plasma nitrate. The results provide evidence that treatment of patients with FAA and rhIL-2 induce the synthesis of nitric oxide, a physiological mediator and potential cytotoxic agent.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biological significance of beta hCG, HLA and other membrane antigen expression on bladder tumours and their relationship to tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).

Expression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) by bladder tumours has been shown to be associated with increased metastases and resistance to treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Preliminary results from typing frozen tumours using monoclonal antibodies against HLA determinants show reduced or lost expression of one or more antigens in two thirds of patients studied with a trend for more malignant behaviour and inability to generate tumour infiltrating lymphocyte expression using Interleukin-2 in those patients whose tumours demonstrate loss. In this series beta hCG expression was only seen in a subgroup of those demonstrating loss of HLA antigen expression. Studies of beta hCG secreting bladder cancer cell lines showed that it was possible to induce class II HLA antigen expression with gamma Interferon, and that this treatment but not alpha Interferon reduced beta hCG production by the cell line.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed2004

'Til cell death do us part: nitric oxide and mechanisms of hepatotoxicity.

Like many juggernauts in biology, the elusive nature of nitric oxide (NO) sprints through the fields, sometimes the savior, at other times the scimitar. In the liver, which is the metabolic center of the organism, hepatocytes and immune cells trade blows using the reactive diatomic molecule NO to induce cellular damage under toxic conditions. In response, hepatocytes can utilize several mechanisms of NO to their protective advantage by prohibiting the activation of programmed cell death, a.k.a. apoptosis. The balance of these effects in this reactive milieu set the stage for the homeostatic response to cellular injury that determines whether hepatocytes will live, die, or regenerate. Insights that we and others have gained from the liver under pathologic conditions of stress can be applied to the understanding of cellular death mechanisms in other organs and tissues.

Animals↗