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PubMed1977

On the mechanical testing of some implants and materials.

This paper discusses the proliferation of medical devices and focusses its attention on the rapid development of orthopedic implants and the attempts by federal authorities to provide standards and recommended practices. The very important aspect of implant assessment based on mechanical testing is discussed and shown to be completely lacking. Current attempts to maintain quality and safety of orthopedic implants are discussed. One test configuration for femoral components of total hip replacement is offered as an example of methods that should be established to verify a particular design in conjunction with efforts to control material composition.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1997

[Infectious diseases, the veritable pandora's box].

The past few years, much attention has been given to the problems regarding new and emerging infectious diseases. Four groups may be considered: (1) new agents discovered among the causes of classical medical syndromes, these do not constitute new dangers but decrease the proportion of unknown causes within these syndromes; (2) increased importance of infectious agents resulting from modified ways of living or production procedures; (3) the really new agents, the spread of which is generally favoured by the same factors and (4) organisms with acquired resistance against antibiotics and pesticides. There is need for extended epidemiological surveillance, that can be improved in our country by better collaboration between different organisations. Most importantly epidemiological surveillance should be organized on an European level with the entire support of our regional and federal authorities.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1981

[Vocational rehabilitation of heart patients. An analysis of "vocational rehabilitation cases" closed by the federal employment institute (author's transl)].

The number of heart/circulatory disease rehabilitation cases closed annually by the Federal Employment Institute has remained almost the same over the 1972-1978 period. In 1978 the national total of closed heart/circulatory disease cases amounted to 6,325, with 945 of the clients having attended vocational rehabilitation measures/courses. Some 25 percent of the cases are classified as "condition following myocardial infarction"; in male clients, this applies to about one third. Compared to the number of male clients, women are strongly under-represented in vocational rehabilitation of heart/circulatory disease patients. In relation to the structure of the gainfully employed population total, the frequency of vocational rehabilitation measures on heart/circulatory disease diagnoses varies strongly among the individual Laender employment office districts. Considerable differences are apparent when the age structure of heart/circulatory disease rehabilitation cases is compared with that of any other disability group. In case of the first, the number of cases increases with age, while the trend is the very opposite in the latter case. This fact shows that vocational rehabilitation measures for heart/circulatory disease patients need come up to special conditions, and that they have to be determined on different criteria. The rate of integrational solutions considered a positive outcome is considerably lower for heart/coronary disease rehabilitees than for the total of rehabilitees. The participation in vocational rehabilitation programmes of 14.9 percent equally is considerably lower than the corresponding percentage of the total number of rehabilitation cases (26.2 percent).

Female↗
PubMed2001

[Formation of medical-demographic processes in the Russian Federation].

The authors analyze the specific features of the present medical and demographic situation in the Russian Federation, the naturally research regularities determining the evolution and development direction of population processes in the 20th century by using the populational advance to the demographic transition to the present-day reproduction as an example. Socioeconomic factors affecting the demographic structure of society are considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in food. The situation in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)].

In a coordinated research program of the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT), a screening study was carried out with representative samples. In spite of rather large ranges of PCB concentrations, the most important food-stuffs show clearly defined clusters with mean values of approx. 0.005 microgram/g in low fat food components of plant origin such as cereals or potatoes, approx. 0.05 microgram/g in vegetable fats, approx. 0.3 microgram/g in fat from milk, butter and cheese, approx. 0.15 microgram/g in animal fat, approx. 0.03 in chicken eggs and approx. 10 microgram/g in fish fat. Considering the mean diet in the FRG, a daily PCB intake of about 29 microgram from animal fat and of 6 microgram from the other food-stuffs results. The total intake of about 35 microgram per day and capita is almost the same as the figure conditionally suggested by the WHO as the acceptable daily HCB (hexachlorobenzene) intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Definition of the term "work with pathogenic microorganism" a problem of quality control in the food industry (author's transl)].

According to the Federal Communicable Disease Act a permission is required for work with pathogenic microorganisms. Current interpretations of these legal requirements, however, pose considerable problems. For example it is quite open whether the determination of total counts or sterility tests are to be considered as work with pathogenic organisms or not. In a recent article a prominent representative of the federal health authority has discussed some of the aspects of this topic Unfortunately no progress in defining the term "work with pathogenic microorganisms" has been achieved. Therefore it seemed necessary to come back to that issue. The discussion presented here shows that the wording of the Federal Communicable Disease Act implies a rather restrictive interpretation of these provisions. Total counts, sterility tests, microbial flora analysis and salmonella tests in food quality control should not be considered as work with pathogenic microorganisms at all. Because of the great importance of these legal provisions health authorities definitely should avoid vague interpretation. Instead, if necessary, proper amendment of the legislation should be considered.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

Raymond de Saussure. First president of the European Psychoanalytical Federation.

The author reviews the life and career of the Swiss psychoanalyst Raymond de Saussure, who died in 1971. A member of an ancient Protestant family with a distinguished intellectual record in Geneva, Saussure studied medicine and psychiatry before turning to psychoanalysis after a fateful encounter with Sigmund Freud, with whom he subsequently maintained intermittent contacts. His subsequent efforts to establish psychoanalysis as a discipline in its own right separate from psychiatry, especially in the French-speaking countries, are described in detail. We learn of his important role in the promotion of psychoanalysis, the organisation of psychoanalytic training and the publication of psychoanalytic material, including his own substantial theoretical and clinical contributions. He is shown also to have had a wide range of other interests. Particular stress is laid on Saussure's Europeanism, as revealed in his familiarity with Germanic as well as French-language culture, his activities in France in addition to Switzerland, his role as an ambassador for European culture during his New York period, and, most importantly, his commitment to the formation of the European Psychoanalytical Federation, of which he was the first President. The author notes too that Saussure was a man of unfailing courtesy.

Europe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The scientific rationale and basic methodological principles for creating government statistics on childhood disability in the Russian Federation].

The authors necessitate the creation in Russia of a new system of state statistical registration of childhood invalidity based on territorial registers of disabled children, which will make available the statistical data characterizing this population both at the regional and federal levels of government. At present such information in our country is virtually unavailable, this impeding the development of scientifically based programs of medicosocial and pedagogical aid to such children and their families. Methodological principles of organization of such a register at a territorial level are described, which will permit including the information collection for the register into the already existing in Russia system of official registration of disabled children and coordinate it with the international recommendations on relevant problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Personnel and bed supplies for Occupational Diseases Centers in Russian Federation].

The author presents calculations of required quantities of beds and staffers for Occupational Diseases Centers. Those calculations are based on scientific norms concerning activities of doctors in the Centers and number of staffers exposed to work conditions that do not meet sanitary and hygienic regulations on Russian Federation territory. Evidence is that most territories face actual staffers and beds numbers much lower than quantities necessary for effective occupational medical care.

Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

[The composition of alcoholics anonymous in the Federal Republic of Germany (author's transl)].

In this, the first, enquiry of Alcoholics Anonymous in the Federal Republic of Germany, undertaken with the support of the AA organisation, nearly 1200 members of various group meetings (most of them weekly attenders) answered an extensive questionnaire, randomly distributed. The results indicate a steady growth of this self-help organisation over the years, at about 30% yearly, to a projected total of 23 000 in 1980. Comparison with similar enquiries in the USA indicates that the German AA consist of younger age-groups. No regional differences emerged from these largely group-demographic data.

Adolescent↗