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Results for “Tooth Socket”

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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Effect of number of projections on accuracy of depth discrimination using tuned-aperture computed tomography for 3-dimensional dentoalveolar imaging of low-contrast details.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the number of projections influences the accuracy of a simple depth discrimination task when tuned-aperture computed tomography is used. STUDY DESIGN: In each of 4 partially edentulous mandibles, 2 radiopaque steel spheres were attached to the facial and lingual surfaces and 1 ceramic sphere was place in the apical region of an open tooth socket. Errors in estimates of the depth of the apically positioned ceramic sphere relative to the 2 steel spheres were determined from 3-dimensional tuned-aperture computed tomography reconstructions. These data were compared with actual measurements produced independently by means of an optical micrometer. Multiple projections were produced from radially symmetric exposures bearing an angular disparity of 15 degrees. The number of symmetrically dispersed projections per tuned-aperture computed tomography reconstruction was varied systematically (2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 projections). The consequences of this variable, as well as specimen and observer effects, were evaluated in a balanced factorial experimental design. Depth estimates were performed by 10 trained observers. The depth reported was that corresponding to the tuned-aperture computed tomography slice perceived to yield the image of the ceramic sphere in sharpest focus. Resulting data were normalized by logarithmic transformation and analyzed statistically by analysis of variance. RESULTS: No statistically meaningful effects were found for the number of projections (P = .607) or for different observers (P = .093), but a significant specimen effect was demonstrated (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Factors other than high contrast limit the perception of image sharpness under these conditions. Depth may be estimated accurately from relatively small numbers of projections.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1992

High-speed filming of the Periotest measurement.

Periodontal disease may be diagnosed with the Periotest technique, which involves electronically controlled and reproducible percussion of tooth. The movement on percussion was investigated with high-speed film and then compared with the return of teeth after static deflection for several seconds as has been reported previously by Lukas and Scholz. The elastic and viscous properties of the periodontium and the surrounding bony tooth socket are to a large extent non-linear. The 10-20 microns deflection of the healthy tooth represents only a fraction of static tooth mobility published by Parfitt or Schulte et al. The visco-elastic properties of a healthy tooth enabling the percussion of the Periotest tapping head to be decelerated in less than 1 ms are largely lost in periodontitis. It is this essential difference which the Periotest method utilizes.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1984

Differential response in alveolar bone osteoclasts residing at two different bone sites.

Using a histochemical method for demonstrating acid phosphatase activity, we have studied osteoclasts residing at two different bone sites in rat incisor alveolar bone, one at the endosteum and the other at the tooth socket, and compared the response of these osteoclasts to systemic changes. After 12 days of calcium (0%) or phosphorus (0.2%) deprivation, the number of osteoclasts/cross section at the endosteum increased 463% (P less than 0.001) and 103% (P less than 0.002), respectively. After 10 days of calcium or phosphorus replenishment, the number of osteoclasts at this bone site decreased to levels not significantly different from those in the control. In contrast, the number of osteoclasts at the incisor socket remained insignificantly changed throughout the experimental period. A similar osteoclast differential response was also observed in the alveolar bone surrounding the first molar tooth. After 12 days of calcium deprivation, the number of osteoclasts/mm bone surface increased 371% (P less than 0.001) at the endosteum but remained insignificantly changed at the first molar socket. These results suggest that an osteoclast differential response exists in alveolar bone and that the response may be of significance inasmuch as the major function of alveolar bone is to support the teeth. The work described here supports the concept of local as well as systemic regulation of bone metabolism to simultaneously perform the dual functions of mineral homeostasis and mechanical support.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of the teeth in genetic fingerprinting].

Blood, hairs and sperm are tissues currently used in forensic science to carry out DNA fingerprints in the field of individual identification. Our study aims at showing that dental pulp can also be an exploitable DNA source. A quantitative and qualitative DNA investigation on a yield gel with sizing extracted from this tissue shows that the molecule appears to be in a great quantity and of a high molecular weight. The last characteristic allows the use of the restriction fragments length polymorphic technique to make DNA fingerprints, based on the individual variations of the restriction sites disposition, within the DNA molecule, for a given enzyme. Thus, for an enzyme, the length of the restriction fragments obtained and revealed by a probe, is visualized by autoradiograph. According to this technique, we compared the DNA fingerprints obtained on 8 persons with the probe MS43A, from both pulpal and nucleated blood cells. During the extraction of the third molar of each sample, a small quantity of blood was taken in the tooth socket. In the same time DNA was recovered. For a same person, the autoradiograph showed the same pattern for both blood and tooth sample. The DNA profile similitude confirms the possibility of using the tooth for genetic analysis. The interest in using dental tissues as a DNA source of individual identification falls within the particular character of resistance of this organ towards physical or chemical exterior aggressions. The tooth which until now was used in Anthropology and Forensic Science for its morphological aspects could be used this way for genetic study.

