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PubMed2005

Dental magnification: a clear view of the present and a close-up view of the future.

The dental operating microscope (DOM) is revolutionizing dentistry like no other technology. It has evolved from a humble beginning as a pure observation tool into today's most important standard-setting technology. The high quality magnification and illumination that the DOM provides is currently used for observation, treatment, diagnosis, documentation, image management, replication, and education. Three-dimensional microscopy systems are currently being developed and used, and hold great promise for future advances.

Audiovisual Aids↗

PubMed2005

Sports massage. A comprehensive review.

The science of sports massage is of interest to many populations including athletes, athletic trainers, coaches, as well as sports physiologists. While evidence to support or refute the effects of massage on sports performance is insufficient to make definitive statements, new reports and trends within data help formulate an understanding of sports massage. This article will review sports massage research on topics including lactate clearance, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), muscle fatigue, the psychological effect of massage, and injury prevention and treatment. Articles referenced in Medline, Cochrane Database, the authors library, and references from articles are included in this review. Most studies contain methodological limitations including inadequate therapist training, insufficient duration of treatment, few subjects, or over or under working of muscles that limit a practical conclusion. Muscle soreness associated with DOMS is reduced with massage, although whether force recovers more quickly is still unclear. The research literature to date is insufficient to conclude whether massage facilitates recovery from a fatiguing effort. Both tissue healing and a psychological effect of massage are areas that may prove promising with further research. Results from published literature support a positive trend for massage to benefit athletic recovery and performance; a need for further research into sports massage, especially well-designed studies utilizing therapists specifically trained to administer this type of therapy, is warranted.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

[Study the characteristics of dissolved organic matter and turbidity of water using laser induced fluorescence and laser scattering].

In the experiment a frequency doubled radiation of Nd:YAG laser was used for excitation at 532 nm. The fluorescence spectra of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in several types of water samples with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements using a 532 nm wavelength excitation source were measured in the laboratory, and the spectral characteristics of DOM and Chl-a were analysed. The characteristics of turbidity were investigated by measuring the amount of scattering light of suspended particles in the water volume. The curve of scattering intensity against corresponding turbidity of SiO2 is showed. The possibilities of water quality monitoring based upon the fluorescence spectral characteristics of contaminations and the turbidity by means of LIF method.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed1992

The effects of ice massage, ice massage with exercise, and exercise on the prevention and treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness.

We investigated the effects of ice massage, ice massage with exercise, and exercise on the prevention and treatment of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Twenty-two subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Preexercise measures were recorded for range of motion (ROM), strength, perceived soreness, and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels. Subjects performed up to 300 concentric/eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors with 90% of their 10 repetition maximum to induce muscle soreness. Dependent variables were assessed at 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours postexercise. Significant differences occurred in all variables with respect to time (ANOVA(p<.05)). However, no significant mode of treatment, or mode of treatment/assessment time interaction was present. Decreases in range of motion and flexion strength correspond with increases in perceived soreness. The nonsignificant mode of treatment/assessment time interaction suggests that the use of ice massage, ice massage with exercise, or exercise alone is not effective in significantly reducing the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. In fact, though not statistically significant, the pattern of the data suggested the use of ice in the treatment of DOMS may be contraindicated. Further investigation is recommended.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1997

The effects of high-volt pulsed current electrical stimulation on delayed-onset muscle soreness.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated three 30-minute high-volt pulsed current electrical stimulation (HVPC) treatments of 125 pps to reduce pain, restore range of motion (ROM), and recover strength loss associated with delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, masked comparison of three 30-minute treatment and sham HVPC regimens over a 48-hour period. SUBJECTS: Twenty-eight college students. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects performed concentric and eccentric knee extensions with the right leg to induce muscle soreness. Assessments were made before and after the exercise bout and each treatment at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. RESULTS: Three separate 2 x 3 x 2 ANOVAs were used to determine significant differences (p < .05) between days, treatments, and pre-post treatment effects and significant interaction among these variables. Scheffe post hoc tests showed no significant reduction in pain perception or improvement in loss of function at 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. Mean pain perception assessments (0 = no pain, 10 = severe pain) for the HVPC group were 2.9, 4.5, and 3.5 and for the sham group 3.8, 4.8, and 3.5). Mean ROM losses for the HVPC group were 9.0 degrees , 22.3 degrees , and 26.2 degrees , and for the sham group were 9.5 degrees , 23.1 degrees , and 23.0 degrees . Mean strength losses (1RM) for the HVPC group were 25.9, 25.7, and 20.8 lbs and for the sham group were 22.3, 22.3, and 13.8 lbs. CONCLUSIONS: HVPC as we studied it was ineffective in providing lasting pain reduction and at reducing ROM and strength losses associated with DOMS.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Fate and partitioning of selected pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment.

