Relation of neuropsychological test performance in alcoholics to brain morphology measured by computed tomography.
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Alcoholism↗
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Results for “computational morphology”
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High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging sinc-interpolation-based subvoxel registration and semi-automated quantitative lateral ventricular morphology employing threshold computation and binary image creation in the study of fatty acid interventions in schizophrenia, depression, chronic fatigue syndrome and Huntington's disease.
Serial high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain can now be precisely aligned, with six degrees of freedom (three mutually orthogonal translational and three rotational degrees of freedom around three mutually orthogonal axes), using a rigid-body subvoxel registration technique. This is driven by the in-plane point spread function for images acquired in the Fourier domain with data obtained over a bounded region of k-space, namely the sinc interpolation function, where sinc z = (sin z)/z, with z being any complex number (including zero). Computational subtraction of the three-dimensional Cartesian spatial representation matrices of serially acquired scan data allows for the determination of structural cerebral changes with great precision, since voxel signals from unchanged structures are almost completely cancelled. Thus changes readily show up against a background of noise. Furthermore, lateral ventricular changes can now be accurately quantified using a semi-automated method involving contour production, threshold computation, binary image creation and ventricular extraction. These techniques have been applied to the investigation of the effects on cerebral structure of intervention with fatty acids, particularly the long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in disorders such as schizophrenia, treatment-resistant depression, chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis or ME), and Huntington's disease.
Atrophy↗
Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in the early postoperative period after lung transplantation in a patient with cystic fibrosis: morphological findings on computed tomography.
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Adult↗
[Brain stem lesions. Neurologic, psychopathologic, morphologic, neurophysiologic and computer tomography aspects].
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Brain Diseases↗
CT of malignant choroidal melanoma - morphology and perfusion characteristics.
The computed tomographic morphology of malignant choroidal melanoma and its perfusion characteristics are described. Thirty-three static and serial CT examinations made on 29 patients with choroidal melanoma, three with pseudotumors of the macula and one with choroidal metastasis revealed the choroidal melanoma to be usually a hyperdense, markedly perfused tumor, while the non-contrast diagnostically undifferentiable pseudotumors and the choroidal metastasis, revealed no significant change in density after the administration of contrast material. Density values of perfusion characteristics of choroidal melanoma that are outside of the normal range are a result of secondary changes within the immediate surroundings of the tumor, such as detachment of the retina, tumor-induced glaucoma, or tumor necrosis.
Adult↗
Computed tomographic evaluation of morphological and functional condition of left ventricle in heart aneurysm.
Computed tomography is a valuable method for the diagnosis of post-infarction aneurysm of the left ventricle of the heart. It gives additional information concerning the morphological and functional condition of the left ventricle. The suggested method of layer-by-layer scanning improves the diagnostic efficiency of CT during examination of patients with heart aneurysm and is noninvasive. Precise individual calculation of the peak concentration of contrast medium, defined by dynamic scanning, optimises the process of gated CT. CT makes it possible to study changes in cavity configuration, left ventricle wall thinning, induration and calcification of the myocardium, changes in left ventricle wall mobility, decreased thickening of the myocardium at systole and left ventricle cavity thrombosis--all changes characteristic of left ventricular aneurysm. CT provides important additional information about the condition of the inter-ventricular septum. EDV, ESV and EF data obtained using CT produce important information about the functional state of the left ventricle. Computed tomography can be used as an independent method of left ventricle aneurysm detection, especially in those institutions where more complicated investigation methods are not used and interventional cardiac procedures are not practised. Complex use of computed tomography and left ventriculography in cardiosurgical institutions makes it possible to improve significantly the diagnosis of cardiac aneurysm. Calculation of integral data about left ventricle pumping function based on CT and LVG data gives proper evaluation of the indications for operative intervention in left ventricular aneurysm.
Adult↗
Computer-assisted assessment of sperm morphology: comparison with conventional techniques.
The aim of the present study was to compare conventional and computer-assisted morphology assessment of spermatozoa. Sixty-two semen samples from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and 40 samples from patients undergoing an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were studied using both techniques. The percentage of normal spermatozoa found was closely correlated between the techniques (r=0.788, p < 0.0001). The intra-operator variation was low for both techniques but the inter-operator variation was much higher with the conventional than with the computer-assisted method (coefficient of variation = 0.43 vs. 0.08, respectively, for conventional and computer-assisted assessments). The percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology, as well as sperm motility, was significantly enhanced after PureSperm preparation, whatever the method used for assessment. In the IVF study, fertilization rate was poorly correlated with sperm morphology using both methods. However, combined with motility, morphology assessed with the computer allowed discrimination of two groups of patients with significantly different fertilization rates (30.5 +/- 5.4% vs. 63.1 +/- 5.4%, p < 0.0001). In contrast, the fertilization rate in ICSI was influenced neither by sperm morphology nor by motility. In conclusion, computer-assisted assessment of sperm morphology has a slightly better predictive value for ART than conventional assessment, but above all is much more reproducible, allowing standardization.
Adult↗
Computer simulations of lung morphologies within planar gamma camera images.
