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At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Patients with duodenitis have gastric secretory and motor functions like those of duodenal ulcer patients: results of a short-term treatment with ranitidine.

Gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying of solids, and the effects of short-term treatment with 300 mg ranitidine at bedtime were evaluated in symptomatic patients with endoscopically and histologically proven duodenitis. The patients investigated had basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid hypersecretion, but normal gastric emptying times. Ranitidine brought about a significant improvement of endoscopic and histological features compared with the pretreatment findings. Endoscopic but not histological improvement was significantly better than with placebo. Furthermore, ranitidine brought about a significant reduction of weekly antacid consumption compared with placebo. Both ranitidine and placebo induced significant symptomatic improvement over basal conditions, but the difference between the two treatments did not reach statistical significance. Gastric secretory and motor functions, as well as the response to therapy, were similar in duodenitis patients with and without previous history of duodenal ulcer; the only exception was in antacid consumption, which was higher in the placebo group in those with past evidence of ulcer disease. Our results suggest that duodenitis patients have secretory and motor functions similar to those of duodenal ulcer patients. Therefore, further trials on large populations of duodenitis patients with antisecretory drugs are justified.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relief of hemiparetic spasticity by TENS is associated with improvement in reflex and voluntary motor functions.

Our previous studies showed that a single 45 min application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) prolonged soleus H and stretch reflex latencies in hemiparetic subjects. In addition, 9 daily 30 min TENS applications enhanced vibratory inhibition of the H reflex and tended to decrease hyperactive stretch reflexes. These findings suggested that longer-term TENS may be effective in reducing hemiparetic spasticity. Our present objectives were 2-fold: to determine whether longer-term repetitive TENS stimulation would lead to a reduction in clinical spasticity in hemiparetic subjects, and whether such a reduction could be associated with a decrease in stretch reflex excitability and an improvement in voluntary motor function. We compared the effects of 15 daily 60 min TENS treatments over a 3 week period, with those of placebo stimulation applied to the common peroneal nerve of the affected leg in similar groups of spastic hemiparetic subjects. Our test battery consisted of 5 measurements which assessed (1) clinical spasticity scores, (2) maximal H reflex to M response ratios, (3) vibratory inhibition of H reflex, (4) stretch reflexes, and (5) maximal voluntary isometric plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, in standing. In contrast to placebo stimulation which produced no significant effects, repeated applications of TENS over time decreased clinical spasticity (P less than 0.05), and increased vibratory inhibition of the soleus H reflex (P = 0.02) after 2 weeks. These changes occurred with a substantial improvement in voluntary dorsiflexing force up to 820%, but not plantarflexing force. They were followed by a reduction in the magnitude of stretch reflexes (P = 0.05) in the spastic ankle plantarflexor, concomitant with a decrease in the EMG co-contraction ratios after a further week of stimulation. Our results thus indicated that repeated applications of TENS can reduce clinical spasticity and improve control of reflex and motor functions in hemiparetic subjects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms may be due partly to an enhancement in presynaptic inhibition of the spastic plantarflexor, and partly to a possible "disinhibition" of descending voluntary commands to the paretic dorsiflexor motoneurons.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Ileoanal pouch compliance and motor function.

Measurement of intrapouch pressure during continuous distension with water (pouchmetrography) was performed in ten patients with good pouch function after restorative proctocolectomy and a 'normal' baseline pressure curve was constructed from the mean pressures at 50-ml intervals. Eight other patients with poor pouch function were studied and the two groups were compared. Patients with poor function had significantly lower maximum tolerated volumes (297.5 versus 565 ml, P less than 0.02) and volumes which caused urgency (135 versus 265 ml, P less than 0.02). Baseline pressure curves were above the upper limit of the normal range (mean plus two standard deviations) for a substantial proportion of the recording in six of the patients with poor function. Large, isolated contraction waves were recorded in six of ten patients with good function and in three of those with poor function. Rhythmic waves were frequently seen in both groups but were more prominent in patients with poor function. Pouchmetrography is a provocative test of pouch motor function which may unmask abnormal muscle activity resulting from reduced compliance or a primary motility disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Intraoperative monitoring of the motor function: experimental and clinical study.

