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PubMedDate not supplied

[Breath tests as a noninvasive diagnostic method in Helicobacter pylori infection].

There are several diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection, some of them need an endoscopic procedure and biopsy to be performed (invasive) like the rapid urease test, culture and histology. Recently non invasive, specific, sensible, easy to perform and patient's well accepted methods had been developed known as breath test, based on the hydrolysis of labelled urea by Helicobacter pylori urease enzyme, to release ammonia and bicarbonate. Labelled CO2 reaches the bloodstream and the lungs, from where can be collected into the breath for quantification. Labelled urea has to options: 13C stable, non-radioactive and 14C unstable, radioactive. Breath test with 13C is based on the atomic mass difference between 12C and 13C and it is necessary a mass spectrometer and 40 minutes to perform it. Breath test with 14C has 1 uCi (one micro-curie) of radioactivity (1/300 of total radiation received in one year from the environment); the test takes 10 minutes and the samples are read in a beta counter. Both non-invasive tests had demonstrated sensitivity and specificity comparable to established "gold standards" for Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosis.

Breath Tests↗
PubMed1998

[Combined diagnostic methods for women in the pre- and postmenopause].

UNLABELLED: During one-year period, 20 women with pre- and post-menopausal problems were investigated. The diagnostic examination included transvaginal sonography (TS), hysteroscopy with separative abrasion and histopathological examination. The data from the three diagnostic methods were compared. RESULTS: In 6 patients the endometrial thickness (ET) was lower than 8 mm. The hysteroscopic finding (HF) comprised in endometrial atrophy, confirmed also histologically. ET was higher than 8 mm in 14 patients, and the HF revealed endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia. The hystological examination confirmed cystic endometrial hyperplasia in 4 cases, endometrial secretary phase in 5 cases, endometrial polyp in 3 cases and endometrial carcinoma in 2 cases. The authors accepted that the combination of 3 diagnostic methods of examination, applied in the described consequence, gave the possibility for precise diagnostic investigation and adequate treatment.

Climacteric↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori diagnostic methods in patients with liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer is a frequent complication in cirrhotic patients and its morbidity rate is high. In spite of this, diagnostic methods for H. pylori infection have not been fully evaluated in these patients. AIM: To evaluate H. pylori diagnostic methods in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS: One hundred and one cirrhotic patients were included in the study. Three antral and two corpus biopsies were obtained for rapid urease test of the antral mucosa, and Giemsa stain and immunohistochemistry were performed for both the corpus and antrum. Serology, 13C-urea breath test and faecal H. pylori antigen determination were also carried out. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were positive and 35 were negative for H. pylori infection; four were indeterminate. The sensitivity and specificity were 90.4% and 100%, respectively, for antral histology, 100% and 100% for gastric body histology, 90.4% and 100% for antral immunohistochemistry, 96.2% and 96.7% for body immunochemistry, 85.7% and 97% for rapid urease test, 83.6% and 55.9% for serology, 96.4% and 97.1% for 13C-urea breath test and 75.4% and 94.1% for faecal antigen. CONCLUSION: The most reliable tests for H. pylori infection in cirrhotic patients were the 13C-urea breath test and gastric body histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Phonography of the abdominal cavity as a diagnostic method in gastroenterology].

Phonography of the abdominal cavity has been applied in 115 patients before and after stomach resection. This method provides an additional valuable information, helps to establish a correct diagnosis and so it can be recommended as an auxilliary diagnostic method. For diagnostic purposes the phonography findings should be evaluated within the complex of clinical, X-ray and laboratory findings, and data provided by other investigations.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2003

[Etiology and diagnostic methods in vocal cord paralysis].

INTRODUCTION: The etiology of vocal cord paralysis (VCP) is varied. There is lack of consensus regarding the choice of investigations to be used in the evaluation of VCP. The aim of this study was to establish the etiology, assess the diagnostic methods used in the evaluation, and outline an algorithm for future evaluation of unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Charts of all patients (n = 94) with the diagnostic code of VCP were reviewed, and reexaminations were performed of patients in whom no etiology was found after the initial symptoms. RESULTS: The etiology of UVCP was neoplasm in 34%, surgical trauma in 12%, and miscellaneous causes in 54%. The etiology of bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) was neoplasm in 24%, surgical trauma in 24%, and miscellaneous causes in 52%. The reexaminations did not reveal any cancer diseases in the patients concerned. The most effective diagnostic method was CT-scanning while the least effective was thyroid scanning. DISCUSSION: Because cancer is a common cause of VCP a thorough evaluation is necessary. For UVCP we recommend history and physical examination, X-ray of the chest, ultrasonography of the neck, and CT-scanning of the superior mediastinum. If these prove negative, panendoscopy should be performed. Workup of patients with idiopathic VCP should include examination, X-ray of the chest at 6-month intervals, and annual CT-scanning for two years.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of three diagnostic methods for initial proximal caries detection in primary molars.

