SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “VEINS, FEMORAL”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

[Constriction of the femoral vein after McVay hernioplasty].

Constriction of the femoral vein is a well known complication to the Cooper ligament repair of inguinal hernia. This may occur as the transversalis fascia and aponeurosis are sutured to Copper's ligament, either because a suture is passed through the vein or the vein is compressed by tissue. Clinical presentation is usually signs of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Venography verifies the diagnosis by showing a characteristic constriction of the femoral vein.

Constriction, Pathologic↗

PubMed2001

Compression of femoral vein by the strap of a urine-collecting device in a spinal cord injury patient.

OBJECTIVE: To report an unusual cause of femoral vein compression in a spinal cord injury (SCI) patient. DESIGN: A case report of a SCI patient in whom the strap of a urinal produced compression of femoral vein. Setting Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, England. SUBJECT: A 65-year old male, who had sustained paraplegia at T-10 level 33 years ago, attended the spinal unit for a routine follow-up intravenous urography (IVU). He was wearing a urinal, which was held tightly over the penis by means of two straps coursing over the inguinal regions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: IVU was performed by injecting 50 ml of Ultravist-300 via a 23-gauge butterfly needle inserted in a vein over the dorsum of the left foot. After completion of the injection, an X-ray of the pelvis was taken to evaluate the right hip. This showed contrast in the vena profunda femoris, circumflex femoral veins and inter-muscular veins with evidence of compression of proximal femoral vein. RESULTS: It was suspected that the strap holding the urinal was causing compression of the femoral vein. Therefore, a venogram was performed 5 days later, when the patient had discarded the urinal and the straps. This showed free flow of contrast through the left femoral and iliac veins. CONCLUSION: Compression of femoral vein by a strap holding the urinal was discovered serendipitously in this patient during a routine follow-up. Physicians and health professionals should bear in mind this rare complication when examining spinal cord injury patients who use this type of urine collecting device, and discuss with them alternative methods for urinary drainage.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Does surgical correction of the superficial femoral vein valve change the course of varicose disease?

PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that the course of primary chronic venous insufficiency can be changed by correction of the incompetent valve in the superficial femoral vein. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 125 extremities with reflux in greater saphenous and superficial femoral veins and belonging to clinical classes C2-C4 were analyzed. During the first 5 years, the type of clinical dynamics and changes in valvular function were determined in each patient. Patients were stratified according to the type of clinical dynamics and randomly assigned to treatment groups. Phlebectomy was performed in all extremities. In each of 64 extremities (the study group), the proximal incompetent superficial femoral vein valve was corrected as a part of the primary intervention. Patients were followed up for 7 to 8 years after surgery. RESULTS: The clinical dynamics of the extremity significantly depended on reflux changes. Increase in superficial femoral vein reflux was found in 74% of the extremities with progressive clinical dynamics but in only 47% of extremities with stable clinical dynamics (chi(2) = 9.71; P <.01). After surgical treatment, 65% of the extremities in the control group showed stable improvement; in 11%, recurrent varicosity was found; in 24%, the disease was aggravated. Of the extremities in the study group, 86% had stable improvement, 5% had recurrent varicosity, and 10% were aggravated (P <.05). Extremities with the progressive type of clinical dynamics were main contributors to this difference (chi(2) = 7.86; P <.05). In 92% of the extremities with corrected valves and in 50% of the extremities with increase in reflux after valvuloplasty, clinical improvement was observed (chi(2) = 11.5; P <.01). Extremities with corrected valvular function demonstrated superior results in comparison with extremities with stable valvular function in the control group (clinical improvement in 92% and 66% of extremities, respectively; P <.005). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic venous insufficiency, two types of clinical dynamics, stable and progressive, can be identified. The progressive type is associated with the presence of superficial femoral vein reflux and increasing greater saphenous vein reflux. Superficial vein surgery neither corrects superficial femoral vein reflux nor prevents it from progressing further. Correction of a single superficial femoral vein valve during primary intervention significantly improves the long-term results of superficial venous surgery. This improvement is associated with the prevention of reflux progression. Surgical correction of the incompetent superficial femoral vein valve changes the course of primary chronic venous insufficiency.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective safety study of femoral vein versus nonfemoral vein catheterization in patients with burns.

