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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Toothbrushing and gingival recession.

AIM: To review the hypothesis that toothbrushing leads to gingival recession. Gingival recession develops due to anatomical and pathological factors. The prevalence of recession is dependent on the age and characteristic of the population because it usually presents in individuals with periodontal disease or those who practise zealous or improper oral hygiene methods. Gingival trauma and gingival abrasion from toothbrushing is thought to progress directly to gingival recession. Case studies documenting recession from toothbrush trauma are speculative. Short-term studies suggest that gingival trauma and gingival abrasion may result from toothbrushing, but the direct relationship between traumatic home care and gingival recession is inconclusive. Long-term studies remain elusive or do not support the development of recession following toothbrushing. Nevertheless, tooth abrasion may be an integral part in the aetiology of recession. Toothbrush abrasion also may cause wear at the cemento-enamel junction resulting in the destruction of the supporting periodontium leading to recession.

Gingival Recession↗
PubMed1996

The association of tooth lead content with dental health factors.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships of lead content in the human tooth with the prevalence of caries, dental plaque, pH of saliva, levels of Salivalis lactobacilli (SL) and Mutans streptococci (MS), degree of dental abrasion, tooth colour and toothbrushing frequency. A total of 220 teeth (one per person) were analysed using a microwave oven digestion procedure and lead content was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Tooth lead content followed a logarithmic-normal distribution and it increased with the prevalence of caries. Tooth lead concentrations were positively correlated with all the considered dental health factors except the pH of saliva, for which there was a significant negative correlation. Coloured teeth and teeth subject to abrasion showed the highest lead content. The highest number of colonies of SL and MS in saliva paralleled the highest lead tooth levels. Teeth obtained from irregular brushers presented higher tooth lead contents than subjects with a regular toothbrushing frequency. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between tooth lead levels and dental plaque surface, Salivalis lactobacilli number, dental abrasion and dental colour. We conclude that accumulation of lead in teeth is associated with those dental health factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Ill effects of improper oral hygeine procedure.

Improper use of the tools that prevent tooth decay and gingival disease can also produce harmful effects. For example, dental floss can cause inflammation; toothbrushes could cause abscesses; and water-irrigation devices might drive foreign material into soft tissue. This report discusses the effects of incorrect oral hygiene, the signs the practioner should notice, and the proper corrective steps. Although effective oral hygiene is essential for the maintenance of healthy teeth and supporting tissues, analysis of the literature and clinical observation suggested that six problem areas may be associated with common oral hygiene measures. --Overly vigorous toothbrushing or using the wrong type of brush for the technique often leads to cervical tooth abrasion, gingival irritation, and gingival recession, or all of these problems. --Uncontrolled or overly vigorous dental flossing may lead to irritation, ulceration, or defects of the gingiva. Proximal root surfaces are rarely abraded. --Dentifrices, mouthwashes, and chewing gum may elicit allergic or toxic reactions in susceptible persons. These reactions take a variety of traumatic injuries, especially if used at high pressure. Perhaps, detailed individual instruction should be given by dental personnel before use. --Abscess of gingival tissues may occur from implantation of fragments of such oral hygiene aids as toothbrush bristles and toothpicks. --Bacteria may enter the bloodstream during certain oral hygiene measures, especially in patients with advanced chronic gingival disease. The rate of occurrence is unknown because of conflicting results in different studies. These bacteremias are of concern to patients who have rheumatic heart disease, prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic joints, and renal dialysis shunts, or fistulas used in renal dialysis. A classification of oral hygiene-caused disorders is proposed, based on the injury and the causative agent.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed1994

Non-carious cervical lesions.

Non-carious cervical lesions are commonly encountered in clinical practice and present in a variety of forms. A knowledge of the aetiology of these lesions is important for preventing further lesions, halting progression of lesions already present, and determining appropriate treatment. The most commonly cited aetiological factors thought to lead to the development of cervical lesions are erosion, abrasion and tooth flexure. Evidence supports a multifactorial aetiology for non-carious cervical lesions. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence for each of these aetiological factors as it relates to the development of non-carious cervical lesions. Specific features of cervical lesions linked to these factors, including their morphology, location, prevalence and distribution by age and sex will be discussed. Suggestions for future research into the cause and prevention of non-carious cervical lesions will be presented.

Dental Occlusion, Traumatic↗
PubMed1996

Case-control study of non-carious cervical lesions.

