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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Carers' reflections about their video-recorded interactions with patients suffering from severe dementia.

Stimulated recall interviews were used in connection with carers' video-recorded interactions with patients suffering from severe dementia before, during and after a 1-year intervention involving supervision for individualized nursing care. The aim was to illuminate carers' reflections on their everyday life with the patients, and to find out if any changes took place across the intervention. A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach was used in the analysis, which revealed that carers' reflections were focused on the carers themselves, on the patients, on context and on the work itself in the shared everyday life. After repeated stimulated recall interviews, together with supervision every month, an improvement in carers' ability to verbalize their reflections and an awareness and knowledge about their own influence on care quality were seen. The interdependence between carers and patients made it necessary for the carers to cope with many complicated here-and-now situations, and in their reflections the carers kept coming back to their efforts to maintain a sense of dignity for the patients as well as for themselves. Reflection through stimulated recall seems to be an important tool for carers in dementia care to facilitate understanding and to help them learn through lived experience, thus developing their skills in nursing care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Parenthood as talked about in Swedish ante- and postnatal midwifery consultations. A qualitative study of 58 video-recorded consultations.

In order to explore the manner in which parenthood was discussed in midwifery consultations, 58 video-recorded consultations were analysed. A content analysis revealed a variety of topics concerning conversation on parenthood--topics of an intimate nature and discussions from a societal perspective. Parenthood was not of primary importance in visits, which were mostly directed by the midwives. A phenomenological hermeneutic analysis of the meaning of being a mother revealed a complex and difficult situation of being both needed and dependent. The meaning of being a father revealed a struggle between distancing from and closeness to the child. The mate relationship was indicated as important and under strain. The metaphor of the 'spiders web', where the mother is the spider with the child mostly on her back, the father entering the web on her terms, summarizes the understanding. The results from this study could provide a basis for reflection on the status of the topic of parenthood, on the meaning of being a mother and a father disclosed in the consultations, and ultimately on the organization of ante- and postnatal midwifery care.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Automatic detection of camera translation in eye video recordings using multiple methods.

A concern with video eye movement tracking is that movement of the camera headset relative to the head creates an artifact of eye movement in pupil-detection software. We describe the development of, and compare the results of, three automatic image processing algorithms to measure camera movement. The best of the algorithms has an average accuracy of 1.3 pixels, equivalent to 0.49 deg with our eye tracking system.

Automation↗
PubMed2000

A simplified application of systematic field sampling and low-cost video recording set-up for viewing disector pairs - exemplified in the rat cochlear nucleus.

A description of a simple and efficient way of systematic field sampling along with a low-cost set-up for simultaneous viewing of physical disector pairs at the light microscopic level is presented. So far the use of a programmable motorized stage for the former purpose and two projection microscopes for the latter have proved to be the most efficient and fastest solutions, but the relatively high expense of purchasing such equipment constitutes a major impediment to the widespread use of such stereological methods. We describe practical applications of two new cost-effective alternative approaches derived from existing ones. These approaches are used in estimating the total number of neurones in the cochlear nucleus of the rat and involve the systematic selection of section fields at a magnification significantly lower than the magnification used for counting and a video recording set-up for comparing section pairs. Apart from providing a cheap way for the implementation of the physical disector, the main feature of the application, which may also encourage its use, is that it provides an efficient and simple design for systematic area sampling without requiring any specialized equipment. The same is true for optical disector designs, where the procedure is simplified even further.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Parental perceptions of borderline personality disorders in video-recorded interviews.

Parental perceptions of thirteen patients with DSM III-R borderline personality disorder (BPD) and thirteen without BPD were investigated in video-recorded interviews. The interview records of multifacet parental experiences were reviewed and rated independently by three psychiatrists, blinded to the diagnostic information, on 4-point Likert scale (0-3) on three items of each parent: care, overprotection and neglect and/or hostility on the descriptive basis. The major finding was that BPD patients perceived both parents as less caring and more neglecting and/or hostile than patients without BPD. This finding reflects BPD patients' troubled relationship with their parents and the biparental failure hypothesis in the development of BPD.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The anxiogenic video-recorded Stroop Color-Word Test: psychological and physiological alterations and effects of diazepam.