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the safety of femoral vein catheterization in patients with burns. Forty-two patients had a total of 275 catheterizations and were divided into two groups: group 1, femoral vein catheterization = 80 catheters and group 2, nonfemoral vein catheterization = 195 catheters (180 subclavian, 8 internal jugular, and 7 supraclavicular). All catheters were changed to new sites every 48 hours, and dressings were changed every 24 hours. Bacteriologic surveillance was accomplished by submitting the tip and subcutaneous segment of the catheter for semiquantitative cultures. Skin exit-site cultures were obtained, and blood was drawn through the catheters for fungal-isolator cultures before removal. Catheter colonization was defined as greater than or equal to 5 colony-forming units on either the subcutaneous segment or the catheter tip. Catheter-related sepsis was diagnosed when the same organism was recovered from the fungal isolator bottle and either part of the catheter and when there was no other identifiable source of sepsis. The rate of occurrence of colonized catheters was 7.5% (6 of 80) in the femoral vein catheterization group and 13.8% (27 of 195) in the nonfemoral vein catheterization group. Catheter-related sepsis occurred in 2.5% (2 of 80) of femoral and 1% (2 of 195) of nonfemoral catheters. None of these differences are statistically significant. There were no noninfectious complications from femoral vein catheterization. Two subclavian catheters had to be repositioned. This study suggests that central venous access in patients with burns can be safely employed with the use of the femoral vein.

Burns↗

PubMed2005

Long-term mortality in patients with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava, iliac and femoral veins.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the long-term mortality in patients with thrombosis of the vena cava, iliac and femoral veins. DESIGN: Registry study. MATERIALS: Between 1992 and 2000, 212 consecutive patients with acute pelvic vein thrombosis diagnosed by duplex sonography were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the most proximal extent of the thrombus. MRI revealed a thrombosis in the inferior vena cava in 46 patients (22%), in the iliac vein in 142 patients (67%), and in the femoral vein in 24 patients (11%). METHODS: The vital status of the patients was investigated in April 2004 using the Austrian National Registry and the Cause of Death Register. RESULTS: A total of 211 patients of the original 212 patients were monitored over a mean follow-up period of 91 months. Seventy-two of 211 patients (34%) had died. There was no significant difference in the long-term mortality, the survival period or the occurrence of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) between previously diagnosed vena cava, iliac vein, or femoral vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS: Extension of a thrombus into the inferior caval vein in patients considered to have a pelvic vein thrombosis has no impact on long-term mortality or the development of fatal PE compared to those patients with thrombus limited to more distal veins.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1979

Long-term experience with the technique of subclavian and femoral vein cannulation in hemodialysis.

Large vein cannulation for hemodialysis was used in 1164 patients undergoing dialysis treatment and in an acute dialysis program. Subclavian vein cannulation was utilized in 2494 dialyses, and femoral vein cannulation was used in 2368 dialyses. No significant differences with regard to clinical complications were encountered in either type of cannulation. The mortality rate due to subclavian vein cannulation was 0.12%, while that due to femoral vein cannulation was 0.04%. The main risk of subclavian vein cannulation was arterial bleeding, due to trauma to an artery, and pneumothorax, more likely occurring in asthenic patients or in patients with emphysema. Single-needle hemodialysis using subclavian or femoral vein cannulation gave the same results as the arteriovenous Cimino fistula. Intermittent or combined use of both types of large vein cannulation is advantageous in long-term regular dialysis patients that are waiting for a new fistula.

Catheterization↗

PubMed1993

Femoral vein valve repair with limited anterior plication (LAP).

Limited anterior plication (LAP) of the incompetent femoral vein was used in 2 groups of subjects with venous hypertension due to deep and superficial venous incompetence. Group 1 subjects were treated only with superficial veins surgery while groups 2 was treated with external valvuloplasty (LAP) at the level of the incompetent femoral vein. The plication was performed at the anterior side of the vein after limited dissection and manipulation. During a two-year follow-up the results of LAP were evaluated with color-duplex and ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) measurements. Nine of the 11 femoral veins treated with LAP were competent after 2 years (in 2 the incompetence was reduced). A lower AVP and RT was found in subjects treated with LAP in comparison with those in Group 1. Also the number of recurrent varicose veins (incompetent venous sites) and the average diameter of the femoral vein were higher in Group 2 (superficial surgery only). As no complications were observed LAP can be considered an alternative to the standard external valvuloplasty in cases of moderate incompetence when valve cusps are present and functional and incompetence is mainly due to relative enlargement of the vein diameter.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Inferior vena cava thrombosis as a complication of femoral vein catheterisation.

