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PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in cognitive function performance in patients after anesthesia].

This study evaluates the mental performance of 112 patients (ASA grade 1 and 2) submitted to Orthopaedic, Urologic, Gynecologic, General and ENT surgery in Santo Antonio General Hospital. These patients received different types of anaesthesia: General Balanced Anaesthesia--GBA (n = 80), Total Intravenous Anaesthesia--TIVA (n = 17) and Regional Anaesthesia--RA (n = 15). Cognitive function was tested using the mini mental state test (MMS), which was done 24 hours before and 24 hours after anaesthesia. There was a high correlation between pre and postoperative MMS scores (R = 0.94). Patients in the GBA group show a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in cognitive performance 24 hours after surgery in comparison to the preoperative test. No differences were observed between the pre and postoperative MMS tests in the TIVA and RA groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of the preweaning nutritional state on the cardiac protein profile and functional performance of the rat heart.

The aim of the study was to find out whether the changes in nutritional status induced by different litter size during early postnatal development can influence quantitative and qualitative protein remodeling and contractile performance of the myocardium. Male Wistar rats born at the same day were pooled together at 2 days postbirth and assigned by random selection to dams in groups of 4, 8 or 16 rats/litter. The animals were investigated at the age of 4 and 16 weeks. The results revealed that the early postnatal nutritional modification altered weight parameters: whereas lower heart weight persisted in slow-growing rats until 16 weeks, higher body weight of fast-growing rats returned to the control level at the age of 16 weeks. Altered nutritional status influenced also protein remodeling of the myocardium: the concentration of all noncollagenous proteins (fractions of metabolic and contractile proteins) significantly increased in slow-growing rats, on the other hand, the concentration of collagenous proteins (pepsin-soluble and -insoluble fractions) was higher in fast-growing animals. The changes were, however, only transitional: three months after the end of the weaning period most protein changes returned to the control level. However, higher concentration of total blood lipids and triglycerides in fast-growing rats persisted until adulthood. Nutritional changes had, however, only minor effect on ventricular performance. No differences among groups were observed in basal values of the left ventricular pressure, while the maximum pressure attained after an acute ventricular loading and the contractile reserve were significantly decreased in slow-growing 4 week old rats. The functional consequence of altered nutritional status during weaning was only transitional, in agreement with the transient character of most structural and biochemical markers of myocardial remodeling.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

Neurorehabilitation following right thalamic infarct: effects of cognitive retraining on functional performance.

We treated the cognitive impairments of a 69-year-old male, that persisted 7 months after an infarction in the distribution of the right posterior cerebral artery. The infarct produced a 20% reduction in right cerebral blood flow, established by positron emission tomography (PET). Neuropsychological status was characterized by marked hemivisuospatial inattention, visuoperceptual and perceptuomotor dysfunction, and impaired visual memory. A multiple-baselines across behaviors design was utilized to assess effects of specific interventions on targeted cognitive functions. We found significant improvement in attention to left hemispace in response to directed interventions. Considerable gains were also realized in perceptuomotor abilities, mobility, and activities of daily living. Results indicated process-specific effects of strategic cognitive interventions, initiated 7 months postonset.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

[Effect of physical activity on functional performance].

Epidemiological studies clearly show a connection between physical activity and the occurrence of disabilities in old age. Physical exercise is possible and useful at every age. Numerous intervention trials have shown that training of endurance, strength and coordination has positive effects on the cardiovascular system, the lung, the musculo-skeletal system, metabolism and the immune system in elderly people. Even very frail elderly people can increase their muscle strength and functional capabilities by strength training. Group sessions may improve social interactions and additionally increase the quality of life.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Functional performance after tibial rotationplasty.

We measured muscle strength, joint motion, and gait parameters and determined the electromyographic activities of the ankle and knee during walking, running, and stair-climbing in two children who had had a tibial rotationplasty for osteosarcoma of the distal end of the femur. Both had marked loss of strength in the plantar flexors on the side of the prosthesis compared with the sound side, although electromyographic recordings showed that the rotated calf muscles, to a substantial degree, had assumed the function of extensors of the prosthetic knee. Despite some abnormalities in gait, both children walked at speeds that were comparable to those of normal children. They could also run, climb stairs by stepping up with both limbs, and participate in many recreational activities. The functional abilities of these children suggested that rotationplasty, in patients with a similar lesion, is a worth-while alternative to above-the-knee amputation.

