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PubMed1976

Gluconeogenic response to mannoheptulose in the rat.

Since administration of mannoheptulose induces temporary hyperglycemia, the present study was conducted to elucidate this phenomenon. The results indicate that mannoheptulose stimulates the activity of hepatic fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and enhances incorporation of alanine into blood glucose and hepatic glycogen. In addition, mannoheptulose increases plasma levels of glucagon and hepatic cyclic AMP concentration. Gluconeogenic effects of mannoheptulose appear to be mediated by glucagon.

Alanine↗
PubMed1975

Structures of singly branched heptaoses produced by bacterial liquefying alpha-amylase.

1. A singly branched heptaose produced as a limit dextrin in the digest of beta-limit dextrin with liquefying alpha-amylase [EC 3.2.1.1] of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated in a paper chromatographically pure state. 2. Analysis using several enzymes revealed that the isolated branched dextrin was a mixture of six singly branched heptaoses with different ramifying points. 3. All the branched heptaoses contained a 62-alpha-maltosylmaltotriose moiety in their molecules, differing only in the mode of attachment of one maltose or two glucose residues by alpha-1,4-glucosidic bonds from this core dextrin. 4. The formation of various singly branched heptaoses (the present paper) and hexaoses (the previous paper) is discussed regarding the attack site specificity of the enzyme on beta-limit dextrin.

Amylases↗
PubMed1978

Scintigraphy in pediatric urinary tract lymphoma.

Excretory urography is the standard examination used to evaluate structural abnormalities of the urinary tract in children. However, renal imaging offers advantages over excretory urography in the functional evaluation and in certain morphologic patterns of lymphoma.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Evidence for shorter average O-polysaccharide chainlength in the lipopolysaccharide of a bacteriophage Felix 01-sensitive variant of Salmonella anatum A1.

Prolonged culturing in the laboratory has resulted in the formation of a stable derivative of the smooth Group E bacterial strain, Salmonella anatum A1, that is sensitive to both the R-core-specific bacteriophage Felix 01 and O-polysaccharide-specific bacteriophage epsilon 15. The variant strain, designated S. anatum A1-1, exhibits a normal number of irreversible binding sites for epsilon 15 but the relative quality and/or accessibility of those sites appears to be diminished. Infectious epsilon 15 phage particles are released more rapidly from S. anatum A1-1 than from its parent under acidic pH conditions known to interfere with the phage DNA ejection step. The purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of S. anatum A1-1 exhibits a reduced rhamnose/heptose ratio in chemical assays. Fractionation of this LPS on SDS-urea-polyacrylamide gels followed by silver staining reveals a narrower range of O-polysaccharide chain lengths relative to that of the parent (0 to 20 vs. 0 to 40 repeating units, respectively).

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of lipopolysaccharide from the walls of Micropolyspora faeni: chemical composition and serological reactivity.

Extraction of mycelium or walls of Micropolyspora faeni with cold or hot aqueous phenol yielded a lipopolysaccharide consisting of lipid A, phosphate, galactose, arabinose, glucose, glucosamine, and a dideoxy sugar. Extraction with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) yielded an incomplete molecule lacking lipid A. Part of an O-chain was secreted into the culture medium. Phenol and TCA extracts gave three lines of precipitation with human serum from cases of farmer's lung disease, and one of these was given by the culture medium polysaccharide. Serologically-reactive sugars were arabinose, galactose and glucose. The lipopolysaccharide fixed on to red cells which agglutinated in the presence of specific antibody and lysed on the addition of complement. The lipopolysaccharide appeared to elicit mainly IgM antibodies in animals, but IgM and IgG antibodies in humans.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1975

Mutations in Salmonella typhimurium conferring resistance to Felix O phage without loss of smooth character.

Several mutants obtained from smooth Salmonella typhimurium strains by selection for resistance to Felix O (FO) phage [whose receptor site includes the N-acetylglucosamine branch of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core] were smooth in cultural properties, antigenic character and phage sensitivity pattern (except for their FO resistance). However, the affected genes of several such 'FOR' (FO-resistant) mutants were shown by transduction of map in the short cysE-pyrE segment, which includes nearly all known rfa genes responsible for synthesis of LPS core. All of seven FOR mutants differed from their parents, and resembled rfa mutants with defects in the deeper part of the LPS core, by increased sensitivity to various antibiotics. One FOR mutant was non-virulent (LD50 greater than 10-7, compared with smaller than 100 for its parent); LT7 derivatives given this FOR gene by co-transduction with cysE+ were likewise non-virulent. It is inferred that FOR mutations affect the assembly of the inner part of the LPS core, perhaps causing incomplete blocks in glycosyl transferase reactions.

Acetylglucosamine↗