From among the few human experimental models that can be used to predict the clinical activity of new anxiolytic drugs, the video-recorded Stroop Color-Word Test (VRSCWT), which uses subjective scales to evaluate anxious states, is notable for its simplicity. However, considering that the choice of treatment for anxiety disorders is heavily dependent on the level of somatic symptomatology, a quantitative evaluation of the physiological alterations elicited by the anxiogenic situation of the VRSCWT would also be of great interest. In the present study, 36 healthy male and female volunteers were submitted to either the VRSCWT or to a nonanxiogenic test. The results showed that, as well as a sensation of anxiety, the VRSCWT elicited increases in heart rate and gastrocnemius tension. Subsequently, a further 48 healthy men and women were randomly assigned to three treatments: placebo, 5 and 10 mg of diazepam, and were submitted to the VRSCWT. The results showed that in men, diazepam blocked the feeling of anxiety elicited by the test, although it did not prevent the physiological alterations, while in women, there was no response to the anxiolytic action of the drug. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that the VRSCWT is an efficient method of inducing anxiety experimentally. It is able to elicit observable psychological and physiological alterations and can detect the blocking, by an anxiolytic, of the feelings of anxiety in healthy men. Furthermore, the results suggest that the neural pathways for the control of the psychological and physiological manifestations of anxiety may be separate. This study also draws attention to the fact that gender is an important variable in the evaluation of anxiolytic drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Antenatal 'booking' interviews at midwifery clinics in Sweden: a qualitative analysis of five video-recorded interviews.

OBJECTIVE: To describe antenatal 'booking' interviews as regards content and illuminate the meaning of the ways midwives and expectant parents relate to each other. DESIGN: Content analysis and phenomenological hermeneutic analysis of transcribed texts from five video-recorded antenatal booking interviews. SETTING: Midwifery clinics at five health centres in the context of Swedish primary care. PARTICIPANTS: Five midwives, five pregnant women (less than 14 weeks pregnant) and two expectant fathers. FINDINGS: A variety of content themes and ways of relating were found. Combined themes of biomedical and obstetric content occurred as frequently as the sum of social, emotional, antenatal care and life-style themes. The midwives' ways of relating formed two main themes; considering and disregarding the uniqueness of the expectant parents. The midwives directed the interview through their choice of content themes and the way they related to the expectant parents. The expectant parents mainly shadowed the midwives' content themes and ways of relating. The expectant fathers seemed like strange visitors in the women's world. Two perspectives of antenatal midwifery care, obstetric and parental, operated alternately and in competition within the interviews. KEY CONCLUSIONS: The content and the ways of relating within the interviews seem to be connected and could be understood in the light of Buber's writings on dialogue. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings provide a basis for reflection on the education of midwives and the planning, training and implementation of midwifery care at antenatal 'booking' interviews.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[understanding of pavor nocturnus in adults. Discussion of a case using polygraphy and infrared light video recording].

