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Results for “Type A Personality”

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PubMed1999

Measuring the Jungian personality types of Hispanic high school students.

Measures of normal variations in personality, called psychological type, are frequently used in education (e.g., to identify learning styles) and counseling (e.g., in career counseling). However, the most frequently-used measure of types, developed by Myers and Briggs, has been criticized on various psychometric grounds. The present study investigated the psychometric properties of an alternative measure, the Personal Preferences Self-Description Questionnaire (PPSDQ), which employs normative rather than ipsative (forced-choice) items. Because previous studies of the measure have primarily used older and highly literate participants, the present study was conducted with 328 Hispanic high school students to determine whether the sound psychometric quality of PPSDQ scores was compromised by vocabulary or language issues. The results of reliability and factor analyses were generally favorable as regards PPSDQ score integrity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Personality types of flight crew members in a hospital-based helicopter program.

PURPOSE: To determine the personality preferences of flight crew members in a hospital-based helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), and to differentiate and compare these preferences between crew specialties and a historical control population. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted of all active crew members (nurses, respiratory therapists and pilots) in a hospital-based flight program. Data collected included the results of the MBTI, gender, age and years of flight experience. RESULTS: Crew members were represented by 14 of 16 possible MBTI personality types, with three types predominating. For each crew specialty, extroversion preferences predominated over introversion, and perceiving characteristics predominated over judging characteristics. Differences existed by crew specialty for the sensing-intuition and thinking-feeling dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: A personality typology has been established for individual and group preferences within one hospital-based HEMS program. This data begins to develop a data base and an investigative protocol for understanding some of the human factors regarding flight programs. Future research should focus on expanding the data base and exploring specific crew interactions based on additional diagnostic and evaluative methodologies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality and conditioning: factors of classical CR acquisition and extinction and their relationship to personality types.

A number of psychophysiological, cognitive and personality measures, and classical appetitive and aversive SR acquisition and extinction rates were taken from a sample of 25 male undergraduate volunteers. Principal Components Analysis of the data revealed general acquisition and extinction factors which were indexed by the psychophysiological variables. Regression analyses showed additionally that Eysenck's E-I dimension predicts both acquisition and extinction rates, and that imagery may be an important mediational variable in CR acquisition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Health-related quality of life varies with personality types: a comparison among cancer patients, non-cancer patients and healthy individuals in a Japanese population.

In an attempt to examine differential effects of personality on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) without regard to disease type, we used the HRQoL-20, a general questionnaire (Japanese original scale) we developed (comprising 20 questions related to physiological, psychological or social HRQoL) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), which measures personality traits of extraversion (E), neuroticism (N) and psychoticism (P). The subjects (399 males and 429 females), stomach cancer patients, non-cancer patients (who had received acupuncture or moxibustion treatment) and healthy controls, were classified into three personality types. The results indicated that the HRQoL score of the tolerable/tolerant type (high E, low N and high P scorers) was greater than the intolerable/intolerant type (low E, high N and low P scorers) and also the unclassified type (neither of above scorers). The HRQoL correlated positively with the E and P scales and negatively with the N scale, in the case of all subjects, with the exception of N in male cancer patients and E in male non-cancer patients. The results supported the hypothesis that the HRQoL varies with personality variables, in that each patient, in different treatment settings, strives for the situation that is congruent with his/her personality to attain a better HRQoL.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Personality, type A behavior, and coronary heart disease: the role of emotional expression.

The nature of the relation between personality factors and coronary heart disease (CHD, the nation's greatest killer) is one of the most important if controversial issues in the field of psychology and health. Although there is still a great deal of conceptual confusion, progress is being made in refining the key components of a predisposition to heart disease. In this article we examine the construct of a coronary-prone personality in the context of the relations among personality, emotional expression, and disease. Special consideration is given to mode of measurement of the Type A behavior pattern--Structural Interview (SI) versus Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS)--and to components and non-Type A correlates of the general coronary-prone construct. Fifty middle-aged men who had had a myocardial infarction were compared with 50 healthy controls in terms of relevant aspects of their psychological functioning. Results indicate that the SI is better than the JAS as a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) because of its attention to emotional expressive style. Traditional emphases on hurry sickness in coronary proneness are deemed wholly inadequate. Furthermore, the results indicate that depression, anxiety, or both may relate to CHD independently of and in addition to Type A behavior. Other aspects of personality and social support are also discussed in the context of improving the construct of coronary proneness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

A study on the student pilot's mental workload due to personality types of both instructor and student.