Indwelling femoral venous catheters were prospectively studied by ultrasonography to define the frequency and evolution of inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis. IVC thrombosis was identified in six of 56 catheters (54 children). Only one patient with a positive ultrasound scan had clinical signs of thrombosis. All children with IVC thrombosis had had catheters in place for over six days. It is recommended that either the femoral central venous catheters are routinely changed at six days or ultrasound studies are routinely performed twice a week in all patients with catheters in situ for six or more days and that the catheter is removed immediately if evidence of thrombosis appears.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗

PubMed1992

Femoral vein valvuloplasty: intraoperative angioscopic evaluation and hemodynamic improvement.

Femoral vein valvuloplasty (FVV) is the operation of choice for primary valvular incompetence, but this procedure is highly operator dependent for judging the competence of the valve repair during surgery. We have reviewed our experience with FVV, focusing on the utility of angioscopic-guided valve repair and hemodynamic results. Nine limbs in six patients underwent superficial FVV. There were four men and two women; the average age was 49 years (range 32 to 62 years). All limbs were Society for Vascular Surgery/International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery clinical stage III (venous ulcer), and descending phlebography showed grade 4 reflux in six limbs, grade 3 reflux in one limb, and grade 2 reflux in two limbs. In addition to FVV, five limbs underwent subfascial ligation of incompetent perforators and three limbs underwent ligation and stripping of superficial varicosities. Two limbs underwent polytetrafluoroethylene wrapping of the valvuloplasty. The last five valvuloplasties underwent angioscopic evaluation of the repair, and the last two procedures were closed valvuloplasties (without venotomy). Follow-up averaged 20.3 months (range 2 to 51 months). In all patients ulcers healed without recurrence. There were two perioperative deep vein thromboses in the polytetrafluoroethylene wrapped repairs. All superficial femoral veins were patent by duplex scanning at the time of follow-up. Venous refill time measured by light reflection rheography did not improve after surgery. Venous filling index measured by air plethysmography showed near normalization (3.83 +/- 0.82) after angioscopically guided FVV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Double balloon mitral valvuloplasty through dual femoral vein punctures and a single atrial septal puncture.

A modification of a previously described double balloon mitral valvuloplasty procedure is described. This involves dual femoral vein punctures with a single atrial septal puncture. After initial transseptal catheterization and predilatation of the interatrial septum with an 8-mm balloon, a second catheter is advanced through the resulting atrial septal defect allowing access to the left atrium and left ventricle through the mitral valve via two separate femoral vein puncture sites. In comparison with the previously described technique using two balloon catheters inserted through a single femoral vein puncture site, this modification has reduced the amount of bleeding from the femoral vein and the need for transfusion. Furthermore, the potential for subsequent interatrial shunting is less than with the alternative previously described technique utilizing two femoral vein punctures with two separate punctures in the interatrial septum. In utilizing two separate femoral vein punctures with only one atrial septal puncture this technique combines advantages of the two previously described techniques.

Catheterization↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Inferior vena cava catheterization in the neonate by the percutaneous femoral vein method.

Placement of percutaneous femoral venous catheters in neonates is rarely performed for long-term central venous access. We studied 44 neonates (gestational age, 32.4 +/- 48 weeks, postnatal age, 18 +/- 32 days) with lack of other venous access sites. The femoral vein was entered with a 19-gauge introducer needle with placement of a 2F silastic catheter localized at the inferior vena cava-right atrial junction. Catheter-related sepsis, bacteremia, or thrombophlebitis did not occur in any patients. Our findings suggest that percutaneous femoral-vena cava catheters can be safely used when other nonfemoral sites are unavailable.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗

PubMed2000

Cryopreserved femoral vein grafts for difficult hemodialysis access.

