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PubMed1990

Reading, writing and the Texas supplement to the essential elements for the hearing impaired.

Students need educational programs which foster maximum development of their personal knowledge, skill, and competence. To accomplish this, they should have access to a well-balanced curriculum, effective instruction and opportunities to succeed. In accordance with this philosophy, the 67th and 68th Legislatures of the State of Texas (1981-1984) established rules and procedures for the implementation of a state basic curriculum. Under this mandate, school districts are required to implement the provisions of these rules in "a manner which will enable all students to participate actively in a well-balanced curriculum and master, to the best of their ability, the knowledge, skills, and competencies established through the essential elements," in order to become accredited by the Texas Education Agency. To meet these requirements and make the goals wholly appropriate for hearing-impaired students in Texas, the Division of Services for the Deaf of the Texas Education Agency developed an in-depth expansion of these state-mandated essential elements in the area of English Language Arts, grades K-8. This expansion, the Supplement to the Essential Elements for the Hearing Impaired (SEE-HI) includes the original language arts essential elements as well as supplemental goals and sub-goals necessary for students who have language deficiencies, especially those caused by hearing loss.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The educational potential of direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug advertising allow broadcast advertisements with incomplete risk information if the ads refer consumers to physicians, pharmacists, and supplemental information sources. New research reveals several problems with both television advertisements and supplemental text materials that might compromise their ability to meet the FDA's requirement for "fair balance" in the presentation of risks and benefits. In response, we make several recommendations to improve the educational quality of DTC advertising, which can be implemented through either voluntary agreements or revised FDA regulations.

Advertising↗
PubMed1996

Top 100 hospitals. Reaching for the clouds.

The nation's Top 100 hospitals combine razor's edge management with an ability to take a marketplace punch and maintain their balance sheet. And more often than not, they're found in markets highly influenced by managed care and for-profit healthcare companies.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

Imaging equipment and techniques for optimal intraoperative imaging during endovascular interventions.

Because endovascular procedures represent an ever-increasing portion of many vascular surgery practices, many surgeons are faced with difficult choices. Endovascular procedures often require open surgery, and open surgical techniques increasingly require fluoroscopic imaging. Without good intraoperative imaging, endovascular procedures are difficult and endovascular aneurysm repair is impossible. How does one balance the need for optimal imaging without sacrificing the ability to safely perform open surgical procedures, especially in the early stages of a developing endovascular program? Strategies include the use of a portable c-arm and carbon fiber table in the operating room (OR), adding a fixed imaging platform to an OR, gaining access to an angiography suite that does not meet OR requirements, and modifying it into an interventional suite that does meet operating room standards. Once the optimal equipment and facilities have been chosen, other choices must be considered. Should a radiology technician be hired? Should an interventional radiologist be available to assist or be incorporated as a routine member of the team? How will typical operating room procedures and technique need to be altered in an effort to optimize intraoperative imaging for endovascular procedures? This article gives an overview of the many issues that arise as a vascular surgery practice evolves to incorporate complex endovascular procedures.

Angiography↗
PubMed2000

The forensic anthropology legacy of T. Dale Stewart (1901-1997).

T. Dale Stewart (1901-1997) began his Smithsonian career as a temporary aide to Ales Hrdlicka (1869-1943) in 1924. At the time of his death in 1997, he was regarded world-wide as an authority who led the professional development of American forensic anthropology. He was a prodigious researcher, best known for his meticulous attention to detail, balanced scientific judgment, keen sense of research design, and ability for synthesis. Stewart's publications, extensive casework for the FBI and others, his court testimony, publications, professional contacts, and organizational activity merit him a prominent place in the history of American forensic anthropology.

Forensic Anthropology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma levels of mediator amino acids in patients with Parkinson disease].

Content of neurotransmitter amino acids before and after treatment with He-Ne-laser was measured in blood of two groups of the Parkinson's disease patients distinguished by low (first group) and high (second group) activity of monoamine oxidase B and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase. An increase in taurine level at the early stage of the disease (first group of patients) suggests that taurine may be a marker of compensatory abilities of the organism. The violation of the glutamate/taurine balance at the later stages of the disease and its normalization following the laserotherapy accompanied improvement of neurological symptoms.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Iron metabolism in the yeast].

Current data concerning transport, storage and utilization of iron in the yeast cells, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae are summarized in the paper. It has been marked that iron uptake in the cells provides by high affinity system, it function is carried out by protein complex Fet3-Ftr1, and Fet4, protein with low affinity to iron ion. The both systems utilize Fe(II). Furthermore, the active site of the protein Fre1 is exposed on the outer side of plasmalemma. This protein, due to ferrireductase activity, provides availability of Fe(III) to the cell. The information regards to participation of siderophores and metal-proton plasma membrane exchangers Smf1 in iron transport is brought. Particular attention is given to regulation of expression of the genes, coding the iron metabolic systems. Some aspects of iron utilization for Fe-S-containing enzymes synthesis are lighted. It has been concluded that the yeast is a perspective subject for studying balance of living organisms between iron essentiality and its ability to trigger free radical reactions.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1995

Comprehensive health promotion: opportunities for demonstrating value added to the business.