Manipulation of the lesions adjacent to the primary motor area or the motor pathway is troublesome for neurosurgeons because they lack an effective method to determine the primary motor area or to monitor motor function in the operative room. It will be of great value to establish a monitoring method of the corticospinal tract under general anaesthesia. We recorded the motor evoked potential (MEP) from direct motor cortex stimulation in cats and showed that it derives almost purely from the corticospinal tract. Then we used this technique during the operation of the resection of tumours near the primary motor area or the motor pathway. 1. Experimental study: Twenty adult cats were used in this study. Recording electrodes were flexible bipolar catheter electrodes inserted into the spinal epidural space. Stimulating electrodes were silver ball electrode on the cortex (anode) and needle electrode in the temporal muscle (cathode). Stimulation of 4-24 V, 5-10 Hz and 0.2 msec in duration were done and evoked potentials signals were averaged 60 to 512 times. MEP with multiple peaks was obtained that had a 112 msec conduction velocity in the spinal cord. We found the same signals from the stimulation of ipsilateral cerebral peduncle. Radiofrequency lesioning of ipsilateral cerebral peduncle produced a loss of MEP. These results show that MEP derives from the corticospinal tract. Significant wave form change, with components of short latency, was noted by the excessively intense stimuli. We supposed that superimposition of the signals from the extrapyramidal pathways, excited in the brain stem, results in this change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of pirenzepine on oesophageal, gastric, and enteric motor function in man.

The effect of pirenzepine on oesophageal, gastric, and enteric motor function was evaluated in six healthy volunteers. Each subject was studied before and after taking pirenzepine, 100 mg/day, for 3 days. Half and complete gastric emptying times of clear liquid, assessed by epigastric impedance, were significantly delayed by the drug: 6.16 +/- 1.74 min and 13.8 +/- 4.64 min versus 16.65 +/- 3.03 min and 25.1 +/- 8.2 min, respectively (p less than 0.05). Enteric motility was assessed by manometry, and variables studied were the duration of the various phases of the migratory motility complex, the frequency of contractions in phase III, and the amplitude of contractions in phases II, III, and in the postprandial period. Only phase I was affected and was significantly prolonged by the drug: 16.08 +/- 5.94 min versus 31.65 +/- 12.88 min (p less than 0.01). Oesophageal motility was assessed by manometry. Variables studied were amplitude and duration of contractions in the body of the oesophagus, and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. Results were not significantly changed by the drug. We conclude that pirenzepine, given at a dose used for treatment of peptic ulcer disease, significantly delays the gastric emptying of liquids, has minimal effect on enteric motility, and has no effect on oesophageal motility. The effect on gastric emptying may be therapeutically useful by reducing the acid load on the duodenum in duodenal ulcer disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Motor function after stroke.

Two hundred and eighty-seven patients who had survived an acute stroke for up to one week after admission to hospital were examined for loss of motor function in the arm and leg. There was a highly significant difference in problem-solving, spatial neglect, communication and postural function between those with significant motor loss and those without. There was no significant difference in memory impairment. Significant loss in motor power had a bad prognosis for functional outcome, length of stay in hospital and survival. If recovery was to occur, it had done so by eight weeks.

Cerebrovascular Disorders↗
PubMed1978

Development of functional motor innervation in supernumerary hindlimbs of the chick embryo.

1. The development of functional motor innervation in supernumerary chick hindlimbs transplated to host embryos at stages 16--18, was studied throughout the embryonic period from stage 27 when peripheral synapses were first formed. 2. The innervation pattern, defined as the number and sequential order of spinal nerves innervating individual muscles, were determined for supernumerary hindlimbs innervated by thoracic, lumbosacral-thoracic, or wholly lumbosacral spinal cord segments. Spinal nerves were electrically stimulated and muscle contraction was scored visually or by tension measurement and compound action-potential recordings were made from muscle nerves. 3. There was no tendency for spinal nerves to grow to or to synapse with the muscles which they normally innervate. Rather, they formed functional connections with inappropriate muscles, which were maintained throughout the developmental period studied. The localization of the motoneuron cell bodies was confirmed with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and shown to be adjacent to the spinal nerves through which their axons exited. Motoneurons innervating specific muscles occupied a similar medial-to-lateral position in the cord in both control and supernumerary limbs. 4. In all supernumerary limbs a definite peripheral innervation pattern was formed, which approximated the normal pattern. Specifically, the relative craniocaudal position of motor columns innervating individual muscles was conserved, even though the actual spinal nerves innervating the transplant were different from animal to animal. In limbs reversed along the anterior-posterior axis, the innervation pattern was also reversed. 5. The results suggest that motoneurons have not been rigidly specified to innervate certain muscles at the time when the limb buds were transplanted. Further, the limb itself can apparently influence the innervation pattern in an important manner, possibly by specifying motoneurons or by subsequently directing axon outgrowth and synapse formation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Esophageal motor function in patients with muscular dystrophy.