The proximal surfaces of primary molars in 100 selected children were examined for initial caries using three different diagnostic methods: 1--Clinical examination. 2--Fiber-optic transillumination. and 3--Bite-wing radiographic examination. Clinical examination revealed 65 initial proximal lesions, 101 lesions were detected by fiber-optic transillumination, while bite-wing radiographs verified 131 lesions. Agreement between clinical and bite-wing radiographic examinations was 49.6%, while fiber-optic transillumination showed a 77.1% agreement with bite-wing radiographic examination. The three tested diagnostic methods showed no significant difference in detecting proximal lesions in the upper and lower molars, the right and left sides or the mesial and distal surfaces, except for clinical examination which tended to miss more distal lesions.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2002

[Chlamydia pneumoniae infections--diagnostic methods].

Gram-negative bacteria Chlamydia pneumonia was found in 1989 to cause acute and chronic respiratory tract infections. This agent has been as well associated with other disease: atherogenesis and coronary heart disease. This study is aimed both at making an introduction to the issues related to C. pneumoniae diagnosis and presenting contemporary laboratory methods. Given the limitations of traditional diagnostics methods, serodiagnosis (EIA) and nucleic acids amplification (PCR, hybridisation) provide the most convincing evidence of C. pneumoniae infections. Culture and direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) may be useful in confirming these results. A variety of methods applied can provide an opportunity to detect bacteria in different clinical samples--incl. sputum, nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tissues from biopsy and autopsy.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1991

[Postnatal screening of renal developmental anomalies. Classical diagnostic methods, risk factors and routine screening].

During a 6 years' period (2 years of control, 2 years of risk group and 2 years of routine screening) the authors examined the effect of different diagnostical methods on the frequency of detected renal developmental anomalies. The incidence of documented renal malformations was 1.1% during the use of classical diagnostical methods, 8.3% during the application of intrauterine routine and postnatal risk group screening, and 10.3% after the introduction of postnatal routine screening in 2 years' periods. The advantage of both postnatal risk group and postnatal routine screening was that the greatest part of renal anomalies could have been diagnosed before the appearance of the symptoms of urinary infection. On the basis of effectivity of postnatal routine screening and decrease of uncertainty of postnatal risk group screening authors suggested the introduction of the postnatal routine screening as general practice under our own circumstances.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of diagnostic methods of family practice and internal medicine residents.

The diagnostic methods of third year residents in internal medicine (N=23) and family practice (N=22) were compared with respect to common ambulatory patient problems. Five written simulated patients were presented and the dependent variables were: initial and revised diagnostic hypotheses, physical examination items, and laboratory charges. The two groups considered the same number and type of diagnostic hypotheses. There were large differences in the selection of physical examination items (P less than .001), with the family practice group selecting fewer items. Laboratory charges were significantly greater for the internal medicine group with two patients (P less than .05), and the charges were nearly identical with two patients. A high degree of patient-specific behavior was demonstrated by both groups. These findings have implications for the future training of primary care physicians.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of five diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of Myxobolus cerebralis.

Diagnostic methods were used to identify and quantify Myxobolus cerebralis, a myxozoan parasite of salmonid fish. In this study, 7-week-old, pathogen-free rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were experimentally infected with M. cerebralis and at 7 months postinfection were evaluated with 5 diagnostic assays: 1) pepsin-trypsin digest (PTD) to detect and enumerate spores found in cranial cartilage, 2) 2 different histopathology grading scales that provide a numerical score for severity of microscopic lesions in the head, 3) a conventional single-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 4) a nested PCR assay, and 5) a newly developed quantitative real-time TaqMan PCR. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the 5 diagnostic assays in distinguishing between experimentally infected and uninfected control fish. The 2 histopathology grading scales were highly correlated (P < 0.001) for assessment of microscopic lesion severity. Quantification of parasite levels in cranial tissues using PTD and real-time TaqMan PCR was significantly correlated r = 0.540 (P < 0.001). Lastly, 104 copies of the 18S rDNA gene are present in the M. cerebralis genome, a feature that makes this gene an excellent target for PCR-based diagnostic assays. Also, 2 copies of the insulin growth factor-I gene are found in the rainbow trout genome, whose detection can serve both as an internal quality control for amplifiable DNA and as a basis to quantify pathogen genome equivalents present in quantitative PCR assays.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnostic methods in Chlamydia trachomatis infection. A review of current methods].