Autoradiography↗

PubMed1992

Use of bovine osteogenic protein to promote rapid osseointegration of endosseous dental implants.

An enriched bovine osteogenic protein preparation in combination with bone collagen matrix (osteogenic protein device) was used to effect new bone growth in extraction sites in the presence or absence of titanium dental implants. Incisor and canine teeth were extracted from each of three cynomolgus monkeys, and implants were inserted directly into the sockets without surgical site preparation. The osteogenic protein device induced new bone formation in close apposition to the titanium implants in all trials within 3 weeks. A lesser amount of new bone formation in both sets of control sites was limited to the bony socket walls and not closely apposed to the implant. These data show that the osteogenic protein device is capable of inducing new bone formation in tooth sockets within 3 weeks in the presence or absence of titanium implants. This is the first known demonstration of the therapeutic induction of bone formation in close apposition to metallic implants.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Experimental study of periodontal tissue regeneration. Changes in the periodontium after tooth implantation with and without periodontal ligament].

The role of the periodontal ligament in periodontal tissue regeneration was evaluated. The materials included bilateral upper 1st premolars and lower 2nd, 3rd, and 4th premolars of 11 adult Beagle dogs, aged from 3 to 6 years. Before implantation, the right teeth were extracted and kept for a period of more than 3 months in "a solution for reserving teeth". The left teeth on the other hand, were extracted and soon implanted thus retaining the periodontal ligament into the newly created bone cavities prepared in the right edentulous areas. At the same time, the right reserved teeth were implanted into the left tooth sockets. Implanted teeth were periodically observed macroscopically, radiographically, and histologically for a 6-month period. Macroscopical observation showed good clinical repair in the bilateral sides of the tooth implantation with and without a periodontal ligament. After a 6-week experimental period, radiographic observations of the implanted lower right teeth having a periodontal ligament revealed lamina dura-like findings. Histopathological investigation revealed ankylosis and root resorption on the left side, where the reserved teeth without a periodontal ligament were implanted. But regeneration of the periodontal tissue complex, which consisted of the gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament, was generally observed in the implanted right teeth having a periodontal ligament. These results suggest that the periodontal ligament cells play a significant role in periodontal tissue regeneration.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Long-term effect of desalivation on extraction wound healing: a densitometric study in rats.

The study evaluates radiographically the long-term changes that occur during the healing of tooth sockets in a desalivated rat model. Experimental rats underwent sialadenectomy of the submandibular and sublingual glands and ligation of the parotid ducts. Mandibular left first molars were extracted and the rats killed at 0, 14, 21, 28, 45 and 60 days post-extraction. The mandibles were removed, cleaned of soft tissue, placed on a size 2 dental X-ray film and exposed together with an aluminium stepwedge 0.5-3.0 mm. Socket density was measured using a digital densitometer and related to the equivalent density of aluminium. The density of the image of the apical area of the socket was similar in control and desalivated groups (P > 0.05) throughout the study. However, the density of the image of the crestal area of the socket was lower (P < 0.01-0.001) between days 21 and 60 in desalivated rats. This suggests that desalivation causes a long-term delay in socket healing.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1989

A histomorphometric analysis of the alveolar bone resorption process in calcium-deficient rats.

The present study was carried out to investigate the morphological changes in the alveolar bone in rats fed a low calcium diet, in order to establish an experimental model of alveolar bone resorption. Male Wistar rats (70-85 g in body weight) were either fed a low calcium diet (0.05% Ca, 0.35% P) or a control diet (0.5% Ca, 0.35% P) by using a pair feeding technique. The rats were sacrificed at intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 20 days. No difference was found in the growth rate between the control and the low calcium group. In the low calcium group, the bone area significantly reduced at day 3 and progressively decreased to 46% of that of the controls by the end of the experiment. The bone resorption was obvious in the cancellous bone during the early period of the experiment and then the cortical bone was seen to resorb. However, the contour of bone and the rate of bone apposition did not change. At day 20, bone still remained in three regions: the alveolar bone proper that surrounds the tooth sockets, a few cancellous bones and a thin wall-like cortical bone. These results suggest that the process of alveolar bone resorption is related to the mechanical forces induced by the occlusal function of the tooth and, further, that this experimental model might be useful for investigating the mechanism of alveolar bone resorption and disorders of the alveolar bone.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

PubMed1994

Early alveolar ridge osteogenesis following tooth extraction in the rat.