Artificial Limbs↗
PubMed1996

Exercise to improve physiologic and functional performance in old age.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of exercise in elderly men and women. The type and intensity of exercise, the health status of the participants, and the outcomes measured vary widely across studies. In general, studies of exercise interventions in older adults show positive physiologic effects in persons of all ages. Musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems, regardless of age, can respond to both resistance and aerobic training as measured by impairments such as strength and maximum oxygen uptake. The magnitude of physiologic effect may be dampened in frailer individuals in response to lower intensity exercise stimuli. In the most impaired elders, exercise may help to forestall further decline in physiologic reserve rather than produce significant gains. The extent to which exercise programs impact performance and disability is less clear. Exercise programs in frailer individuals appear to have greater effect on gait speed and chair rise time than similar programs in healthier individuals. The impact of exercise on measures of disability has not been widely reported. Studies reviewed in this article suggest that exercise training in elders is a potential means of reducing the burden of impairments and ultimately improving function.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of vitamin-supplying greenhouse in the improvement of the functional performance of the Mars research crew].

The paper deals with the problem of providing space crews with adequate diets in extended space flights (lasted for 2 yrs and longer). On the basis of analytic review of the literature data, the questions related to quality of frozen and canned diets after their long-term preservation and first of all the problem of safety of C and A group vitamins in these diets are discussed. There exists two opposing tendencies which counteract each other in providing the space crews with diets: an increased, as compared to adopted norms of consuming the vitamins by cosmonauts in the extreme spaceflight environments, on the one hand, and an expected inevitable decrease in the amount of some vitamins and the quality of some foods during their long-term preservation aboard spacecraft, on the other hand. It is concluded that the most probable solution of the problem under study would be the development of onboard greenhouse to supply the space crew in extended space flights with the required vitamins and other fresh food substances. It is proposed that using of space greenhouse as a part of food regeneration system must contribute to an increased stability and reliability of functioning of the major object of spacecraft, namely, the space crew.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional performance of the knee after intraarticular anesthesia.

Ten healthy young volunteers underwent gait analysis and tests of knee joint position sense. Gait analysis included determination of stride characteristics (velocity, cadence, gait cycle, stride length, and single limb support time), force plate analysis, and motion analysis of the knee. The tests of joint position sense examined the ability of the subject to reproduce passive positioning of the knee and the ability to detect change in angle at the knee joint. In a double-blind manner, 10 cc of sterile fluid were injected into the left knee of each volunteer. Five received 2% lidocaine, the other five received sterile saline. All tests were then repeated. No statistically significant difference was observed in any measurement before and after injection in either test group. It is concluded that intraarticular anesthesia has no effect on gait pattern or joint proprioception as measured. Intraarticular local anesthesia is used in sports medicine to alleviate pain during arthroscopy of the knee under local anesthetic. The possibility of permitting damage in the early postoperative period due to loss of joint position sense is addressed in this paper. The results of this study suggest that injection of local anesthetic into a joint with an intact joint capsule does not compromise joint position sense as measured in this study. Furthermore, no change in gait parameters was observed in the functional task of ambulation. It must be noted that no conclusions regarding the loss of pain sensation can be made from the results of this study. Also, no conclusions regarding competitive activity can be drawn from this study.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1989

Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac chamber size and functional performance in swine.

Ninety nonanesthetized 7- to 16-week-old pigs were studied, using 2-dimensional echocardiography that permits orientation of a targeted M-mode beam perpendicular to structures being studied and allows serial studies of the same cardiac regions. Normative data were obtained and included body weight and measurements of left atrial diameter, mitral valve excursion, aortic root diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, and left ventricular fractional shortening. A positive correlation was found between body weight and measurements of left atrial diameter, mitral valve excursion, aortic root diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters, and fractional shortening. A correlation was found between body weight and age. Best-fit analysis resulted in all measurements fitting either a first- or second-degree polynomial.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Gait analysis in the assessment of functional performance before and after total hip replacement.

A method which measures the temporal and distance factors has been employed to monitor the gait of patients one week prior to total hip replacement and six and twelve months after operation. Variables have been selected which reflect gait symmetry and others which slow the speed of walking and how this is achieved. The method of presentation of results is discussed with particular attention to the use of these results in monitoring the progress of the patient. As a group these patients showed the greatest improvement of six months after operation with little added improvement shown at twelve months.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Leg extensor power and functional performance in very old men and women.