In a study designed to evaluate esophageal motor function in muscular dystrophy we examined 13 patients with myotonic dystrophy, 14 patients with "nonmyotonic" muscular dystrophy, and 8 healthy control subjects by manometric and radionuclide transit studies. Patients with myotonic dystrophy exhibited a marked weakness of esophageal contractions and upper esophageal sphincter pressure. Coordination of sphincter relaxation and peristaltic sequences remained unaltered. These changes led to delayed esophageal emptying in all patients with myotonic dystrophy. Although esophageal function was also impaired in the distal esophagus, on histologic studies, morphologic alterations were confined to esophageal striated muscle in a single patient with myotonic dystrophy. In contrast to the marked dysfunction of esophageal motility in patients with myotonia, no such alterations were observed in the "nonmyotonic" form of muscular dystrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Vagal control of the motor functions of the lower esophageal sphincter and the stomach.

Vagal control of the motor functions of the lower esophageal sphincter and the stomach is briefly reviewed. The vagal influence is in principle the same in the two tissues. There exists one set of vagal fibers which evokes a contractile response. This response is mediated via cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Another set of fibers evokes a relaxation via a non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic mechanism. The neurotransmitter involved in this response is not established. Observations reported in the literature suggest that an interneuron releasing 5-hydroxytryptamine may be involved. At the effector cells vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and/or adenosine triphosphate may be the neurotransmitter(s).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1988

Unilateral infusion of GABA and saline into the nucleus basalis of rats: 1. Effects on motor function and brain morphology.

Motor behavior was investigated in rats following acute and chronic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) microinfusions into the nucleus basalis. For acute treatment, the rats received GABA (100 micrograms in 1 microliter), then saline, or these solutions in the reverse order, into the nucleus basalis contralateral to their preferred turning direction in a radial maze. For chronic treatment, half the rats received saline (1 microliter/h for 4 days), and than GABA (100 micrograms/microliters/h) for the same period of time ('saline-first' group). In the other half, this sequence was reversed ('GABA-first' group). Acute microinjections of GABA decreased turning towards the non-injected side; chronic treatment enhanced this effect by reversing the preferred turning direction. Return to initial turning direction was observed after acute GABA-injection in both experimental groups, but only in the 'saline-first' group after chronic treatment. The 'GABA-first' group showed gliosis in and around the nucleus basalis area and a reduction of cortical acetyl-cholinesterase-positivity which were significantly greater than in the 'saline-first' group. This, chronic saline pretreatment is associated with diminished neurotoxicity of chronic GABA infusion and with a reversibility of the drug-induced behavioral effects.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of stress on oesophageal motor function in normal subjects and in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome.

Stress can modulate the motor function of the stomach, small bowel, and colon in healthy subjects, and of the small bowel and colon in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The effect of stress on oesophageal motility in eight healthy subjects and in eight IBS patients was studied, using two pressure transducers positioned just above the lower oesophageal sphincter and 5 cm proximally. Stressors were: a video arcade game, delayed audio feedback, and hand immersion in cold water. Each stress period was followed by five swallows of water. Frequency and amplitude of oesophageal contractions and the number of simultaneous and multipeaked contractions were manually counted for each stress period and compared to the preceding rest period. Frequency of contractions (per minute) tended to decrease during stress periods, but achieved significance only with the video arcade game in the control group (2.0 (0.6) v 1.2 (0.4); p less than 0.01). No other trend was evident in either control or IBS patients. No abnormalities of oesophageal body function were recorded in IBS patients either in basal conditions, or under stress. Unlike the more complex motor programmes elsewhere in the gut, the preprogrammed nature of oesophageal peristalsis is not modulated by stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effects of 2,4-dithiobiuret on sensory and motor function.