Following tooth extraction, fluorochrome bone labels were injected intraperitoneally at intervals to identify mineralizing bone surfaces. At 5, 10 and 14 days post-extraction, the rats were killed. The mineral apposition rate, mineralizing surface and mineral formation rate were determined at various locations around the healing tooth socket. Linear trends in mineral apposition rate (p < 0.000001), mineralizing surface (p < 0.000001) and mineral formation rate (p = 0.00008) were seen around the socket, decreasing from gingivopalatal to gingivobuccal regions. These differences may be due to variations in vascularity as the gingivopalatal region is adjacent to the greater palatine artery. The mineral formation rate and mineralizing surface were significantly higher in the rats killed at 14 days after tooth extraction than at the other two post-extraction time points. This may be related to an earlier peak rate of bone resorption.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1987

Mechanisms of tooth eruption in a computer-generated analysis of functional jaw deformations in man.

Two mechanisms that contribute to tooth eruption are proposed from analysis of the human jaws as elastic structures which are deformed intermittently under functional occlusal loads. One possible source of eruptive force is the transient pressure gradient established within each jaw as it is deformed. The second source, suggested by the computer model, is a consequence of the tension placed on periodontal-ligament fibres as individual tooth-sockets are distorted within the deformed jaws.

Bite Force↗

PubMed1997

Axial ultrasonographic imaging of the fetal maxilla for accurate characterization of facial clefts.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether scanning of the fetal midface in the axial plane allows accurate characterization of facial clefts. During fetal anatomic survey, facial clefts were identified in six fetuses. The midface anatomy was evaluated with ultrasonography in the coronal and axial planes, and the clefts were characterized prospectively as unilateral or bilateral and as involving the lip alone or both the lip and the palate. The integrity of the upper lip was assessed in the coronal and axial planes. The continuity of the normal C-shaped curve of the tooth-bearing alveolar ridge and the anterior six tooth sockets was assessed in the axial plane. The prospective prenatal diagnosis was correlated with postnatal findings in all cases. The clefts where characterized prospectively as unilateral cleft lip (one case), unilateral cleft lip and cleft palate (four cases), and bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate (one case). The prenatal characterization was confirmed to be correct postnatally in all cases. Prenatal sonographic evaluation of the axial view of the tooth-bearing alveolar ridge of the maxilla allows accurate determination of whether a cleft is confined to the lip or involves both the lip and the palate.

Cleft Lip↗

PubMed1996

Infective endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus after allogeneic tooth transplantation: a case report.

A patient developed infective endocarditis caused by Campylobacter fetus. He gave a history of recent dental extraction and allogeneic tooth transplantation. He was treated with various antibodies to which the organism was said to be sensitive, but it was not until the transplanted tooth was removed that he started to improve. The mode of infection was thought to be blood borne through the open tooth socket from the raw chicken that he ate regularly.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Extensive subcutaneous emphysema crossing the midline after a surgical extraction: report of case.

A case of extensive subcutaneous emphysema is reported. The patient had a mandibular third molar extracted but did not experience any cervical edema until the morning after surgery. The emphysema did not appear to be caused by the surgical procedure, as emphysema caused by use of instruments becomes immediately apparent and no patient-related causes could be documented. However, a dressing of a tetracycline-steroid ointment in a petrolatum base and a hemostatic agent was placed in the tooth socket during surgery and the dressing may have allowed air into the deeper tissues. The patient was managed by hospitalization, antibiotic therapy, and rest. The tissue emphysema resolved gradually during a 5-day period.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Radiographic reconstruction of root morphology in skeletonized remains: a case study.

This is a case study in the application of a laboratory technique first described by Dr. Brion C. Smith in the Journal of Forensic Sciences in January 1992. Our study evaluated a human skull that showed perimortem and/or postmortem tooth loss. It was discovered in 1991 and deemed to have no usable dental information due to severe alveolar bone destruction. In 1994, using minor modifications of Dr. Smith's technique, we sealed off the open tooth sockets and injected a radiopaque material which, after radiographic analysis, revealed previously unobserved dental information. This report demonstrates that root morphology can be reconstructed. This yields radiographic information that may be useful in the identification of unknown human remains.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury.