An exploratory case-control study of non-carious cervical lesions was undertaken to examine the effects of a variety of risk factors. Candidate exposure variables were related to erosion, abrasion, and tooth flexure, the three principal putative causal mechanisms for cervical lesions. Because previous studies have tended to focus on specific causal mechanisms, evidence for a multifactorial etiology is inconclusive. Data describing exposure factors were obtained through clinical examination, dietary and behavioral questionnaires, and analysis of study casts from 264 subjects (137 cases, 127 control). Salivary data were also obtained for a subset of these subjects. Patient and tooth-level logistic regression models were constructed for the full subject group, and the subset with salivary data. For the two patient-level models, only exposures related to brushing entered. For tooth-level models, multiple exposures representing all three causal mechanisms were included in both models. The results suggest that non-carious cervical lesions do have a multifactorial etiology, and that multiple causal mechanisms may operate in the initiation and progression of individual lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eighteen-month clinical performance of a self-etching primer in unprepared class V resin restorations.

This study evaluated the clinical performance of unprepared Class V resin composites, placed using a self-etching primer and a single-bottle adhesive, over a period of 18 months. Thirty-eight pairs of restorations of Renew hybrid resin composite (BISCO, Inc) were placed using adhesives from the same manufacturer in caries-free cervical erosion/abfraction lesions. Based on insensitivity to air, the dentin in 76% of these lesions was considered to be sclerotic. The restorations were placed without abrasion of tooth surfaces, except for cleaning with plain pumice. One of each pair was placed using Tyrian, a self-etching primer and the other was placed using One-Step, a single-bottle adhesive placed after acid etching. Both the etchant and self-etching primer were applied for 20 seconds. The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months, using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria. For both adhesives, very low retention of 50% to 56% of the restorations was observed over 18 months, leading to the conclusion that tooth surfaces must receive some additional treatment prior to restoration with these adhesives. No statistically significant difference (p=0.75) between the two adhesives was observed in overall performance, and dentinal sclerosis and axial depth did not appear to be important factors in the study.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non carious cervical lesions. A review.

Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) are characterized by a loss of hard dental tissue near the cement-enamel-junction. Commonly, their shape is like a wedge with the apex pointing inwards. Other times, they appear as regular depressions, like a dome or a cup. Their main characteristic is the presence of hard-mineralized tissue. According to the literature, the prevalence of cervical lesions is 85%, while their incidence is about 18% among permanent teeth. NCCL are currently classified as erosion, abrasion, or abfraction. Their etiology seems to be related to different factors: hexogen and endogen acids, mechanical abrasive action, tooth flexion under axial and non-axial loads. Moreover, it seems that a fundamental role is ascribable to tooth bending phenomena due to the strength components parallel or oblique to the occlusal level, which occur during the normal function as well as during parafunctions. The frequent therapeutic failures are probably due to the same factors causing the onset of the original lesion. Several materials have been proposed to restore NCCL: amalgam (abandoned), glass-ionomer cements, compomers, and composite resins. Early failures of these restorations have often been reported in the literature, probably due to the same factors which originally caused the lesions. Further investigations are required to determine more reliable restorative therapies.

Compomers↗
PubMed1998

The tooth reduction and abrasion in a group of elderly home residents.

The degree of tooth loss and abrasion was the objective of the study on a group of 73 partially dentate elderly home residents, with particular interest in the type of missing and abraded tooth and the type of the interocclusal contacts according to the Eichner classification. The patients were examined by a dental mirror and a probe. The obtained data of dental status as well as medical and dental history were recorded in a specially designed questionnaire according to the WHO recommendations. The results confirmed the hypothesis about the molars being the most commonly missing teeth, with average values of 4.49 present teeth in lateral section and 5.82 present teeth in frontal section of the dental arch. The Eichner index class III was the most often interocclusal relationship found within 74% of the elderly home residents. Lower teeth were abraded more often than the upper teeth, showing higher abrasion degrees (class 2 and 3).

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Case report: tooth wear associated with an unusual habit.

