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PubMed1993

Relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor and other prognostic factors in gynecological cancers.

In 62 cases of gynecological malignancies, 16 of the ovarian, 31 of the endometrium and 15 of the cervix, the EGF-R status was evaluated in order to establish its prognostic value and its correlation with other classical prognostic factors. We have failed to demonstrate any correlation between EGF-R status and stage, grade and hormonal receptors, ER/PgR, in ovarian and cervical cancer. In contrast, in endometrial cancer, we observed significantly lower levels of EGF-R in poorly differentiated tumors. Moreover, a weak negative relationship between EGF-R and PgR status was found. Regarding survival, we noticed a better prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer EGF-R positive, but without statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Vascular endothelial growth factor secretion is an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients.

Substantial improvements in long-term survival have been made with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the overall success rate in treatment of AML is around 50%, despite intensive chemotherapeutic regimens. AML cell survival seems to be related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether VEGF production by AML cells is a prognostic factor for therapeutic outcome and whether this is independent of known prognostic factors such as WBC count, French-American-British (FAB) classification, and risk assessment in which the presence of t(8;21), t(15;17), and inv(16) or FAB M3 defines a low-risk group. Pretreatment levels were measured in the supernatant of AML cells obtained from 47 children with newly diagnosed AML treated between 1988 and 1998. All patients were treated with intensive chemotherapeutic protocols from the Dutch Childhood Leukemia Study Group [DCLSG (DCLSG-ANLL87, DCLSG-ANLL92/94, and DCLSG-ANLL97)]. VEGF was measured at the mRNA level with reverse transcription-PCR and at the protein level using a VEGF immunoassay. VEGF in the supernatant from AML cells was highly variable and in concordance with reverse transcription-PCR results. The low-risk group had significantly lower VEGF levels compared with all others (P = 0.002). VEGF levels were significantly increased in AML FAB M4/M5 versus AML patients with FAB M1/M2/M3/M4eo (P = 0.011), who are reported to have a longer remission duration. Subsequently, the influence of different variables on therapeutic outcome was analyzed. No differences were found in overall survival. But within the limits of the small patient population, VEGF levels as well as age at diagnosis had an independent significant effect on relapse-free survival (P = 0.032 and P = 0.029, respectively) in multivariate analysis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Differentiation inhibitory factor Nm23 as a prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia.

The differentiation inhibitory factor nm23 inhibits the differentiation of murine and human myeloid leukemia cells. The inhibition of differentiation may be associated with the aggressive behavior of leukemia. To clarify the role of nm23 in human myeloid leukemia, we investigated the relative levels of nm23-H1, nm23-H2 and c-myc transcripts in bone marrow and blood samples from 110 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 in these AML samples were significantly higher than in normal blood cells, and a higher level of nm23-H1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis for AML patients. Analysis of the correlation between nm23 expression and clinical parameters demonstrated that increased nm23-H1 mRNA levels were associated with resistance to initial chemotherapy and reduced overall survival. Multivariate analysis of putative prognostic factors revealed that elevated nm23-H1 mRNA levels significantly influenced the prognosis of patients with AML, particularly in AML-M5.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Hepatoma-derived growth factor is a novel prognostic factor for patients with pancreatic cancer.

PURPOSE: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a nucleus-targeted growth factor playing an important role in the development and progression of cancers. This study investigated the correlation of HDGF expression and prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: HDGF expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. HDGF expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for 50 patients with primary ductal carcinoma of the pancreas (33 male and 17 female) ranging in age from 48 to 80 years (median, 65 years) receiving surgical treatment. Cancer cells showing stronger staining than the noncancerous ducts were regarded as positive. Cases showing positive staining in < 90% and > 90% of tumor cells were regarded as HDGF labeling index (LI) levels 1 and 2, respectively. HDGF LI was determined separately for the nucleus and the cytoplasm. RESULTS: Western blotting showed HDGF expression in pancreatic cancer cells similar to that of hepatic cell lines. Twenty-three (46%) and 27 (54%) cases and 22 (44%) and 28 (56%) cases showed HDGF LI levels 1 and 2 for the nucleus and the cytoplasm, respectively. Patients with nuclear HDGF LI level 1 showed a significantly better 5-year survival rate (37.0%) than those with level 2 (6.8%; P = 0.023). No significant difference was observed in the cytoplasmic HDGF LI classification. Multivariate analysis revealed nuclear HDGF LI to be an independent prognosticator. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that HDGF could be a novel prognostic factor for pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated at the Finsen Institute, Copenhagen 1965-1985: survival and some prognostic factors.