A mathematical model and computer code have been developed to unambiguously interpret planar gamma camera images. Specifically, the algorithm permits airway composition of the central, intermediate and peripheral partitions of scans to be determined quantitatively. The algorithm unambigously identifies the spatial coordinates of each of the millions of airways within the adult human lung, and assigns every individual airway to a precise location within the gamma camera image format prescribed by the clinician. This is done on a patient-by-patient basis. The algorithm has evolved from clinical applications of the previous work of Martonen et al. [1]. The objective of the current work was to advance the original protocol and derive an algorithm that was: (1) from a medical perspective, more physiologically realistic; and (2) from a technical perspective, easier to apply in the medical arena. Regarding (1), the major elements of the algorithm are that the outer boundary of the lung is formulated directly from lung perfusion imaging data and that the lung is divided into distinct left and right components. Regarding (2), the algorithm has been written for use with common workstations. It is our hope that the improvements will facilitate applications of the new model-code into aerosol therapy regimens.
Adult↗
Morphologic aspects of hepatic abscesses at computed tomography and ultrasound.
The morphologic criteria of hepatic abscesses as demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) were investigated in 27 patients and the diagnostic efficiency of both methods evaluated. Different appearances of hepatic abscess at CT and US were observed and investigated. No specific morphologic signs could be defined, since malignant neoplasms may show similar findings. Therefore, fine needle aspiration of possible hepatic abscesses should be performed to provide specific and bacteriologic diagnosis. US is an accurate method to evaluate patients with possible hepatic abscess. However, CT should be preferred in critically ill patients and postoperatively, since the diagnostic accuracy of CT is not limited by bowel gas, sutures and drainage tubes.
Adolescent↗
Computer automated morphometric analysis of bull sperm heads.
Morphological type classification of spermatozoa is an important component of the modern semen evaluation; however, current methods of analysis are subjective and highly variable between technicians. To reduce the subjectivity and thus variability of sperm morphology assessment, computer automated sperm head morphology analysis (ASMA) has been developed. Previous studies have shown the importance of standardizing ASMA procedures to optimize accuracy. The objective of this study was to standardize ASMA procedures for evaluating bull sperm heads. Semen from 10 fertile bulls was used to standardize procedures for optimal analysis of bull spermatozoa. Sample preparation methods, sperm staining methods and microscopic magnifications were compared. Semen samples that were diluted to a standard concentration of 200 x 10(6) sperm/ml were more efficiently analyzed than raw samples. A modified GZIN staining procedure, incorporating rose bengal as an acrosomal stain, was used for accurate ASMA at a magnification of x 60. The mean morphometric measurements for all bulls were the area (27.30 microM), perimeter (25.36 microM), length(8.65 microM), width(4.40 microM) and width/length (0.50). Within the analyses, coefficients of variation ranged from 3.45% for length to 8.52% for area. The ASMA system correctly digitized sperm heads 97% of the time. Results of this study indicate that bull sperm heads can be accurately analyzed using current standard procedures of ASMA technology.
Journal Article↗
Comparison of angiography and computed tomography using new morphologic criteria in staging of renal cell carcinoma.
The staging of tumor extension, and regional lymph node and venous involvement by angiography and computed tomography (CT) using new morphologic criteria were compared with the surgical and histopathologic stage in 59 patients (60 cases) with renal cell carcinoma. A high degree of accuracy in staging of both angiography and CT was demonstrated. However, CT was more accurate and sensitive than angiography in the evaluation of tumor extension and regional lymph node involvement, and equally accurate in that of venous involvement. We emphasize that new morphologic criteria of angiography and CT are clinically useful, and CT is the primary approach for the staging of renal cell carcinoma.
Angiography↗
Clinical significance of virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography) with special reference to polyp morphology.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Computed tomographic colonography [virtual colonoscopy (VC)] is a new imaging method that may contribute to the detection of colorectal neoplasms. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of VC for the diagnosis of colorectal tumors with special reference to their morphology. METHODOLOGY: Sixteen patients with colorectal tumors were enrolled in this study. Colonic preparation was performed using magnesium sulfate, and scopolamine butylbromide was injected before air insufflation from the anus. VC was performed with an Aquilion multislice CT system (Toshiba) and Workstation M900 maximum (ZIO). The results were compared with those of conventional colonoscopy (CC). In six cases, total colonoscopy was not possible due to tumor stricture. RESULTS: The number of lesions detected by CC was 58; 48 early carcinomas/adenomas (group A) and 10 advanced carcinomas (group B). All group B lesions and 43.8% (21 lesions) of group A lesions were identified by VC. The specificity of VC for group A and B lesions was 45.8% and 100%, respectively. There was no significant difference in detection rate for group A lesions by subclassification according to their morphology: pedunculated; 22% (2/9), semipedunculated; 50% (6/12), sessile; 29% (4/14), superficially elevated; 56% (5/9), and superficially elevated morphology with central depression; 100% (4/4). The mean diameter of the lesions that were detected and not detected by VC was 7+/-8.0 mm (range: 3-30 mm) and 8+/-5.8 mm (range: 2-20 mm), respectively (P=0.90). CONCLUSIONS: Polyps with superficial morphology could be detected by VC as well as those with protuberant morphology. According to evidence that neither the morphology nor the size of a lesion was a significant factor for detection by VC, the authors consider that the diagnostic ability of VC may be improved by better preparation.