The main purpose of this paper is to provide the ideal flight crew combination for instructor and student pilots in order to enhance the flight training effects based on Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) theory. In addition to personality, various levels of flight difficulty are considered in order to investigate their potential interaction effect in terms of student pilots' mental workload measured in heart rate, altitude deviation, NASA-TLX (Task Load Index) and subjective degree of personality harmony. Based on an experiment performed in a real flight situation, we found significant effects of personality combinations in terms of all four outcome measures. Both group C types of instructors and students who are concrete, realistic and have mechanical skills turn out to be the ideal flight crew combination. A structural equation model, fitted to analyse causality among the four response variables, implied that as the heart rate increased, the altitude deviation increased. In addition, as the altitude deviation and personality harmony increased, NASA-TLX increased. The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for manning the flight crew combinations and thereby enhancing the efficiency of flight training.

Aviation↗
PubMed1983

Personality types of alcoholics on objective inventories. A review.

The personality profiles of alcoholics as derived from four objective inventories--the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Personality Research Form and the Differential Personality Inventory--are reviewed. An overall consistency of results is seen which interfaces with known clinical entities from other areas of mental health research.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1991

Personality. Type A behavior, and the effects of beta-blockade.

In a previous report, it was shown that a dimension of personality entitled dependence/independence could be used to distinguish the cardiovascular and catecholaminergic response to stress in type A individuals. This study is a continuation of the previous work. It examines the relative effects of beta-blockade on stress-induced changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and catecholamines in two groups of type A individuals who differ in reactivity. Sixty-six healthy, middle-aged men with type A behavior were classified as dependent (high reactivity) or independent (low reactivity). The effects of beta-blockade on the two groups were tested in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial utilizing a mental stressor, a physical stressor, and work day monitoring. Results showed that, in comparison with the independent type As, those who had been classified as dependent had higher heart rates in all three stress conditions and had higher epinephrine levels during both the mental and physical stressors. For both groups, beta-blockade lowered the heart rate and systolic blood pressure but increased norepinephrine with the mental stressor and epinephrine and norepinephrine with the physical stressor. It also reduced the mean work day heart rate. For the dependent type As, the drug had a greater effect on increasing epinephrine during the physical stressor and by reducing the percent of the work day spent in high heart rate zones. The results are discussed from the point of view of identifying type As who may be particularly coronary prone and the potential effects of beta-blockade on the reactivity associated with type A behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Some biological and behavioral features associated with clinical personality types.

The author reviews supporting evidence for the existence of two personality prototypes that correspond to two DSM-III-R personality "clusters." These hypothetical personality prototypes are characterized by extreme variations along several interrelated personality trait dimensions and by differences in two biological measures. The possibility that individual differences in central serotonin and/or catecholamine activity may underlie some of the features associated with these prototypes is discussed in light of current data. The usefulness of this conceptualization as a supplemental axis of personality classification is suggested.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1981

[Personality types in endogenous and non-endogenous depression].

The post depressive personality of three groups of previously depressed patients (19 bipolar endogenous, 95 unipolar endogenous, 58 non endogenous) and of a control group of 33 normal subjects was examined. The contaminating influence of the residual depressive symptomatology on the personality measures, when present, was eliminated. Using uni- and multivariate procedures, the existence of statistically significant inter-group differences was demonstrated. The results contradict some previous assertions. "Neuroticism' is significantly higher in the three groups of depressive as in the control group. In addition, the non endogenous are high on "autonomy' and "aggression', the unipolar endogenous are low on "autonomy', and the bipolar endogenous are high on "hypomanic drive towards success and performance', and on 'obsessional trends and aggression.

Aggression↗