Clinical data from 218 patients consecutively treated for nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen during the period 1965 through 1985 have been analyzed for factors of prognostic importance. Of the 218 patients, 47 were Greenland Inuit eskimos and 169 were white Danish. The 5-year crude survival for the entire group of patients was 30%. The two groups of patients differed with respect to the importance of different prognostic factors. Keratinizing tumors were only present in the Danish population. These patients had a highly significant worse outcome than the rest of the Danish (P less than 0.00001). Age, stage, and T classification were important prognostic factors in the Danish population, but not in the Inuit population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Expression of autocrine motility factor mRNA is a poor prognostic factor in high-grade astrocytoma.

It has been reported that tumor infiltration is correlated with the expression of autocrine motility factor (AMF) and its receptor 78 kDa glycoprotein (gp78). The purpose of the present study was to detect AMF and gp78 mRNA expression levels and their localization in high-grade astrocytomas (glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma) and to determine whether AMF and gp78 are important prognostic factors. A total of 32 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded glioblastomas and 23 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded anaplastic astrocytomas was used. The expressions of AMF and gp78 mRNA were detected using the highly sensitive in situ hybridization method. The expression of AMF mRNA was detected in 27 of 32 glioblastomas (84.4%) and 11 of 23 anaplastic astrocytomas (47.8%). The positivity of AMF mRNA was significantly higher in glioblastomas than in anaplastic astrocytomas (P = 0.0094), but gp78 mRNA was detected in most cases and no statistical significance was observed. The overall survival of patients with AMF expression was significantly shorter than patients without AMF expression (P = 0.0175). In anaplastic astrocytomas, the overall survival of patients with AMF expression was also significantly shorter than in patients without AMF expression (P = 0.0058). This study demonstrated that AMF is a poor prognostic factor in high-grade astrocytomas.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Loss of expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor as a prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical implication of the loss of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor (TbetaR) expression for the pathologic features in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the prognosis of 62 patients (Stage I, 4; Stage II, 28; Stage III, 11; and Stage IV, 19) who underwent radical nephrectomy for RCC. Loss of expression in TbetaR could result in escape from the growth inhibitory effect of TGF-beta in TGF-beta-secreting cancer. METHODS: TbetaR and apoptosis in the tumor were detected by immunohistochemistry using samples from 62 patients. We statistically investigated the relationship among the TbetaR expression pattern, pathologic features, and the prognosis of patients with RCC. RESULTS: A loss of expression of TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II was identified in 29 patients (46.7%) and 31 patients (50.0%), respectively. Although the loss of TbetaR-I was not associated with clinical stage, the loss of TbetaR-II was associated with clinical stage (P <0.01). Univariate analysis of all patients demonstrated that Stage T3 or greater, clinical Stage III or greater, loss of TbetaR-II, and a tumor apoptotic index of less than 35 were associated with a significantly lower survival rate than their respective counterparts. Multivariate analysis showed that the only two significant prognostic factors were clinical stage and loss of TbetaR-II. In addition, TbetaR-negative RCC had significantly lower apoptosis than did TbetaR-positive RCC. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a loss of TbetaR-II expression in the primary tumor is a significant prognostic factor in patients with RCC.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Preoperative serum tissue factor levels are an independent prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF) is a procoagulant that plays an important part in tumor angiogenesis. We sought to determine the role of preoperative serum TF levels in predicting clinical outcome in patients with ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TF expression was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in ovarian cell lines. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we assessed preoperative serum TF levels in 98 women with invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma, 30 with low malignant potential (LMP) tumors, 16 with benign tumors, and a separate validation group of 39 women with adnexal masses. Clinical information was gathered from chart review. RESULTS: TF was expressed in four of the five ovarian cancer cell lines, but absent in the nontransformed cells. Ovarian cancer patients had a median preoperative serum TF level of 85.2 pg/mL, which was significantly higher than in those with LMP tumors (12.8 pg/mL; P < .01) and benign adnexal disease (30.7 pg/mL; P < .01). TF >or= 190 pg/mL was significantly associated with decreased patient survival (P < .01). After adjusting for other clinical variables in a multivariate Cox regression model, TF >or= 190 pg/mL was an independent prognostic factor (P < .01). Analysis of serum TF levels from the validation set confirmed that high TF (>or=190 pg/mL) was associated with a 3.4-fold increase in risk of death from disease (P = .02) and shorter survival (P = .01). CONCLUSION: Preoperative serum TF levels are significantly elevated in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Elevated preoperative TF level is an independent prognostic factor for death from disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Usefulness of platelet-derived growth factor as a prognostic factor in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the resected pulmonary adenocarcinoma tissue of 88 patients was detected immunohistochemically by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique to determine whether or not it is a prognostic parameter. The 88 patients were divided into PDGF (-) and PDGF (+) groups according to the stainability of the factor. The PDGF (-) group included 39 patients and the PDGF (+) group 49. The 5-year survival rate was 53% for the PDGF (-) group and 17% for the PDGF (+) group (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the stainability of PDGF can be a prognostic parameter for pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2006