1. Comprehensive health promotion is any intervention that attempts to move people toward a state of optimal health, including traditional disease prevention efforts. 2. Health promotion programs enhance employees' self responsibility, sense of balance with work, family, health, and social concerns, and ability to take action, all of which improve teamwork, innovation, quality, and creative thinking. 3. The design of a comprehensive health promotion program is directed by health goals or management goals, and based on data obtained by an assessment of all customers. 4. Health care cost reductions are more likely to be achieved when an array of programs are offered.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed1995

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) expert system in postpartum nursing.

The method of TCM treatment is highly appreciated by Chinese people, because it is safe, without side effects, widely applicable, gives good results, and uses natural medicinal herbs. It is an ideal natural cure that will make contributions to the health of patients all over the world. The superiority of TCM nursing and treatment should be brought into full play--it is an active nursing method which deserves recommendation for postpartum nursing. This paper introduces the TCM expert system in postpartum nursing and discusses the features of TCM treatment and nursing by using concepts of modern cybernetics. The human body can be considered a high-level automatic control system in which there are many transinformation mediums, for example, neuro-system, humoral-system, meridian system (the response along the channels during acupuncture) etc. They stem from the very long process of evolution. Through the action of them, the body can adapt environments; keep normal metabolism and immunity; and possess the functions of compensation , learning, and self-repair, for example, conditioned reflexes, vaccination, etc. In general, the balancing tendency of dynamic body stays normal homeostate. If the body is ill, then its dynamic balancing tendency will be changed. TCM doctors can make use of remedy, acupuncture, and massage, etc. to regulate the balancing tendency of dynamic body to induce the defending ability itself and recover normal homeostate of body. The TCM nursing expert system in postpartum nursing has been finished. Its working environment must be CCDOS or UCDOS edition 3.0 and above. The hardware environment is PC/286, 386, or 486.

Expert Systems↗
PubMed1999

CTLA-4 (CD152) inhibits the specific lysis mediated by human cytolytic T lymphocytes in a clonally distributed fashion.

Since the functional outcome of effector T lymphocytes depends on a balance between activatory and inhibitory receptors, we studied the ability of CTLA-4 (CD152) to inhibit the cytolytic function of CTL. In 22 TCR alpha/beta+ CD3+ 8+ CTL clones, activation induced by anti-CD3, anti-CD28, or anti-CD2 mAb was inhibited by anti-CD152 mAb in a redirected killing assay. In eight clones inhibition was >40%, in 10 it ranged between 20-40%, and in four it was <20%. This suggests the existence of a clonal heterogeneity as well as for the ability of CTLA-4 to inhibit CD3/TCR-, CD28-, or CD2-mediated CTL activation. To support further this contention, we used an experimental model based upon Ag-specific CTL. Eight Ag-specific T cell clones that lyse autologous EBV-infected B lymphocytes, but are unable to lyse allogeneic EBV-infected B cell lines, were used in a cytolytic assay in which anti-CD152 mAb or soluble recombinant receptor (i.e., CTLA-4 Ig) were included. In this system, at variance from the redirected killing assay, cross-linking of surface molecules by mAb does not occur. Thus, addition of anti-CD152 mAb or of CTLA-4 Ig and anti-CD80/CD86 mAb to the assay should result in a blockade of receptor/ligand interactions. As a consequence, inhibition of a negative signal, such as that delivered via CD152, should enhance lysis. A >40% increment of target cell lysis was achieved in three of eight clones studied. Since it is not equally shared by all CTL clones, this feature also appears to be clonally distributed.

Abatacept↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of different methods for assessing sympathovagal balance in chronic congestive heart failure secondary to coronary artery disease.

Twenty-five patients (aged 62 +/- 2 years) with stable, moderate to severe ischemic congestive heart failure (CHF) (New York Heart Association class II/III: 15/10; ejection fraction 21.6 +/- 2%; and peak oxygen uptake 13.6 +/- 0.7 ml/kg/min) were studied to evaluate the ability of different methods to characterize autonomic tone in chronic CHF. Sympathovagal balance was assessed by: (1) heart rate variability in the time domain, assessed by the SD of RR intervals; (2) heart rate variability in the frequency domain, assessed by low- (0.03 to 0.14 Hz) and high- (0.18 to 0.40 Hz) frequency components of heart rate variability by autoregressive power spectral analysis; (3) 24-hour, daytime and nighttime heart rate; (4) submaximal heart rate during upright bicycle exercise, with respiratory gas analysis to obtain peak oxygen uptake; and (5) radiolabeled norepinephrine spillover. These methods did not correlate, with the exception of day and nighttime heart rate (r = 0.74; p < 0.001) and the expected inverse correlation between low and high frequency (r = -0.92; p < 0.001). No method correlated significantly with peak oxygen uptake, exercise tolerance or ejection fraction. After 8 weeks of physical training at home, all methods showed improvement in autonomic balance: increases in SD of RR intervals (+21%; p < 0.02) and high frequency (+41%; p < 0.007), and decreases in low frequency (-19%; p < 0.002), low-/high-frequency ratio (-48%; p < 0.03), norepinephrine spillover (-28.9%; p < 0.03), 24-hour heart rate (-2.7%; p < 0.005) and submaximal heart rate (-10.8%; p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autonomic Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of functional capacity after stroke as a basis for active intervention. Presentation of a modified chart for motor capacity assessment and its reliability.