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a significant global health problem. Radiotherapy is a treatment for many cancers and about 50% of patients having radiotherapy with be long-term survivors. Some will experience LRTI developing months or years later. HBOT has been suggested for LRTI based upon the ability to improve the blood supply to these tissues. It is postulated that HBOT may result in both healing of tissues and the prevention of problems following surgery. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of HBOT for treating or preventing LRTI. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Issue 3, 2004, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and DORCTHIM (hyperbaric RCT register) in September 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of HBOT versus no HBOT on LRTI prevention or healing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the relevant trials using the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook Clarke 2003) and extracted the data from the included trials. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials contributed to this review (447 participants). For pooled analyses, investigation of heterogeneity suggested important variability between trials. From single studies there was a significantly improved chance of healing following HBOT for radiation proctitis (relative risk (RR) 2.7, 95% confidence Interval (CI) 1.2 to 6.0, P = 0.02, numbers needed to treat (NNT) = 3), and following both surgical flaps (RR 8.7, 95% CI 2.7 to 27.5, P = 0.0002, NNT = 4) and hemimandibulectomy (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8, P = 0.001, NNT = 5). There was also a significantly improved probability of healing irradiated tooth sockets following dental extraction (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7, P = 0.009, NNT = 4). There was no evidence of benefit in clinical outcomes with established radiation injury to neural tissue, and no data reported on the use of HBOT to treat other manifestations of LRTI. These trials did not report adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: These small trials suggest that for people with LRTI affecting tissues of the head, neck, anus and rectum, HBOT is associated with improved outcome. HBOT also appears to reduce the chance of osteoradionecrosis following tooth extraction in an irradiated field. There was no such evidence of any important clinical effect on neurological tissues. The application of HBOT to selected patients and tissues may be justified. Further research is required to establish the optimum patient selection and timing of any therapy. An economic evaluation should be also be undertaken. There is no useful information from this review regarding the efficacy or effectiveness of HBOT for other tissues.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tooth extraction in patients suffering from hemophilia A under the cover of cryoprecipitates and epsilon-aminocaproic acid].

Tooth extractions were carried out in 75 patients with haemophilia A after infusion of a single dose of cryoprecipitate and 4 g of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. During the 7-10 day period of follow-up, the patients received epsilon-aminocaproic acid by mouth. In 32 of 44 patients with severe or moderate haemophilia and in 22 of 31 patients with mild haemophilia, healing was uneventful and no bleeding complications occurred. Only in 5 patients with severe haemophilia and in 1 patient with mild heamophilia bleeding from tooth sockets was extensive enough to require further replacement therapy. The results show that epsilon-aminocaproic acid in conjunction with a single infusion of cryoprecipitate can insure hemostasis after dental extraction in patients with haemophilia A.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

The importance of drug delivery to optimize the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins during periodontal regeneration.

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) include a large number of proteins belonging to the TGF-beta superfamily which are characterized by their ability to induce bone and cartilage formation. Since the isolation and purification of BMPs by recombinant technology, the effects of single BMPs can now be evaluated in animal models. Subcutanous placement of a single recombinant BMP, such as recombinant human (rh) BMP-2, in a rat ectopic assay shows recruitment of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, cartilage formation, followed by replacement with bone, formation of its own bone marrow and physiological bone remodelling. The therapeutic use of recombinant BMPs in the treatment of periodontal disease (destruction of the tooth ligaments, surrounding bone and tooth cementum, the latter of which anchors the ligaments to the tooth surface from the adjacent tooth socket) has attracted considerable interest due to their potent ability to stimulate intramembranous bone formation without an endochondral intermediate. Their predictability in stimulating new bone may provide an alternative that has greater osteogenic potential than autogenous bone, other growth factors and bone substitutes. The biological processes and the potential role of growth factors involved in promoting regeneration are complicated by the involvement of different cell types each with their different growth rates and responses to various stimuli. The major cell types involved in periodontal regeneration include osteoblasts, cementoblasts and fibroblasts. Here, the formation of the new mineralized layers on the tooth and bone surfaces by cementoblasts and osteoblasts respectively are a prerequisite before periodontal ligament formation and attachment by fibroblasts can occur. In this regard, BMPs are likely candidates to stimulate periodontal regeneration because of their ability not only to promote osteogenesis but also to stimulate cementogenesis (new cementum formation). However, understanding when to manipulate each of the various cells differentiation pathway with the application of single or multiple doses of BMPs at the appropriate concentration is dependent upon a suitable delivery system that can be modified in order to optimize its effect during periodontal wound healing. Furthermore, treatment of intrabony periodontal defects with BMPs are likely to not only require appropriate temporal release of the agent, but also adaptation of a carrier that is robust enough to maintain its integrity around the coronal aspect of the root in order to provide space maintenance and support the mucoperiosteal flap. This review evaluates the effects of different delivery systems upon BMP-induced periodontal regeneration.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Intra-oral tumours presenting after dental extraction.

If the symptoms for which dental extraction is performed do not rapidly resolve, or if the tooth socket fails to heal, it is likely that there is further pathology in the alveolus or gingiva. A series of four cases is presented, in which, following dental extraction, a tumour was found to be the cause of the original symptoms.

Adult↗