Thyroid transcription factor 1--a new prognostic factor in lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic role for survival of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in lung cancer. METHODS: Studies evaluating survival and TTF-1 in lung cancer patients, published until August 2005, were assessed with a methodological scoring system. The required data for estimation of individual hazard ratios (HRs) for survival were extracted from the publications and a combined HR was calculated. RESULTS: We identified 10 eligible papers, all dealing with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eight were meta-analysed (evaluable studies). Seven studies included patients with local and/or locoregional diseases and three dealt only with adenocarcinoma. Median methodological quality score was 65.9% (range = 31.8%-70.5%). TTF-1 positivity was associated with statistically significant reduced or improved survival in one and four studies, respectively. Combined HR for the eight evaluable studies was 0.64 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-1.00]. In the subgroup of adenocarcinoma, the combined HR was 0.53 (95% CI = 0.29-0.95). CONCLUSION: TTF-1 is a good prognostic factor for survival in NSCLC. Its effect appears also significant when the analysis is restricted to patients with adenocarcinoma. This study supports the fact that TTF-1 could be included in further prospective trials studying prognostic factors in NSCLC.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Prognostic factors in mesothelioma.

Prognostic factors can help clinicians and patients when deciding a treatment plan. Patients in the best prognostic groups can be considered for more intensive or experimental therapy. Alternatively, patients in the best prognostic groups might prefer a period of observation prior to commencement of therapy. For patients with mesothelioma prognostic factors are potentially especially important because of the lack of a widely applicable anatomical staging system. Both the International Mesothelioma Interest Group (IMIG) and Brigham staging systems are of limited relevance to patients not undergoing radical debulking surgery. Radiological prediction of IMIG or Brigham stage is of little value. Review of the best-known prognostic scoring systems from the EORTC and CALGB has shown that the most important predictors of poor prognosis are: poor performance status; non-epithelioid histology; male gender; low hemoglobin; high platelet count; high white blood cell count; and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The EORTC model was validated at St Bartholomew's Hospital in a group of 145 patients treated in sequential phase II chemotherapy trials. For 70 patients treated with vinorelbine, those having the best EORTC prognosis had a median survival of 19.2 months [95% C.I.=14.7-23.7] compared to 9.9 months [95% C.I.=8.5-11.3] for those in the worst group. The suggestion is that all clinical and biological factors relevant to prognosis should be recorded prospectively in mesothelioma patients selected for clinical trials.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Prognostic factors of anorexia nervosa--an empirical study for constructing a hierarchical order of important factors].