Two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen and acetaminophen, a beta-blocker atenolol, and an antidepressant fluoxetine were selected, and their sorption coefficients (Koc values) on the basis of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and model sediments were determined. The highest values were found for fluoxetine for both DOM and sediments, followed by atenolol or ibuprofen. These Koc values were comparable to those of pyrene and 17beta-estradiol, a nonpolar four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a polar natural estrogen, respectively. For these four pharmaceuticals, partition coefficients between synthetic membrane vesicles (liposomes) and water (Klipw values), and removal efficiencies for a simple batch activated sludge treatment were also determined. The highest Klipw values were again found for fluoxetine followed by atenolol. The removal efficiency for a 6-hour batch activated sludge treatment was over 90% for the two NSAIDs whereas that for atenolol was as low as 10%; both agreed with the results obtained in conventional studies, which showed the concentration in the influent and effluent of sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency for fluoxetine was also over 90%, but it was sorbed by sludge and not biodegraded.

Liposomes↗

PubMed2006

[Analysis of the characters of organic matter in water using spectral fluorescence signature and fitting Gaussian].

A sort of analytical method of fast diagnosis of organic matter in water is discussed. The total luminescence spectra (TLS) of water samples in combination with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements using 532 nm wavelength excitation source were measured in the laboratory. The spectra of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) were pointed out and obtained with spectral fluorescence signature (SFS) technique. The spectrum of water Raman scattering and fluorescence of DOM and Chl a were separated from TLS with fiting Gaussian of the least squares method, and a high correlation coefficient excelling 0.996 4 was obtained. The results indicated the possibilities of water quality monitoring in real time and on line based upon SFS technique and fitting Gaussian of the least squares method.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A method of determining the levels of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and its metabolites].

A method has been developed for assay of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its metabolite desepoxideoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in animal excrements with the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection (218 nm). The method includes purification in the mini-column with activated carbon and aluminium oxide. The detection limit was 50 ng/g, relative standard deviation--0.05-0.1, the degree of toxin isolation--76-89%. DON isolated from Fusarium macroceras, strain 579a, cultivated in rice under laboratory conditions, and DOM-1 obtained as a result of DON incubation with the contents of the beef first stomach, were used in the study. The structure of toxins isolated has been proved by the mass-spectrometry method. The method developed by the authors was used in the study of DON metabolism in vivo in monkeys.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic control over the determination and proliferation of melanocyte stem cells in mammals].

Data obtained in mutant mouse strains provide evidence for multilocus control of determination and proliferation of melanocyte stem cells. Mice are known to have five loci (mi, Sp, s, Ls, Dom) controlling melanoblast determination. Locus mi is expressed in pluripotent cells of the neural crest from which melanocyte and neuron clones are formed; it is also expressed in a strain of ectomesenchyme cells. Loci Sp, s, ls and Dom are expressed somewhat later, probably during one of the last quantal cell cycles leading to the determination of unipotent melanocyte stem cells. Mutant genes of these loci impair the development of pigment cells as well as of ganglial neurons. Three loci (W, vs, Sl) control the proliferation of melanocyte stem cells. Mutations of locus W present in a single copy inhibit the proliferative activity of melanoblasts, whereas when present at the double dose they completely block their proliferation. Locus Sl is not expressed in melanocytes but acts in another cell system, which is very important for the proliferation of melanocyte stem cells. Mutant genes Ga, si and vit decrease the lifespan of stem cells for epidermal melanocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Hyperprolactinemia in chronic renal insufficiency: an interesting model of hypothalamo-hypophyseal dysfunction].

It is note that hyperprolactinemia is frequently associated to chronic renal failure (CRF). The etiopathogenesis of this endocrine disorder is not clearly understood, trying to evaluate the possible hypothalamic-pituitary cause we have evaluated the Prl levels under some pharmacological tests: TRH (200 mcg i.v.),Domperidone (DOM)(10 mg i.v.),Nomifensine (NOM)(200 mg p.o.)and Bromocriptine (BRC)(2.5 mg p.o.) in 3 groups of patients: CRF(8 cases), dysfunctional (8 cases) and tumoral (9 cases) hyperPrl. Prl plasma levels have been evaluated by RIA (kits,Biodata,Roma). In patients affected by CRF either direct (BRC) than indirect (NOM) agonist acting dopaminergic drugs failed to induce a reduction in Prl plasma levels, like to tumoral patients for NOM, and in contrast to the significant decrease after BRC (-70%) in tumoral and (-74%) in dysfunctional and NOM (-50%) observed in dysfunctional patients. CRF and dysfunctional patients showed significant response to TRH and DOM, being prolactinoma bearing patients unresponsive to these tests. These results show an hyporesponsivity of pituitary Prl secreting cells to dopaminergic control suggesting the existence of central etiopathological factor in inducing hyperprolactinemia in CRF patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Interactions of catecholaminergic receptor blockers with lethal doses of amphetamine or substituted amphetamines in mice.