Pathological tooth wear is an increasing problem affecting a significant proportion of the population. Although different wear mechanisms have been described, most reports in the literature concentrate on cases in which the predominant mechanisms were erosion and attrition. This article presents an unusual case of abrasive tooth wear caused by a sand eating habit which the patient had adopted as a child. Different causes of "abrasive" wear are discussed and the difficulties in management of this case are also presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Microleakage of three sealants following conventional, bur, and air-abrasion preparation of pits and fissures.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the microleakage of a filled sealant with a drying agent (UltraSeal XT plus), a filled sealant (Prismashield) and an unfilled sealant (Delton), after conventional, bur, and air-abrasion tooth preparation techniques. SETTING: The study was completed in a clinical setting at the Simulated Practice Environment Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. SAMPLE AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty extracted teeth were cleaned and divided randomly into three groups. Group 1 was prepared using acid etch only. Group 2 was prepared with a 1/4 round bur in a low-speed handpiece followed by acid etching. Group 3 was prepared with high speed (120PSI) microabrasion using 27 microm alpha-alumina particles in a Midwest Airtouch unit. The teeth in each group were randomly assigned to one of the three subgroups according to the sealant applied. Subgroup A was sealed with a filled sealant with drying agent, B with a filled sealant only, and C with an unfilled sealant. All teeth were stored in artificial saliva for 7 days at 37 degrees C. After this, the teeth were coated with nail varnish 1 mm from the sealant and immersed in 1% methylene blue dye for 48 h at 37 degrees C. Each tooth was sectioned at four locations buccolingually and a total of 665 sections were ranked (0-3) for microleakage. Statistical analysis was completed using the Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: UltraSeal XT plus, the filled sealant with drying agent, showed significantly less microleakage than the other two sealants (P < 0.05). Delton, the unfilled sealant, showed significantly less microleakage than Prismashield, the filled sealant (P < 0.05). Air abrasion with acid etch showed significantly less microleakage than either bur with acid etch or acid etch alone. There was however, no significant difference between the bur and acid etch tooth preparations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: UltraSeal XT plus was the most effective sealant for preventing microleakage in this study. The most successful method of preparation was air abrasion with acid etch.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1997

An adolescent female Neandertal mandible from Montgaudier Cave, Charente, France.

In 1974, an incomplete human mandible was discovered in the site of Montgaudier Cave, along the Tardoire (Charente), France. The mandible was found in association with stone tools and animal bones in geological deposits referable to the very end of the Middle Pleistocene or the beginning of the Upper Pleistocene. The mandible preserves much of the anterior part of the body and three permanent teeth: left lateral incisor, canine and first molar. Estimates based on tooth eruption of modern humans, as well as occlusal wear and root development, suggest an age at death of between 12.5 and 14.5 years. Morphologically, the fossil possesses features, such as a lack of a chin and multiple mental foramina, which have been observed on immature Neandertal mandibular specimens from Europe. Comparison with these immature European Neandertals indicates that the jaw and teeth of the Montgaudier mandible are small for its chronological age, suggesting it was that of a female.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Canine tip wear in male and female anthropoids.

One component of the "dual selection hypothesis" (Greenfield [1992a] Year. Phys. Anthropol. 35:153-185) is that the tips of female canines are commonly blunted and more frequently so than those of conspecific males. Data derived from two randomly selected age-graded samples of Macaca fascicularis (n = 70) and Colobus badius (n = 59) show that at least 80% of the females exhibit tip blunting on one or both canines and that frequencies of blunting are far greater than those of conspecific males in both jaws. Sexual dimorphism in mandibular canine morphology and wear and other recently critiqued aspects of the "dual selection hypothesis" (Plavcan and Kelley [1996] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 99:379-387.) are also discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Tooth wear and compensatory modification of the anterior dentoalveolar complex in humans.

In populations living in environments where teeth wear severely, some compensatory modification of the dentoalveolar complex is thought to occur during life whereby functional occlusion is maintained as tooth substance is lost by wear. This study investigates one aspect of this modification process: Changes in the anterior dentoalveolar complex that are accompanied with wear were examined in a series of Japanese skeletal samples. In the prehistoric Japanese hunter-gatherer population heavy wear occurs over the entire dentition. The following changes were demonstrated to have occurred in the anterior segment of the dentition accompanied by wear on the anterior teeth: The anterior teeth tip lingually with wear up to a nearly upright position to fill in interproximal spaces that would have been generated by wear, and to maintain contact relations between adjacent teeth. At the same time, the anterior surface of the maxillary alveolar process also inclines lingually to a certain extent. The amount of lingual tipping is greater in the maxillary anterior teeth than in their mandibular antagonists. It is because of this discrepancy that, with age, the horizontal component of the overlap between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth decreases, and their bite form changes from scissor bite to edge-to-edge bite. Lesser degrees of lingual tipping of the anterior teeth were also detected in the prehistoric agriculturists and historic Japanese populations. The variation in the degree of lingual tipping observed among the samples is explained by inter-population variation in severity and pattern of tooth wear. This and other evidence suggests that mechanisms that compensate for wear in the anterior dentition may be characteristic of all living human populations, independently of the degree of wear severity endured in their environments.

Adolescent↗