Direct observations of night terrors in adults are rare. Our understanding of this sleep disorder is therefore fragmentary. In a single-case study, 17 night terror attacks and 5 utterances of sleep talking were examined by polygraphic and infrared-video recordings, which provided new material. These observations are compared with the literature and discussed under 3 aspects. 1) Phenomenology of behaviour: The behaviour following the initial stereotype terror attacks was found to be extremely expressive, especially in the nonverbal dimension. Mainly defensive or counteraggressve patterns were acted out. As to the contents of verbal utterances self-assertion and sexuality were main themes. In contrast to the stereotype of the initial terror, the patient's reaction seems specific for the individual and therefore psychodynamically relevant. -2) Psychophysiology: Broughton's disorder of arousal-hypothesis, which actually refers to the James-Lange-theory of emotions, is rejected in favour of the concept that the initial terror elicits an emergency state (Cannon). For the discrimination between night terrors and sleep talking, basic skin resistance is a reliable psychophysiological parameter proving full accordance with behavioural criteria. Increases in heart rate are partially due to intense emotions during an attack. -3) Psychiatric considerations of pathogenesis and aetiology: The night terror attack is considered as a psychogenic dissociative state during which suppressed aggressive impulses are acted out. Psychoanalytic interpretations should focus primarily on the defense and aggression rather than the anxiety of the initial terror. The aetiology of this disorder is still unknown. It seems likely that dispositional factors are involved.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Individualized music played for agitated patients with dementia: analysis of video-recorded sessions.

Many nursing home patients with dementia suffer from symptoms of agitation (e.g. anxiety, shouting, irritability). This study investigated whether individualized music could be used as a nursing intervention to reduce such symptoms in four patients with severe dementia. The patients were video-recorded during four sessions in four periods, including a control period without music, two periods where individualized music was played, and one period where classical music was played. The recordings were analysed by systematic observations and the Facial Action Coding System. Two patients became calmer during some of the individualized music sessions; one patient remained sitting in her armchair longer, and the other patient stopped shouting. For the two patients who were most affected by dementia, the noticeable effect of music was minimal. If the nursing staff succeed in discovering the music preferences of an individual, individualized music may be an effective nursing intervention to mitigate anxiety and agitation for some patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

A video-recorded test of lipreading for British English.

Tests of lipreading are valuable in many applications, particularly with hearing impaired people. Desirable properties of such a test are outlined, and the deficiencies of present tests noted. All the stated criteria are met by a new video recording of the BKB sentence lists. A calibration study with 22 normally-hearing subjects shows that 12 of the 21 lists may be considered equally difficult. Different scoring methods are investigated, including a subjective technique. Correlations among all the scoring methods are high. Practice effects can be large, and vary with lipreading ability. While low scorers show little increase in performance over the set of lists, high scorers show big improvements. Two examples of the test's usefulness are detailed--one from the laboratory and one from the clinic. Both demonstrate that hearing which would not lead to significant speech perception on its own can still greatly improve lipreading ability.

Cues↗
PubMed2003

The quality of routine examinations of the newborn performed by midwives and SHOs; an evaluation using video recordings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the routine examination of the newborn as carried out by senior house officers (SHOs) and midwives. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial set in a district general hospital in Southeast England. Eligible babies were randomised to a midwife (11) or an SHO (8) who were then video recorded undertaking the routine newborn examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of 62 observed technical and communication components of the newborn examination, as agreed between independent consultant paediatrician and senior midwife raters. RESULTS: Major differences were found in the rated quality of examinations between midwives and SHOs for the examinations of the heart and lungs, for the overall quality of the examination, and in areas of communication skills. Quality of examination of the hips was assessed as poor for both professional groups. Where there were significant differences between examiners, the quality of the midwives' examinations was higher. Inter-rater agreement between the consultant paediatricians and senior midwives ranged from excellent to poor for different items of the examination with a mean kappa value of 0.42 across all items indicating moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The quality of midwife examinations exceeded that of SHOs. All midwives who examine receive formalized training in the examination of the newborn; SHOs may benefit from similar specific training. Training for both professional groups may need to be reviewed, particularly in relation to agreement on 'gold standards' for the screening of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

England↗
PubMed2001

Methods for digital video recording, storage, and communication of movement disorders.

Video technology has now reached a level of sophistication that allows easy digitization. Digital video can be easily edited, reproduced, incorporated into databases, and posted on intra- and Internet sites for clinical use and demonstration purposes. Numerous methods exist for the production of digital video. This article synthesizes and simplifies the available methodologies in order to easily choose the technology that is the most appropriate for the movement disorder specialist's end use. Depending on available resources, issues such as cost, ease, and time to conversion are discussed. In addition, our experience with the use of one of the methodologies is briefly presented.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Video recording in an acute care perinatology unit.