2,4-Dithiobiuret (DTB) exposure causes a delayed onset muscle weakness in rats that has been attributed to depressed neuromuscular transmission. The present study compares the effects of DTB on both sensory and motor function in rats. Adult male Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to saline, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg/day DTB, ip, for 5 consecutive days (Days 1-5). Body weights were monitored throughout the experiment. Motor activity was measured for 1 hr in figure-eight mazes on Days 0, 6, 13, and 27. Forelimb and hindlimb grip strength were assessed on Days 6, 13, and 27. Auditory thresholds were determined for 5- and 40-kHz tones using reflex modification of the startle response on Days 0, 7, 14, and 28. Visual function was examined on Day 6 in animals exposed at 0.5 mg/kg/day using flash- and pattern-elicited visual evoked potentials (FEPs and PEPs, respectively). Thermal sensitivity was measured using the hot plate procedure. All motor endpoints were decreased in a dosage- and time-dependent manner; the higher the dosage the longer the effects lasted. There were no effects on any measure of sensory function with the exception of peak N2 of the FEP. Both the amplitude and latency of FEP N2 were altered by DTB exposure. Decreases in body weight were maximal on Day 9 at 1.0 mg/kg/day (20% from control), but recovered by Day 22. Motor activity was suppressed on Day 6 only, whereas grip strength measures were decreased on both Days 6 and 13. Auditory thresholds were not significantly altered; however, baseline startle amplitude was decreased at the highest dosage on Days 7 and 14, but recovered by Day 28. Hot plate latencies were not altered by DTB treatment. These data demonstrate that DTB produces a reversible impairment of motor function, without altering auditory, thermal, or pattern visual function. FEP N2, which is thought to arise from activity generated in the superficial layers of visual cortex, was diminished by DTB treatment, indicating that DTB can alter the function of the CNS, although effects on the motor system are more pronounced.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Motor function in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mouse.

Motor function was assessed by use of a swim test in C57 Black mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Thirty minutes after the last MPTP injection significant motor impairment was observed while striatal dopamine was reduced to 13.9% of control levels. At 24 h and 7 days post MPTP injection dopamine levels were still reduced to 17.3% and 26.4% of control values but swimming abilities of the mice were unimpaired. Histofluorescence of catecholaminergic neurons confirmed the presence of catecholamine depletion but showed little evidence of neuronal destruction. The use of MPTP as a non-invasive means of nigrostriatal dopamine depletion in rodents and higher animals allows a re-evaluation of the role of the dopaminergic system in the modulation of movement.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1976

Management of children with non-organic (hysterical) disorders of motor function.

Five children aged between 10 and 13 years are discribed whose disorders of motor function were found to have a non-organic (hysterical) cause. In most cases extensive investigations had been made to establish an organic cause before the hysterical basis was diagnosed. The three essentials of management of such cases are to limit further investigations to the essential minimum, to institute quickly a programme of graduated physical rehabilitation, and to establish and treat the underlying psychological problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Does healing of esophagitis improve esophageal motor function?

This study investigates whether healing of erosive esophagitis leads to an improvement of esophageal motor abnormalities. Manometric studies were performed in 18 patients with erosive esophagitis before and after healing of the mucosal lesions and in 15 healthy controls. Nine patients were treated with a Nissen fundoplication and nine with H2-receptor antagonists. After healing, patients were followed for a mean duration of 3.0 +/- 0.4 years. Compared to controls, patients had significantly lower contraction amplitudes and lower esophageal sphincter pressures (P less than 0.01), while the duration and velocity of esophageal contractions was similar in both groups. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure increased after surgical treatment, while no such changes were observed in medically treated patients. In both groups amplitude, duration, and velocity of esophageal contractions were not affected by healing of esophagitis. On extended follow-up, all surgically treated patients remained asymptomatic while eight of nine medically treated patients developed a symptomatic relapse which was accompanied by erosive esophagitis in six of them. The lack of improvement in esophageal motor function after healing of esophagitis may contribute to the frequent occurrence of relapse in medically treated patients.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗
PubMed1987

[Dynamics of the recovery of motor functions after the stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas (clinical computed tomographic study)].

The recovery of impaired motor functions in patients with intracerebral haemorrhages depends on many factors. It has been proved that surgical removal of intracerebral hematomas improves the survival rate. Yet, the results of recovery primarily depend on the type of surgery. A new method of stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas has a number of advantages over the open method, primarily low traumatism. The prognosis of the recovery of motor ability is determined by not only the type of surgery but by a number of other factors as well, namely, the volume and localization of the hematoma, the degree of deformation of the brain stem and the timing of surgical intervention. The results of clinical employment of the new method in 51 patients should be considered encouraging while the operation of stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas appears rather promising.

Adult↗