Lethality to both isolated and aggregated mice was determined for graded i.p. doses of d-amphetamine, dl-4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), dl-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), dl-2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB), dl-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and d1-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). Haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg), propranolol (10 mg/kg) and phenoxybenzamine (30 mg/kg) were tested for ability to antagonize the lethal effects of amphetamine and its derivatives. Considerable protection against amphetamine lethality was produced by haloperidol in both isolated and aggregated mice and by phenoxybenzamine in isolated mice, but propranolol was ineffective. An equivalent degree of protection was not achieved by use of any of the three agents before PMA, DMA or DOB. Protection against DOM was achieved only with phenoxybenzamine and only for isolated mice. Extensive protection against MDA was supplied by both phenoxybenzamine and propranolol for either condition of housing. Despite close structural relationships between the toxicants, the antidotal effectiveness of the receptor-blocking agents seemed quite limited and specific, and did not support any generalizations.

Amphetamines↗

PubMed1982

[Indirect dopamine agonists and direct dopamine antagonists in the diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia].

Seventeen hyperprolactinemic patients aged from 24 to 58 years, with suspected pituitary adenoma, were studied. For diagnostic purposes, NOM and DOM tests were carried out, and also hypocycloidal tomography of the sella. In all cases in which the DOM test suggested the existence of a prolactinoma, the NOM test gave results in agreement with the former, except in one case. Hypocloidal tomography, although confirming the possibility of false negative (2 cases out of 17) or false positive results (1 case out of 17), demonstrated its diagnostic validity, although it was less sensitive than the biological tests.

Adenoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The stimulation of reparative regeneration with demineralized bone matrix in puncture osteoplasty operations for bone cysts in children].

The authors present the data on positive influence of demineralized osteomatrix (DOM) on the osteogenesis in the experimental conditions. On the basis of data received the method of puncture osteoplastic operation with DOM application was developed. Puncture method was applied in 38 children. In 6 months 31 children cyst were liquidated, osteoarchitectonics was reduced, in 7 children rough trabecular picture remains.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Localization of endogenous developmental stages of Cryptosporidium meleagridis Slavin, 1955 (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in birds].

Localization of endogenous developmental stages of C. meleagridis was studied on the basis of observation of 4734 preparations from individual parts (in the distance of approx. 5 cm) of the small intestine, caeca (collum caeci, corpus, apex caeci), colon, cloaca, bursa of Fabricius, respiratory organs (sinus infraorbitalis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, air sacs) using the method of scraping mucous epithelium stained according to Giemsa after fixation with methanol (as well as histologically) from 155 naturally infected 9-66 day turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo f. dom.) in four large flocks in Central Bohemia, ten 46 and 47 day chicks (Gallus gallus f. dom.) and 1-3 day chicks infected experimentally. The protozoon was detected in various stages of its development in the microvilli of the small intestine of chicks 23-39 days old in the portion of 40-80 cm from the end of the duodenum. On day 5 after infection, asexual stages were found in experimentally infected chickens as near as in 8-12 cm. All forms of endogenous developmental stages including oocysts occurred usually massively in approx. 10 cm from the site of bifurcation of the caeca (plica ileocaecalis) in the ileum and in the collum caeci. The infection was prominently less intensive in the case of mucous epithelium of the colon, in the cloaca only meronts occurred very sporadically showing various developmental stages. The findings in the bursa of Fabricius and in the organs of respiratory tract were negative. In a total of 129 turkeys examined post mortem on three farms C. meleagridis were observed, endogenous developmental stages of the protozoon were found in 55 (42.6%) cases. Asexual stages (meronts in different stages of development) were observed sporadically for the first time in 23 days old birds. Maximum of infected turkeys in which all developmental stages of C. meleagridis were localized above all in the ileum and collum caeci were 30-39 days old (out of the total number of 60 dead birds examined the infection occurred in 30, i.e. in 63.3%). C. meleagridis was found in nine out of 10 dead 46- and 47-day chicks on two farms and in five out of 98 dead 14-49 day chicks, in four out of 10 pullets 7-9 months old and in one out of 22 dead parrots (Cacatua molucensis) sent for routine examination to the State Veterinary Institute in Prague from different parts of Central Bohemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation: a review.

