PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “computer sciences”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Understanding computers or some of the things you always wanted to know about computers ... but were afraid to ask.

Criteria for computer systems evaluation are changing. No longer can we rely on an evaluation based solely on what the combination of hardware and software does for the user (functional criteria). Significant improvements in software productivity have occurred in recent years as a result of the availability of tools such as relational database management systems and fourth-generation languages. Meanwhile new technologies such as image processing and graphical user interfaces, e.g. MS-Windows and X Window, are coming onstream. Most of these technologies and capabilities require substantially more computing resources than traditional character-based systems. Fortunately, the open systems revolution is creating a more competitive marketplace and computer price/performance ratios are soaring, making the additional computing resources readily available at reasonable prices. But the opportunities of the future will not be for everyone. They will exist only for those medical record practitioners who recognize that a shift away from purely functional evaluation is necessary. Those that make the shift successfully will not become computer technicians, but they will understand the few technical criteria that are truly essential in systems evaluation. They will, in short, apply the 80/20 principle successfully to make future system selections. Medical record professionals must take steps to upgrade their computer system knowledge in order to accommodate the needs of technical criteria evaluation. For the active practitioner this means taking the time to learn from the many sources available in print, educational programs, and knowledgeable persons. Students should seek out courses that will give them a balanced view of the computer sciences, without being overloaded with specifics. AMRA should look for ways to augment the computer sciences requirements in the student's curriculum. Development of study tracks that concentrate on combining standard curricula with computer science would both create a new breed of practitioner and expand the horizons of the profession. The medical record profession must actively work to keep pace with the ever-changing information management environment in order to maintain its position of healthcare information management leadership.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed2000

Ethics in the classroom: a reflection on integrating ethical discussions in an introductory course in computer programming.

In this paper, we describe our recent approaches to introducing students in a beginning computer science class to the study of ethical issues related to computer science and technology. This consists of three components: lectures on ethics and technology, in-class discussion of ethical scenarios, and a reflective paper on a topic related to ethics or the impact of technology on society. We give both student reactions to these aspects, and instructor perspective on the difficulties and benefits in exposing students to these ideas.

California↗
PubMed1989

On medical informatics.

This paper summarizes the author's point of view of defining medical informatics, to stimulate further discussions on how this "newly emerging discipline" should further proceed. We realize that the term "informatics" is related rather to the term "information science" than to "computer science". Accordingly, medical informatics deals with the systematic processing of information in medicine. Many information systems in medicine are interrelated and can hardly be regarded as independent systems. As a result, medicine becomes gradually more an "empirical science of extreme complexity". Because of its complexity and wide range of applications, medical informatics should be considered as a separate discipline, its aim being to contribute to the systematic processing of information in medicine. The contribution of medical informatics should be a better understanding of the human being and means for the provision of high quality patient care.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1987

[Use of the computer in clinical medicine].

This article describes the application of computers in clinical medicine and the experience gained by the Institute of Medical Computer Science when introducing computer systems into the clinics of the University of Vienna Medical School in the last 20 years. It is shown what dramatic development has taken place in these years. The medical information system WAMIS with its central patient database is described as well as the medical record keeping documentation and retrieval system WAREL, which is destined to analyze medical natural language data. A further chapter deals with computers in clinical laboratories. At the end it is tried to point out future trends in applying computers in clinical medicine.

Austria↗
PubMed1993

Virtual reality in medicine.

Virtual reality (VR), as part of computer science, allows computer-based models of the real world to be generated, and provides humans with a means to interact with these models through new human-computer interfaces and, thus, to nearly realistically experience these models. This contribution explores the technical requirements for VR, describes technological advances and deficits, and analyzes the framework for future technological research and development. Although some non-medical applications are discussed, this contribution focuses primarily on medical applications of VR and outlines future prospects of medical VR applications. Finally, possible hazards arising from the use of VR are discussed. The authors recommend an interdisciplinary approach to technology assessment of VR.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1987

Public access computing in health science libraries.

Public access computing in health science libraries began with online computer-assisted instruction. Library-based collections and services have expanded with advances in microcomputing hardware and software. This growth presents problems: copyright, quality, instability in the publishing industry, and uncertainty about collection scope; librarians managing the new services require new skills to support their collections. Many find the cooperative efforts of several organizational units are required. Current trends in technology for the purpose of information management indicate that these services will continue to be a significant focus for libraries.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1988

IAIMS development at Harvard Medical School.