Improved survival of patients with renal failure has led to the need for complex angioaccess procedures. The use of cryopreserved femoral vein for angioaccess when prosthetic arteriovenous grafts (AVG) could not be placed, owing to infection or the loss of conventional angioaccess sites from multiple AVG failures, was prospectively evaluated. Forty-eight cryopreserved femoral vein AVGs were placed in 44 patients. Thirty-eight (82%) of the cryopreserved femoral vein AVGs were placed for infection, whereas the other 10 (18%) were placed for multiple graft failures with compromised venous outflow. Even with implantation of the cryoveins into infected patients, there were no cryopreserved femoral vein AVG infections. The 1-year primary graft patency rate was 49% and the secondary graft patency rate was 75%. During the same time interval, 68 prosthetic brachial artery-to-axillary vein AVGs were placed. The 1-year primary and secondary patency rates for the prosthetic AVGs were 65 and 78%, respectively. In this study the overall patency rate of the cryopreserved femoral vein AVGs was similar to that for the PTFE AVGs (p = 0.519). In conclusion, the cryopreserved femoral vein proved useful in difficult angioaccess cases. The lack of infection after cryovein implantation around an infected area shows promise for salvaging an angioaccess site that would otherwise have been abandoned.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Femoral vein cannulation: a review.

The femoral vein is an excellent potential venous access site. The technique of cannulation is described and its applications and complications are reviewed. More extensive future use of this technique is necessary to determine its proper role in emergency medicine.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1998

Participation of angiogenesis from rat femoral veins in the neovascularization of adjacent occluded arteries.

The neovascularization of the arterial wall in human and experimental pathology has been demonstrated. The occlusion of the of the rat femoral artery is a suitable model for the study of these angiogenesis processes. Newly formed capillaries growing into the arterial wall have been described in this model. The origin of these ingrowing capillaries has been attribute to the preformed surrounding venules and capillaries. The contribution of the adjacent femoral vein with a supplementary population of vascular sprouts could also be possible. To test this hypothesis in half of the occluded arteries, the adventitia was removed from the side facing the femoral vein. Between 1 and 3 days after surgery several alterations were found both in the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle cells of the tunica media. Between 3 and 6 days, solid or canalized endothelial sprouts were observed arising from the femoral vein. By days 4 and 6, newly formed capillaries grew into the adventitia and tunica media of the femoral artery. Some of them, penetrated the internal elastic lamina. This microvascular penetration from the femoral vein was more prominent in the area of the ostium of the collateral and when the adventitia was removed. Some ingrowing capillaries were in continuity with the endothelial cells of the arterial neointima. At days 7 and 8, regressing capillaries were observed in the neomicrovasculature network between artery and vein, with a selective loss of the smaller vessels. From day 9 onwards, fewer and larger vascular channels were present between the femoral vein and the femoral artery. An arterial neolumen contained what appeared to be circulating "fresh" blood. Quantitatively, the venous neocapillary density increased from days 4 to 6 and then declined significantly by day 8. The arterial neocapillary density increased form days 4 to 8 and declined significantly by day 12. Moreover, both densities were significantly greater when the arterial adventitia was removed. The perfusion with barium solution showed the presence of the contrast material in the newly formed vessels, the lumen of the femoral vein, and the neolumen of the occluded arterial segment. The present findings indicate that putative angiogenic molecules released form the occluded arterial segment may reach the adjacent wall of the vein inducing neovascularization from it. The vein vascular sprouts are connected to the ingrowing capillaries in the occluded arterial wall and to the neocapillaries form the preexisting pericytic microvasculature. When the arterial adventitia were removed up to 2 times greater vein neocapillary's density was observed suggesting an easily access of the putative angiogenic factors to the vein.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The superficial femoral vein. A potentially lethal misnomer.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential for error in interpretation of venous duplex reports that use the term "superficial femoral vein." DESIGN: Three surveys conducted by mail. SETTING: Three multispecialty medical groups, anatomy departments of all US medical schools, and vascular laboratories. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 46 family practitioners and general internists, 95 chairpersons of departments of anatomy, and 85 laboratory directors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proposed treatment of a patient with leg pain and an acute thrombosis of the superficial femoral vein; what nomenclature(s) for the deep thigh veins is (are) felt to be correct, what are acceptable alternatives, what is taught to students and which is preferred; and what terminology is being used in lower limb venous duplex reports. RESULTS: Only 24% (11/46) of the respondents would have administered anticoagulants to the patient as described. Only 3% (3/95) of anatomists felt the term "superficial femoral vein" was correct, 22% (21/95) felt it was an acceptable alternative (though only 9% [9/95] taught it to medical students), and only 7% (7/95) of anatomists felt the term was preferred for everyday use. The term "superficial femoral vein" is used by 93% (79/85) of vascular laboratories in lower limb venous duplex reports. CONCLUSION: Although the overwhelming majority of vascular laboratories use the term "superficial femoral vein" in venous duplex reports, the use of this term is potentially hazardous to patients. Most primary care physicians have not been taught and are not aware that the superficial femoral vein is a deep vein and that acute thrombosis of this vessel is potentially life threatening.