For patients with cerebrovascular disease a chart for motor capacity assessment modified after that of Fugl-Meyer et al. has been developed. The chart comprises assessment of the ability to perform active movements and rapid movement changes, mobility, balance, sensation, joint pain and passive range of motion. Both the paretic and the non-paretic sides are evaluated. An internal consistency reliability test was performed, using the standardized item alpha coefficient calculated from the values of 231 patients with stroke on admission. The coefficients were between 0.84 and 0.99 for all the different parts of the chart, except for pain, for which they were somewhat lower. This confirms that the chart and its different parts have high homogeneity and that the test situations were adequate. Bilateral evaluation provides important information on the functional ability, especially when the "non-paretic" side is also impaired.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Chronic exposure to anesthetic gases affects balance control in operating room personnel.

Exposure to anesthetic gases is known to alter certain structures and functions of the central nervous system. As the effects of long-term exposure on balance control mechanisms have been the subject of few investigations, these were evaluated in 53 operating room personnel exposed to anesthetic gases and in 53 non-exposed individuals. Balance control was assessed by static and dynamic posturography. Exposed workers had the worst static and dynamic postural performances, particularly in the eyes closed condition, suggesting increased dependency on vision and decreased use of proprioception. This poorer ability to modify the weight and to switch the different cues controlling balance suggests central information processing disorders. By impairing information and its central integration, exposure to anesthetics gases leads to inappropriate organization of sensorimotor stabilization strategies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining the balance of risk and benefit in the era of genomics and proteomics.

The ability to measure the function of genes and proteins has spawned the construct of personalized medicine, in which patients' own risks and preferences are used to choose diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The complexity of clinical data required to guide personalized medicine calls for improvements in our system of clinical research, including (1) overhauling it to produce networks that can do adequate-size pragmatic trials; (2) synchronization of regulatory and payment systems to encourage adequate studies; and (3) an investment in education of providers and patients to improve the understanding of the probabilistic predictions forming the basis of personalized medicine.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Kidney concentrating ability of a subterranean xeric rodent, the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber).

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a strictly subterranean mammal inhabiting the arid zones of north-east Africa. These animals have no access to free water and water balance thus might be facilitated by regulating renal water loss. The urinary concentrating ability of the naked mole-rat was determined using five dietary manipulations in which both water and salt content were altered. "Control" animals (n = 7) received a high quality protein cereal mixed to a thin paste with water (1 g cereal: 8.5 g water). Water stress was induced by reducing the water content of the diet by either 50% (n = 7) or 65% (n = 7). Salt loading was facilitated by replacing the water with the same volume of either 0.9% salt (n = 7) or 3.0% salt (n = 4) solutions. Changes in body mass, food consumption and urine volume were measured daily. The effect of diet on osmolality and electrolyte concentrations of urine and plasma were determined on termination of the diet trials. Although energy intake was not reduced, naked mole-rats lost body weight with both water stress treatments. Urine volume voided per day decreased significantly with both water stress treatments (P < 0.05), such that the most extreme water stress led to an 80% reduction in urine volume. Mildly salt-loaded animals gained weight, yet underwent a sodium diuresis, as indicated by a 1.3-fold increase in the daily volume of urine voided (P < 0.05). Maximum urine concentration (1521 +/- 250 mmol.kg-1) was achieved with mild water stress and was 4.6 +/- 0.9 times that of plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal function studies after donor nephrectomy.

The remaining kidney undergoes compensatory hypertrophy after donor nephrectomy. Studies have shown that immediate increases of renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) take place. No studies of tubular functions in kidney donors have previously been published. Nine elderly kidney donors with a mean age of 55 years (range 48-71 years) underwent the following studies before and 6 and 12 months after nephrectomy: GFR, RPF, maximal tubular secretion of para-aminohippurate (TmPAH), net acid excretion after 3 days of ammonium chloride loading and test of the urinary concentration ability. RPFP and GFR decreased postoperatively to a mean of 61 and 63.5 per cent respectively, with a rise of the filtration fraction (FF). TmPAH decreased considerably less, to 76 per cent 6 months postoperatively and 86 per cent 12 months postoperatively. The TmPAH/GFR ratio changed from 0.77 to 0.95 and 0.99 postoperatively. The excretion of acid was slightly reduced concerning the NH4+-excretion but the values for H+-excretion and urinary pH were unchanged. The remaining kidney after donor nephrectomy shows the well-known increases in RPF and GFR. Energy-dependent proximal tubular functions such as TmPAH increase even more, indicating an altered glomerulotubular balance. Distal tubular function such as acidification and urinary concentration ability are essentially unchanged.

Aged↗