Colonic Polyps↗
Whole word morphologizer: expanding the word-based lexicon: a nonstochastic computational approach.
Whole Word Morphologizer is a small computer implementation of word-based morphology. The program automatically identifies morphological relations in a small word-based lexicon, literally learning its morphology, and uses the knowledge it acquires to generate new words. It is based on a model of the mental lexicon in which all entries are whole, entire, fully fledged words and relies solely on basic cognitive principles (differentiation and generalization) for the automatic acquisition of morphological relations and the population of the lexicon.
Humans↗
Cognitive impairment associated with morphological brain abnormalities on computed tomography in chronic schizophrenic patients.
The Halstead-Reitan Battery (HRB), including the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, was administered to 15 young chronic schizophrenic patients in an attempt to identify blindly those patients with evidence of morphological brain abnormalities on prior computed tomography (CT). The CT scan status of 12 of 15 (80 per cent) patients was correctly identified solely on the basis of neuropsychological testing. These results supported our hypothesis that impairment on the HRB in chronic schizophrenic patients was associated with morphological abnormalities on the CT scan, and that the positive and negative CT scans of these patients could be predicted accurately.
Adult↗
Quantitative morphology for biologists and computer scientists: I. Computer-aided tutorial for biological stereology (version 1.0).
This paper describes a computer-aided tutorial for biological stereology. Stereology, a type of quantitative morphology, includes a collection of statistical methods that quantify the structural compartments that can be viewed in sections with light and electron microscopy. These methods provide volume, surface, length, shape, and number data, and help define the quantitative relationships among the structural compartments of biological hierarchies. Hierarchies, which connect structural data ranging in size from molecules to organs, serve as a central core to which the data of biological databases can be linked. The tutorial focuses on two objectives. It provides the user primarily interested in using quantitative morphology databases with background information, and offers a set of state-of-the-art tools to researchers wishing to use these methods in the laboratory. The main topics of the tutorial include: introduction to quantitative morphology, symbols/terms, data types, sampling, hierarchies, data interpretation, and utilities. The tutorial runs under the MS-DOS operating system and requires at least an IBM PC AT (or compatible), a color monitor (EGA, VGA), 540 KB of RAM, and 3 MB of hard disk space.
Animals↗
A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography.
INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional (3D) analysis is essential for making a precise diagnosis of craniofacial morphology. Two-dimensional (2D) x-ray films are used to understand 3D structures. However, 2D images have several limitations. This article proposes a new type of cephalometric analysis by using 3D computed tomography. METHODS: Axial images of 30 subjects (16 men; mean age, 19.2 years; 14 women, mean age, 20.5 years) were reconstructed into 3D models by using Vworks 4.0 (Cybermed, Seoul, Korea). The 3D models were measured with Vsurgery (Cybermed). The zygoma, maxilla, mandible, and facial convexity were analyzed. RESULTS: The measurements were compared with Korean normal averages, and no statistically significant differences were found. Landmark identification was reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional computed tomography can provide information for use in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Adult↗
Computer simulation analysis of morphological patterns in human melanocytic skin tumours.
Tumour cell proliferation and particularly tumour cell motility are considered to be essential pre-requisites for invasive tumour growth. Despite abundant in vitro data on tumour cell motility, the behaviour of tumour cells in complex human tumour tissues is yet unknown. In this study, estimates of proliferation and motility are statistically derived from morphological tumour patterns in human melanocytic skin tumours. Two-dimensional, discrete, random computer simulations of tumour growth were carried out in order to determine the influence of tumour cell proliferation and motility on morphological patterns. A set of binary morphological criteria turned out to facilitate a significant estimate of the relative probabilities of motility and proliferation (CART analysis). When the same morphological criteria were applied to H & E stained slides of 45 melanocytic skin tumours, benign common nevi showed a predominance of motility, whereas primary and metastatic malignant melanoma revealed a predominance of proliferation. The direct assessment of the number of proliferating cells by Ki-67 staining shows a steep increase from benign nevi to primary and metastatic melanoma. These data provide first evidence that in benign common nevi the overall motility exceeds the very low degree of proliferation, whereas in malignant melanocytic tumours proliferation considerably exceeds tumour cell motility.
Cell Division↗
A computer method for determining plaque size and plaque morphology.
We describe a computer method for determining plaque size and morphology from photographs of hemolytic plaques. The method eliminates any inter-measurer and intra-measurer inconsistencies that may arise when manual measurements are made on plaques whose boundaries are poorly defined. For circular plaques inner and outer plaque radii are determined. In addition the computer generates a density profile for each plaque, i.e., a plot of the film density versus the radial distance from the antibody forming cell. We demonstrate the use of the method by analyzing a time study of the growth of a single plaque.
Animals↗