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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

An in vitro comparison of different bleaching agents in the discolored tooth.

Extracted teeth with intact crowns were stained to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of four bleaching agent combinations. Forty-two permanent and 12 deciduous teeth were used. The bleaching agents were placed into coronal pulp chambers and then evaluated and rated at 1-, 3-, 7-, and 14-day and 6-month intervals. New sodium perborate combined with fresh Superoxol was the most effective bleaching agent with 93% success (the final shade was as light as the prestained shade). New sodium perborate and 1-yr-old Superoxol was 73% successful. New sodium perborate with distilled water and old sodium perborate with distilled water were both 53% successful. Deciduous teeth demonstrated a response to bleaching agents similar to that of permanent teeth. Color regression after 6 months was found in 4% of the cases. When it occurred, the degree of color regression was minimal.

Borates↗
PubMed2004

Oral health care knowledge and practices of a group of deaf adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine the oral health care knowledge and practices of a group of deaf adolescents in Lagos. METHODS: The study involved 50 students of Wesley School 1 for the Deaf, Lagos (26 males and 24 females, aged 10-19 years, mean 13.3 +/- 2.8). Information about previous dental care, oral hygiene, and snacking habits were obtained through a questionnaire and sign language by the teachers. RESULTS: Only 12 percent of pupils had received dental care. Eight percent and 72 percent, respectively, gave correct answers to causes of tooth decay and bleeding gums. Ninety-four percent brushed their teeth once daily, with no significant sex difference (P > .05). Reported dental problems include bleeding gums (36%), tooth discoloration, and tooth decay. The majority of pupils (60%) preferred biscuits and soft drinks as snacks. More than 90 percent were willing to have a dental check-up. CONCLUSIONS: The oral health knowledge and practices of this group of children will improve through a controlled school-based oral health education program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Vital bleach of hemorrhagic discoloration.

An unusual case is presented of a maxillary central incisor with hemorrhagic discoloration that was successfully treated with the thermocatalytic vital bleach technique. This case emphasizes the need for a thorough radiographic and clinical examination to include vitality tests when a patient presents with a discolored tooth.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Dental discoloration: an overview.

UNLABELLED: Often the first evidence of variation from normal in human dentition is an observable difference in the color of the teeth. During the past decade, the demand for conservative esthetic dentistry has grown dramatically. Tooth discoloration is a frequent dental finding, associated with clinical and esthetic problems. It differs in etiology, appearance, composition, location, severity, and firmness in adherence to the tooth surface. Basically, there are two types of tooth discolorations: those caused by extrinsic factors and those caused by intrinsic congenital or systemic influence. The intensity of stains may be worsened if there are enamel defects. Tooth discoloration presents two major challenges to the dental team. The first challenge is to ascertain the cause of the stain; the second is its management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This article reviews the etiology and clinical presentation of dental stains and outlines treatment options.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

Minocycline-associated tooth staining.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of tooth discoloration in an adult after minocycline treatment for arthritis. CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old white women presented with blue-black staining of her lower anterior teeth after 4 months of minocycline therapy for arthritis. Her other medications are not known to cause discoloration of teeth. While the patient continued taking minocycline, her dentist was not able to remove the discoloration. Within 1 month after discontinuation of the minocycline, the dentist was able to remove the discoloration entirely. DISCUSSION: Minocycline, a synthetic derivative of tetracycline, has been shown to cause abnormal pigmentation of the skin, thyroid gland, nails, bone, sclera, and conjunctiva in adults. It also has been shown to cause tooth discoloration in a few patients. This case is unusual in that the tooth discoloration disappeared after discontinuing minocycline therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This complication of minocycline is more commonly thought of in the pediatric population. However, clinicians need to be aware of this adverse drug reaction, as this agent may be used increasingly in the treatment of adults with arthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of intrinsic tooth discolouration among 11-16 year-old Nigerians.