Family Practice↗

PubMed2001

Correlation of right atrial pressure and blood flow velocities in the common femoral vein obtained by duplex Doppler sonography.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to correlate the right atrial pressure with the blood flow velocity and pulsatility index (PI) values obtained with duplex Doppler sonography of the common femoral vein. METHODS: Thirty consecutive patients with suspected right-sided heart failure who had right atrial pressure measurements for correlation were included in the study. The common femoral veins were examined with duplex Doppler sonography. Irrespective of the presence or absence of clinical right-sided heart failure, patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their right atrial pressures. The mean flow velocities and PIs in the common femoral veins of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS: In patients with elevated right atrial pressure (> or = 8 mm Hg), the mean minimum flow velocity + standard deviation (-0.15 +/- 0.11 m/second) in the common femoral vein was significantly lower than that in patients with normal right atrial pressure (< 8 mm Hg) (0.01 +/- 0.10 m/second) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean maximum flow velocities in the common femoral vein between the patients with elevated right atrial pressure (0.25 +/- 0.08 m/second) and the patients with normal right atrial pressure (0.21 +/- 0.09 m/second). The mean PI in patients with elevated right atrial pressure (7.75 +/- 3.19) was significantly higher than the mean PI in patients with normal right atrial pressure (1.55 +/- 1.30; p < 0.001). There was a weak negative correlation between the minimum flow velocity and the pressure in the right atrium in patients with elevated right atrial pressure (p = 0.05; r = -0.4760). The amplitude of retrograde waves seen in patients with normal right atrial pressure was significantly smaller than in patients with elevated right atrial pressure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association of a decreased minimum velocity, especially a negative value, and an increase in PI in the common femoral vein may indicate an elevated right atrial pressure. Sonographic assessment of retrograde flow velocity in the common femoral vein may be useful in monitoring the response to medical treatment to decrease atrial pressure.

Atrial Function, Right↗

PubMed1987

Percutaneous insertion of the Kimray-Greenfield filter: incidence of femoral vein thrombosis.

Venograms were obtained in 17 patients 5-8 days after percutaneous dilatation of the common femoral vein for insertion of the Kimray-Greenfield inferior vena cava filter. The venograms showed thrombosis of the common femoral vein in seven (41%) of the 17 patients, four of whom were symptomatic. Common femoral vein thrombosis can have serious clinical sequelae. The possibility of this complication should be considered before inserting the filter percutaneously via the femoral vein.

Femoral Vein↗

PubMed2002

Nerve growth factor is expressed in rat femoral vein.

PURPOSE: Entubulization is a well known method of nerve repair for defects too large to be reconstructed by direct suturing without tension. Vein grafts and alloplastic tubes have been used for entubulization in peripheral and cranial nerves, but the mechanism by which they promote healing is poorly understood. The overall hypothesis of this laboratory is that nerve growth factor (NGF) plays an important role in nerve regeneration after entubulization with a vein graft. The purpose of this pilot study was to localize NGF protein expression in the rat femoral vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sciatic nerves and femoral veins were harvested from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Femoral arteries were also collected and used for comparison and validation of the analysis. All specimens were fixed in paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Specimens were either stained with hematoxylin and eosin or used for immunohistochemical reaction with anti-NGF antibody. RESULTS: Sciatic nerve was used as a positive control to identify the monofascicular architecture with hematoxylin and eosin and to document the positive immunohistochemical reaction. NGF immunoreactivity was present in the tunica intima and tunica adventitia of femoral vein and artery but not in the tunica media. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate that NGF is detectable in both the intimal and adventitial layers of the rat femoral vein and artery but not in the smooth muscle wall. These findings suggest that vein grafts could potentially promote nerve regeneration by supplying NGF to the injured nerve.

Animals↗