Intensive care of the newborn is usually unexpected, often involves emergency retrieval, is sometimes administered in life-threatening disorders, and is always extremely anxiety-provoking and disruptive for the families involved. All this occurs at a time when mother-infant bonding is so important. The use of a video-recording system in these acute care situations is described, with particular case examples illustrating its value.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Use of video recorders in auditing initial assessment times.

The Patient's Charter (Department of Health 1992) states that patients attending Accident and Emergency departments will 'be seen immediately' and have 'their need for treatment assessed'. This paper describes a research project aimed at gathering accurate and reliable information regarding initial assessment times in a busy Emergency department. The use of closed circuit cameras and video recordings will be described. Ethical considerations will be highlighted along with the results of the study.

Emergency Nursing↗
PubMed2006

Assessing proficiency in adult basic life support: student and expert assessment and the impact of video recording.

Self-assessment is an important aspect in the development of lifelong learning skills for medical students, crucial to maintaining a high level of competence in practice. Basic Life Support (BLS) is a skill that all health professionals must acquire and maintain competence in. This paper reports data from a study of 95 first-year graduate entry medical students at Flinders University in Australia, determining how well the students could assess their own BLS performance. These students were videotaped performing a short CPR scenario using a Resusci Anne with SkillReporter (Laerdal, Norway). Using a six-point descriptive ratings scale, students graded themselves twice: once immediately after completing the task, and again after viewing a video of their performance. A single expert assessor viewed all the video recordings and, based on International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Guidelines, graded the students using the same scale. The hypothesis was that the intervention of viewing their performance on video would improve the correlation of their ratings with the expert assessor. The results showed that the students' assessments did not agree with the expert assessor either before (weighted kappa = 0.03) or after seeing the video (weighted kappa = 0.002). Possible reasons, including student attitudes and lack of benchmarking, are discussed. Self-assessment skills of students warrant further attention.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using content analysis of video-recorded consultations to identify smokers' "readiness" and "resistance" towards stopping smoking.

Although physicians' brief advice against smoking is effective in helping smokers to stop, very little is known about the process of counseling smokers. We describe the development of a coding system for describing smokers' motivation to stop smoking as judged by their behaviour when discussing smoking with their family physician. We analysed video-recordings of consultations between 47 self-reported smokers and 29 family physicians where smoking was discussed. By a process of observing recordings, reading transcripts and discussion, we developed a coding system for describing smokers' levels of motivation to stop smoking. This consists of four behaviours thought to indicate "readiness" (higher motivation to stop) and four "resistance" (lower motivation to stop). Interobserver reliability between two observers was good (Kappa = 0.71 for readiness, 0.73 for resistance behaviours). We discuss the relevance of our descriptions for clinicians and the possibility of developing this work further to enable systematic research into doctor-patient interactions where smokers are counseled to stop.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2005

Effects of mood states and anxiety as induced by the video-recorded stroop color-word interference test in simple response time tasks on reaction time and movement time.

Mood states and anxiety might alter performance in complex tasks whereas in more simple tasks such as stimulus-response, high anxiety could provoke bias in mechanisms of attention leading to better performances. We investigated the effects of anxiety, tension, and fatigue induced by the video-recorded Stroop Color-Word Interference Test on either reaction or movement time. 61 subjects performed a visual and an auditory response-time test in Control and Anxiogenic conditions during which heart rate was measured. Tension and anxiety states were assessed using self-evaluation. Analysis showed auditory response time was improved for both reaction and movement times in the Anxiogenic condition. These data suggest that the increased attention underlying anxiety and mood responses could have favored auditory response time by leading subjects to process stimuli more actively. In addition, state-anxiety and tension could have influenced muscular tension, enhancing the movement time in the auditory task.

Adolescent↗