Reports on prognostic factors of anorexia nervosa differentiate positive, negative and irrelevant data. However, these fields stand in parallel without quantification and thus without aspiring a hierarchical order. Establishing such an order by relative importance is the aim of this study in which we report on n = 113 patients. Among these prognostic factors from the time before, during and after hospitalization are investigated empirically. The patients' present state acts as a criterion (follow-up after 6.4 years). The relevant factors are set up hierarchically and investigated by multivariate analysis with special respect to relative importance of somatic, psychological or social variables. Finally we give therapeutic recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Endogenous immune response to early- and intermediate-stage melanoma is correlated with outcomes and is independent of locoregional relapse and standard prognostic factors.

BACKGROUND: Standard prognostic factors, including precise staging of the regional lymph nodes, cannot accurately determine which early-stage melanomas will metastasize. The immune response to a 90-kd tumor-associated antigen correlates with occult nodal disease and survival of patients receiving vaccine therapy for melanoma. We hypothesized that this response might have prognostic significance independent of standard prognostic features. STUDY DESIGN: Patients with primary melanomas 1.01 to 2.00 mm and tumor-negative regional lymph nodes were identified. Group 1 comprised 50 patients who died of metastases within 7 years after complete surgical treatment; group 2 comprised 50 patients who were matched with group 1 for six standard prognostic features but who lived at least 10 years without recurrence. Postoperative sera were analyzed for an immune complex to TA90 and for immunoglobulin-G and immunoglobulin-M antibodies against TA90. RESULTS: Median thickness of the primary melanoma was 1.40 +/- 0.31 mm and 1.42 +/- 0.32 mm in groups 1 and 2, respectively; median Clark's level of invasion was III in both groups, and 26 patients in each group had ulcerated primaries. Median TA90-IC level and rate of TA90-IC positivity (optical density greater than 0.410) were 0.557 +/- 0.43 and 82%, respectively, in group 1 and 0.305 +/- 0.15 and 18%, respectively, in group 2 (p < 0.001). The anti-TA90 IgM level was significantly elevated in 12% of group 1 (median titer 1:150) and 62% of group 2 (median titer 1:800) (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in anti-TA90 IgG levels between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: A positive TA90-IC level and absence of an anti-TA90 IgM response correlate with distant metastasis when melanoma is low risk or intermediate risk by standard prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Prognostic factors in bladder cancer].

Prognostic factors in bladder cancer are used to determine the prognosis of patients and select the method of treatment. Clinical stage, the number of tumors, size of the main tumor, mode of proliferation, cell type, histological grade, histological stage, mode of spread, and intramural lymphatic and venous invasion are well-known prognostic factors. They are closely related to survival or the disease-free interval. Most prognostic factors are histopathological findings. Now, study of new prognostic factors in bladder cancer related to molecular biological or immunohistochemical technique is ongoing.

Disease-Free Survival↗
PubMed1993

Insulin-like growth factor-1: a prognostic factor of knee osteoarthritis.

During a population survey in 1975-1978 persons with radiological osteoarthritis (ROA) of the knee were identified. After 12 years a follow-up study was conducted to study the effect of circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on cartilage loss, osteophyte growth and overall progression in 141 persons with confirmed ROA of the knee. The outcome measures were scored by comparing the radiographs taken at baseline and at follow-up. Insulin-like growth factor-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay in serum taken at follow-up and in 79% of the baseline sera. After adjusting for age, gender and body mass index at baseline, IGF-1 concentration at follow-up was related to osteophyte growth and overall progression. The adjusted odds ratio of the highest vs the lowest tertile was 2.96 (95% CI: 1.15-7.60) for osteophyte growth and 2.58 (1.01-6.60) for overall progression. No clear relationship was found with cartilage loss. These results were confirmed when baseline IGF-1 was studied. We conclude that the circulating IGF-1 concentration has an effect on the course of knee OA by influencing osteophyte formation but a preventive effect on cartilage loss could not be shown.

Adult↗