Infection by Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in our part of the world today. Possibly as many as 40,000 Norwegians are infected yearly. This disease tends to cause few symptoms but often has serious sequelae. Several diagnostic methods are available, all with individual advantages and shortcomings. The article reviews, current diagnostic methods from a clinical standpoint.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Usefulness of non-invasive diagnostic methods for early detection of neoplasms of the urinary tract and male genitals among workers of the Mazovian Refining and Petrochemical Plant in Płock.

The studies were aimed at the evaluation of the usefulness of non-invasive diagnostic methods including inquiry, clinical examination, transabdominal ultrasonography, cytologic examination of the urinary sediment, determination of blood serum concentrations of certain neoplastic markers, and urinalysis for early detection of neoplasms of the urinary tract and male genitals; and at the determination of the sensitivity and specificity of percutaneous ultrasonography combined with cytologic examination of the urinary sediment for detection of neoplasms of the kidneys and urinary tract, particularly of the urinary bladder. Urological examinations were performed in 300 workers occupationally exposed to oil derivatives. Neoplasms of the urinary tract and male genitals were detected in 37 (12.3%) workers. Neoplasms of the urinary bladder were found most frequently. They were diagnosed by non-invasive methods in 14 (4.7%) and verified clinically and histologically in 11 (3.7%) persons. The results seem to indicate the usefulness of non-invasive diagnostic methods for urological screening studies among occupational populations with increased risk of neoplasms of the urinary system and male genitals. The high sensitivity (93%) and high positive predictive coefficient (0.90) for the combination of transabdominal ultrasonography and cytological examination of the urinary sediment for detection of urinary system neoplasms seem to be tokens of their high diagnostic value and clinical usefulness.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Diagnostic methods for the exploration of the female breast].

The diagnostic methods for exploration of the female breast (self-examination, clinical examination, mammography, xero-radiography, thermography, open biopsy, and aspiration biopsy smears) are briefly discussed. Their advantages and disadvantages emerge in their application for the detection of breast disease.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

[Meta analysis of diagnostic methods in urinary stress incontinence].

The analysis of existing diagnostic methods of urinary stress incontinence suggest that it is almost always clinical. Urodynamic evaluation has a place in special situations, as atypical symptom; neurologic disease; recurrent USI after surgery or when it is necessary to confirm the clinical diagnose.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1999

Differences in African American and white women with myocardial infarction: history, presentation, diagnostic methods, and infarction type.

BACKGROUND: Despite overall declining death rates from cardiovascular disease, the number of women dying of cardiovascular disease increases each year, with substantially higher rates in African American women than in white women. OBJECTIVE: To investigate differences in presentation, diagnostic method, and type of infarction between African American and white women with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Chart review of all women with discharge diagnosis of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between African American and white women in admitting diagnosis, diagnostic methods, or type of infarction. At the time of admission, 2 medical history variables, stroke and hypertension, differed significantly between African American and white women (P = .027 and P = .002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals must be aware of possible racial differences in medical history, signs and symptoms, and prognosis when assessing patients and planning interventions. Studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings on African American and white women with myocardial infarction.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Application of molecular diagnostic methods to penaeid shrimp diseases: advances of the past 10 years for control of viral diseases in farmed shrimp.

The most important diseases of farmed penaeid shrimp have infectious aetiologies. Among these are diseases with viral, rickettsial, bacterial, fungal and parasitic aetiologies. Diagnostic methods for these pathogens include the traditional methods of gross pathology, histopathology, classical microbiology, animal bioassay, antibody-based methods, and molecular methods using DNA probes and DNA amplification. While methods using clinical chemistry and tissue culture are standard methods in veterinary and human diagnostic laboratories, the former has not been routinely applied to the diagnosis of penaeid shrimp diseases and the latter has yet to be developed, despite considerable research and development efforts that have spanned the past 40 years. No continuous shrimp cell lines, or lines from other crustaceans, have been developed. Hence, when molecular methods began to be routinely applied to the diagnosis of infectious diseases in humans and domestic animals in the mid- to late 1980s, the technology was applied to the diagnosis of certain important diseases of penaeid shrimp for which only classical diagnostic methods were previously available. A DNA hybridization assay for the parvovirus IHHNV was the first molecular test developed for a shrimp disease. This was followed within a year by the first PCR test for MBV, an important baculovirus disease of shrimp. Today, shrimp disease diagnostic laboratories routinely use molecular tests for diagnostic and surveillance purposes for most of the important penaeid shrimp diseases.

Animal Diseases↗