600 children aged 12 to 16 years were examined in the Surulere Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria to determine the prevalence and types of intrinsic tooth discoloration. 306 boys and 294 girls were selected from six schools (3 primary and 3 secondary schools) by stratified random sampling. The teeth of the children were examined in a wet state for intrinsic stains, however, no attempt was made at aetiologic diagnosis of enamel hypoplasia and enamel opacities, diagnosis were based on clinical presentations. A 37.7% (226) prevalence of intrinsic tooth discolouration was recorded among the subjects. 36.0% (110) of the boys and 39.5% (116) of the girls had intrinsic tooth discolourations. The differences in prevalence of intrinsic tooth discolouration among the sexes and among the social classes were not statistically significant (p = 0.375 and p = 0.272). There was, however, a statistical difference in prevalence of intrinsic tooth discolouration among the age categories (p = 0.0013), with the older adolescents showing a higher prevalence of stains. This is linked to the greater possibility of presenting with acquired intrinsic tooth discolouration as one gets older. The commonest types of intrinsic tooth discoloration were enamel opacities (23.0%), tetracycline staining (9.2%) and enamel hypoplasia (7.3%). Other intrinsic tooth discolourations were those due to dental caries (4.3%), pulp necrosis/ haemorrhage (0.8%), toothwear (0.3%), and discoloured restorations (0.3%). A very low level of utilisation of dental services was noted, with 91.5% (549) of the subjects reporting that they had never visited a dentist. The common intrinsic tooth discolorations seen in the study are those usually associated with childhood malnutrition, preventable childhood diseases and the irrational use of drugs (tetracyclines). There is a need to intensify child immunization efforts in the community as well as health education and promotion activities geared toward proper nutrition and the rational use of drugs. The establishment of school meals in primary and secondary schools in the LGA will go a long way in improving nutrition and prevent the tooth discolouration types associated with poor nutrition. Dental services may be made more available, accessible and affordable for the children by the establishment of a school oral healthcare programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Porcelain for veneers.

An ideal porcelain veneer placed on a non-discolored tooth requires the least amount of tooth preparation and the use of a translucent porcelain that interferes minimally with the transmission of light. In contrast, veneering a discolored tooth requires additional tooth preparation and the use of a chromatic or opacious porcelain. This article discusses several criteria for the selection of porcelain for porcelain veneers, including some steps to enhance the esthetic properties of these restorations.

Dental Porcelain↗
PubMed1996

[Micro-abrasions of enamel: an alternative to the elimination of superficial demineralization and decalcification].

Tooth discoloration's may cause serious damage to the aesthetic appearance of the patients. These discoloration's can be treated in several ways but up to lately tooth structure had to be removed in an irreversible manner in order to provide sufficient bulk for the new restorative material. Nowadays thanks to the work of T. Croll and others a method has been established in a scientific way whereby tooth discoloration's confined to the outermost layer of enamel can be removed, through the application of an compound called PREMA which will simultaneous erode and abrade the enamel surface. If carefully selected the discoloration can be removed with only a limited loss of tooth structure. The authors describe the historical background of the method. Furthermore patient's selection, specific instruments and materials are described in detail. The clinical procedure is explained step by step, followed by a complete report of the effects of the procedure on the different tooth structures. Finally the long term results are discussed and the possibility to enhance the result by combining this method with home bleaching.

Complex Mixtures↗
PubMed1996

[Micro-abrasion of the enamel: an alternative to the removal of demineralization and superficial decalcification].

Tooth discoloration's may cause serious damage to the aesthetic appearance of the patients. These discoloration's can be treated in several ways but up to lately tooth structure had to be removed in an irreversible manner in order to provide sufficient bulk for the new restorative material. Nowadays thanks to the work of T. Croll and others a method has been established in a scientific way whereby tooth discoloration's confined to the outermost layer of enamel can be removed, through the application of an compound called PREMA which will simultaneous erode and abrade the enamel surface. If carefully selected the discoloration can be removed with only a limited loss of tooth structure. The authors describe the historical background of the method. Furthermore patient's selection, specific instruments and materials are described in detail. The clinical procedure is explained step by step, followed by a complete report of the effects of the procedure on the different tooth structures. Finally the long term results are discussed and the possibility to enhance the result by combining this method with home bleaching.

Complex Mixtures↗
PubMed2002

Tooth whitening today.