Unaccustomed exercise may result in significant damage to skeletal muscle and cause delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in both recreational and elite athletes. Two basic mechanisms-'metabolic' and 'mechanical' stress--have been proposed to explain how exercise initiates damage to skeletal muscle fibres. The extent of damage, particularly after eccentrically-biased exercise, has been assessed by histological and ultrastructural examination, and the measurement of the efflux of cytosolic enzymes into the circulation. The role of reactive oxygen species in the mediation of exercise-induced oxidative damage to muscle and the protection offered by anti-oxidant defence systems have been well studied. Free radical generation is normally estimated by indirect methods such as chemiluminescence, spectrophotometry, flow cytometry, or the measurement of products of lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Although several theories have been proposed to account for the DOMS phenomenon, the underlying mechanisms are still to be elucidated. A group of proteins known collectively as cytokines regulate inflammatory and immunological processes involved in the repair of damaged tissue.

Cytokines↗

PubMed1996

[Epidemiology of fetal deaths in the Seine-Saint-Denis perinatal survey].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics of antepartum stillbirths. DESIGN: A population based cases-cohort study in a limited geographical area, the department of Seine-Saint-Denis, France. Prospective collection of cases and controls between the 1989-10-01 and 1992-09-30, and retrospective collection of data. SUBJECTS: All antepartum stillbirths of 28 weeks gestation of greater, except lethal malformations and multiple pregnancies. RESULTS: 273 antepartum stillbirths were collected during the 3-year study period (52, 2% of the perinatal deaths). The causes were mainly, abruptio placenta and cordonal causes; however, unexplained antepartum stillbirth was the most important group (38, 8%). Hypotrophy was present for 49.5% of cases versus 10.1% of controls (p < 0.001). It was associated with death whatever cause or gestational age, particularly in unexplained antepartum death (54.7%). In univariate analysis, the usual risk factors including obstetrical history, socio-economic characteristics, obstetric care and country of birth were associated with death. But, in multivariate analysis, only "no pregnancy déclaration", "deficient obstetric care", "history of stillbirth", "born in Black Africa" and "born in DOM-TOM" were significantly associated with death. CONCLUSION: More than one half of perinatal deaths concern antepartum stillbirth; the causes have remained unchanged for twenty years and unexplained antepartum stillbirth remains the most important group. The principal risk factor is fetal hypotrophy. The other significant risk factors after multivariate analysis are deficient obstetric care and birth in Black Africa or in the DOM-TOM. To propose prevention actions, progress is necessary in in utero diagnostic of hypotrophy and in the understanding in the risk associated with country of origin.

Abruptio Placentae↗

PubMed1996

[Hepatitis A virus immune status of Antilles military personnel: incidence after prophylaxis].

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the value of systematic vaccination of recruits from French overseas departments and territories (DOM-TOM) against hepatitis A. Between July 1994 and May 1995 tests to defect anti-HVA antibodies were performed on all new recruits from the French West Indies (Guadeloupe and Martinique). Of the 1685 subjects tested 346 presented type IgG anti-HVA antibodies, i.e. 20.5% overall. Seroprevalence increased from 4% in 18 year-olds to 35% in 25 year-olds and was significantly higher in recruits from Gaudeloupe (26.7%) than from Martinique (15.6%) (p < 0.001). The overall seroprevalence rate was similar to the rate observed in young recruits from mainland France in 1990. These findings indicate that hepatitis A has decreased in the French West Indies in agreement with improvements with sanitary and housing conditions. This study also supports vaccination of recruits from DOM-TOM against hepatitis A after control of their immune status.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Radioligand binding evidence implicates the brain 5-HT2 receptor as a site of action for LSD and phenylisopropylamine hallucinogens.

Alterations in brain serotonergic function have been implicated in the mechanism of action of LSD, mescaline, and other similarly acting hallucinogenic drugs of abuse such as STP (2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine; DOM). In order to test the hypothesis that the mechanism of action of LSD and phenylisopropylamine hallucinogens is through stimulation of a specific brain serotonin receptor sub-type, the affinities of these compounds for radiolabelled 5-HT2, 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1C receptors have been determined using recently developed in vitro radioligand binding methodologies. The 5-HT2 receptor was labelled with the agonist/hallucinogen radioligand 3H-DOB (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine). The 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1C receptors were labelled with 3H-OH-DPAT, 3H-5-HT, and 3H-mesulergine, respectively. In general, the phenylisopropylamines displayed 10-100 fold higher affinities for the 5-HT2 receptor than for the 5-HT1C receptor and 100-1000 fold higher affinities for the 5-HT2 receptor than for the 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptor. There was a strong correlation between hallucinogenic potencies and 5-HT2 receptor affinities of the phenylisopropylamines (r = 0.90); the correlation coefficients for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1C were 0.73, 0.85, and 0.78, respectively. Because there is no evidence that 5-HT1A-selective or 5-HT1B-selective agonists are hallucinogenic and because the phenylisopropylamines are potent hallucinogens, a 5-HT2 receptor interaction is implicated and supports our previous suggestions to this effect. A secondary role for 5-HT1C receptors cannot be discounted at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