The long-range goal of this IAIMS development project is to achieve an Integrated Academic Information Management System for the Harvard Medical School, the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, and Harvard's affiliated institutions and their respective libraries. An "opportunistic, incremental" approach to planning has been devised. The projects selected for the initial phase are to implement an increasingly powerful electronic communications network, to encourage the use of a variety of bibliographic and information access techniques, and to begin an ambitious program of faculty and student education in computer science and its applications to medical education, medical care, and research. In addition, we will explore means to promote better collaboration among the separate computer science units in the various schools and hospitals. We believe that our planning approach will have relevance to other educational institutions where lack of strong central organizational control prevents a "top-down" approach to planning.

Boston↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Connectionist models of memory].

Even if computer science, at its birth, had strong links with the neurosciences, it is today mainly oriented toward efficiency and robustness. For example, memory in a computer has few relationships with memory in a living being. Nevertheless, some domains in computer science are interested in this kind of modelling. In particular, connectionism, whose goal is to elaborate artificial neural networks, uses a formalism for its calculus inspired from calculus in the brain. Different kinds of memory that can be emulated by artificial neural networks, inspired by statistics or biology, are presented here. Their relationships with human memory are discussed together with their tentative interest for the biologist or the therapist.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Features of computer language: communication of computers and its complexity.

Motivated by computer science, in particular, by applications to data security, electronic correspondence and cryptography, interactive proofs extend the 2000 years old, well established notion of mathematical proof. The key to these development is complexity which is defined as the minimum amount of a certain resource needed to complete a computational task. In this paper, the idea of an interactive proof system and its application in computer science is illuminated on everyday examples, without giving technical details.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2000

[Current responsibility of information processing in gynecology].

Rapid development and innovative research in medical computer science influences physicians work. Not only new hardware but also network implementation changed the way of decision making techniques in medicine. The main reason for acceptance and distribution of the internet is the possibility to present information in a reasonable and contemporary way. A self-labeling of medical information by web authors and systematic critical appraisal of health-related internet information by third parties may help to filter harmful health information and to positively identify and select high quality information. The German Work Group for Information Technologies in Gynecology and Obstetrics (AIG) informs physicians about health care issues related to computer science.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1989

Teaching medical informatics to biomedical engineering students: experiences over 15 years.

The Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics at Linköping University in Sweden were established in 1972-1973. The main purpose was to develop and offer courses in medicine, biomedical engineering and medical informatics to students in electrical engineering and computer science, for a specialization in biomedical engineering and medical informatics. The courses total about 400 hours of scheduled study in the subjects of basic cell biology, basic medicine (terminology, anatomy, physiology), biomedical engineering and medical informatics. Laboratory applications of medical computing are mainly taught in biomedical engineering courses, whereas clinical information systems, knowledge based decision support and computer science aspects are included within the medical informatics courses.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2001

What is bioinformatics? A proposed definition and overview of the field.

BACKGROUND: The recent flood of data from genome sequences and functional genomics has given rise to new field, bioinformatics, which combines elements of biology and computer science. OBJECTIVES: Here we propose a definition for this new field and review some of the research that is being pursued, particularly in relation to transcriptional regulatory systems. METHODS: Our definition is as follows: Bioinformatics is conceptualizing biology in terms of macromolecules (in the sense of physical-chemistry) and then applying "informatics" techniques (derived from disciplines such as applied maths, computer science, and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large-scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Analyses in bioinformatics predominantly focus on three types of large datasets available in molecular biology: macromolecular structures, genome sequences, and the results of functional genomics experiments (e.g. expression data). Additional information includes the text of scientific papers and "relationship data" from metabolic pathways, taxonomy trees, and protein-protein interaction networks. Bioinformatics employs a wide range of computational techniques including sequence and structural alignment, database design and data mining, macromolecular geometry, phylogenetic tree construction, prediction of protein structure and function, gene finding, and expression data clustering. The emphasis is on approaches integrating a variety of computational methods and heterogeneous data sources. Finally, bioinformatics is a practical discipline. We survey some representative applications, such as finding homologues, designing drugs, and performing large-scale censuses. Additional information pertinent to the review is available over the web at http://bioinfo.mbb.yale.edu/what-is-it.

Computational Biology↗