BACKGROUND: Methods to improve the esthetics of the dentition by tooth whitening are of interest to dentists, their patients and the public. In the past 20 years, research on bleaching and other methods of removing tooth discolorations has dramatically increased. Dentist-supervised and over-the-counter products now are available to solve a variety of tooth discoloration problems without restorative intervention. The indications for appropriate use of tooth-whitening methods and products are dependent on correct diagnosis of the discoloration. OVERVIEW: Tooth-whitening methods include the use of peroxide bleaching agents to remove internal discolorations or abrasive products to remove external stains. Peroxide bleaching procedures are completed by the dentist in single or multiple appointments, or by the patient over a period of weeks to months using custom trays loaded with a bleaching agent. Both methods are safe and effective when supervised by the dentist. Microabrasion is indicated for the removal of isolated discolorations that often are associated with fluorosis. Whitening toothpastes remove surface stains only through the polishing effect of the abrasives they contain. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Tooth whitening is a form of dental treatment and should be completed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan developed by a dentist after an oral examination. When used appropriately, tooth-whitening methods are safe and effective.

Dental Devices, Home Care↗
PubMed2005

Drug-induced disorders of teeth.

It is essential that every health care professional who is involved with the prescription or recommendation of drugs be fully aware of any resultant disorders that may arise as a side-effect. A range of drugs can affect the teeth. In this review article, drugs that have the potential to induce changes in teeth have been classified as those leading to tooth discoloration (intrinsic and extrinsic), physical damage to tooth structure (enamel, dentin, and cementum), and alteration in tooth sensitivity.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed2000

Impact of demographic, behavioral, and dental care utilization parameters on tooth color and personal satisfaction.

A cross-sectional survey across broad age ranges was conducted to evaluate demographic, behavioral, and treatment parameters that impact tooth color and its perception. The sample included 180 US adults and teenagers, with a comparable representation of males and females in 6 different age strata, ranging from 13 to 64 years. Tooth color (L*a*b*) was measured on the maxillary central incisors using a spectrophotometer, and first-person satisfaction with tooth color was assessed using a five-point qualitative scale. Demographic, behavioral, and oral care parameters were modeled using multiple regression analysis. After adjusting for other explanatory variables, age, gender, coffee/tea consumption, and dental care all significantly affected yellowing (b*) and brightness (L*). Dental-visit frequency was the only factor that significantly predicted self-satisfaction with tooth color, explaining just 3% of the overall variability. First-person dissatisfaction with tooth color was common and found in most demographic and behavioral cohorts. Although age contributed to objectively measured tooth discoloration, personal satisfaction with tooth color was age-independent. These results suggest that the need or demand for esthetic dentistry may be broad-based and transcend stereotypical perceptions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recent findings in classification of osteogenesis imperfecta by means of existing dental symptoms.

The findings are based on a clinical investigation conducted on forty-nine patients suffering from osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), as well as on a questionnaire study in which 117 osteogenesis imperfecta-affected persons or their parents were involved. The survey established pathological tooth discolorations as well as tooth abrasions. Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) was more frequently found in primary teeth than in permanent teeth. There were no gender-specific differences. Radiological abnormalities were found in both, abraded and/or discolored teeth, as well as in clinically normal appearing teeth. In most cases there were club-shaped extensions of the pulp chambers and obliterations of the root canals. The probability that dentinogenesis imperfecta occurs as an accompanying symptom of osteogenesis imperfecta was not dependent on the degree of skeletal severity. The self-assignment according to A and B forms of osteogenesis imperfecta types I and IV in accordance with the presence/absence of dental symptoms was contradictory, since the literature was based on varying classifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Extrinsic discoloration of teeth.

The majority of tooth discolorations are extrinsic in nature and appear as brown integuments. Various clinical indices and photometric techniques have been used for the evaluation of extrinsic discolorations. Smoking, tea or coffee consumption and increasing age are promoting factors and such discolorations are frequently seen in connection with oral use of antibacterial plaque-inhibiting mouthrinses. Chemical alteration of the acquired pellicle appears to be the major reason for these brown integuments.

Age Factors↗