1. Residents of a chronic care hospital (13 men of mean age 88.5 +/- 6 SD years and 13 women of mean age 86.5 +/- 6 SD years) who had multiple pathologies were assessed for leg extensor capability in several ways. 2. A custom-built rig was used to assess leg extensor power, that is, maximal power output over less than 1 s in a single extension of one leg. Performance measures were obtained by timing chair rises (from a standard chair 0.43 m high), stair climbing (four risers, total height 0.635 m) and a walk (6.1 m). For each measurement the best of several trials were recorded as definitive. 3. Leg extensor power was significantly correlated with all performance measures, but the performance measures were not related to each other except for chair rising and walking speed. 4. Women had significantly less extensor power than men, but their power explained more of the variance in performance, e.g. power accounted for 86% of the variance in walking speed. 5. There was no relation within the group between age and any of the variables measured. 6. Measurement of leg extensor power in frail elderly people may prove useful in focusing effective rehabilitation programmes.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C: impact of combined restricted intake on functional performance in man.

A double-blind study of combined restriction of thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C was carried out with 23 healthy males. During 8 wk of low vitamin intake, 12 deficient subjects consumed daily a diet of normal food products, providing maximally 32.5% of the Dutch Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamins B-6 and C. Other vitamins were supplemented at twice the RDA. Eleven control subjects consumed the same diet but with a supplementation of twice the RDA of all vitamins. In deficient subjects blood vitamin levels, urinary vitamin excretion, and erythrocytic enzyme activities decreased; in vitro enzyme stimulation increased. Vitamin depletion had no ill effects on health, physical activity, and mental performance. A significant decrease was observed in aerobic power (VO2max) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (p less than 0.001) of 9.8 and 19.6%, respectively. A combined restricted intake of thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamins B-6 and C causes a decrease in physical performance within a few weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Relation between open and closed kinematic chain assessment of knee strength and functional performance.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between concentric isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength values with the single leg hop for distance test, a closed kinematic chain activity. DESIGN: Correlational study. SETTING: Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh. PARTICIPANTS: Subjects for this study consisted of 37 college-aged volunteers (21 men, 16 women: mean age = 22.76 +/- 3.52 years, height = 169.90 +/- 10.60 cm, weight = 69.31 +/- 14.60 kg) with no previous history of injury to the lower extremity. INTERVENTION: Each subject performed three trials of a single leg hop for distance test for the dominant and nondominant limbs followed by isokinetic evaluation. Isokinetic strength was assessed with the Biodex System II Isokinetic Dynamometer (Biodex Medical Inc., Shirley, NY, U.S.A.) for the quadriceps and hamstrings at preset angular velocities of 60 degrees/s (5 repetitions) and 180 degrees/s (30 repetitions). Before testing, each subject completed a dynamic warm-up period that consisted of submaximal cycling at a fixed cadence of 60 revolutions/min followed subsequently by quadriceps and hamstring muscle stretching. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distance hopped in centimeters was converted to a ratio of the distance hopped to the individual leg length measured from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus. Isokinetic values were obtained for peak torque (Nm), peak torque/body weight (%), total work (Nm), and average power (W). MAIN RESULTS: Low to moderate significant relationships were found to exist between the single leg hop for distance test and the isokinetic variables for the quadriceps and hamstrings of both limbs at each test velocity. Significant correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.33 to r = 0.69 at 60 degrees/s and r = 0.33 and r = 0.67 at 180 degrees/s. Correlation coefficients were found to be statistically greater for the hamstrings than the quadriceps for total work and average power at 60 degrees/s and for peak torque/body weight, total work, and average power at 180 degrees/s (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Concentric quadriceps and hamstring strength seem to demonstrate a significant contribution to the single leg nop for distance test; however, the hamstring muscles may play a more important role during the propulsive phase, thereby enabling subjects to jump further.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The Myxococcus xanthus dsg gene product performs functions of translation initiation factor IF3 in vivo.

The amino acid sequence of the Dsg protein is 50% identical to that of translation initiation factor IF3 of Escherichia coli, the product of its infC gene. Anti-E. coli IF3 antibodies cross-react with the Dsg protein. Tn5 insertion mutations in dsg are lethal. When ample nutrients are available, however, certain dsg point mutant strains grow at the same rate as wild-type cells. Under the starvation conditions that induce fruiting body development, these dsg mutants begin to aggregate but fail to develop further. The level of Dsg antigen, as a fraction of total cell protein, does not change detectably during growth and development, as expected for a factor essential for protein synthesis. The amount of IF3 protein in E. coli is known to be autoregulated at the translational level. This autoregulation is lost in an E. coli infC362 missense mutant. The dsg+ gene from Myxococcus xanthus restores normal autoregulation to the infC362 mutant strain. Dsg is distinguished from IF3 of E. coli, other enteric bacteria, and Bacillus stearothermophilus by having a C-terminal tail of 66 amino acids. Partial and complete deletion of this tail showed that it is needed for certain vegetative and developmental functions but not for viability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