Policy and partnership for health promotion--addressing the determinants of health.
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Global Health↗
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Results for “Health Promotion”
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Preventive oral health care and health promotion provided for children and adolescents by the Municipal Dental Health Service in Denmark.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current organization of health promoting and preventive activities within the Danish Municipal Dental Health Service and to assess how the service has chosen to comply with the directives as formulated by the National Board of Health. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of the municipal dental health services was carried out on a national scale. Postal questionnaires were used to collect information on active and passive preventive care activities and community-orientated health promotion. SETTING: The survey was conducted to aid the reorientation and adjustment of the Municipal Dental Health Services in Denmark. SUBJECTS: All municipal dental health services in Denmark were considered relevant for the survey and 141 services (71%) responded to the questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES: Quantitative methods were used to measure recall-intervals for children and adolescents, passive and active prevention, identification of and care for individuals at risk, and health education. Qualitative methods were applied to record the organization of community health activities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The majority of dental services stated that preschool children are called at regular intervals (every 3, 6 or 8 months); school-children and adolescents are most often recalled according to individual needs. Chairside assistants, dentists or dental hygienists give oral hygiene instructions systematically to children of grades 0 through to 3. Fluoride is frequently administered through topical application by dentists; fluoride tables are not used. Permanent molars are sealed when this is indicated. Clinical and socio-behavioural criteria are used to identify children at risk. Half of the services reported school-based health education, and in one-quarter of the municipalities community health activities took place. Adjustment of the services should consider population-directed activities and greater use of ancillary personnel.
Adolescent↗
A preliminary examination of organizational capacity for heart health promotion in Alberta's regional health authorities.
The province of Alberta is located in western Canada, bordering the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains (see O'Loughlin et al., Figure 1). The population of 2.7 million is mostly located in two cities (Calgary and Edmonton) with the balance dispersed in smaller rural centres throughout the province. Principal industries include agriculture, forestry, telecommunications, oil and gas. These industries have helped create a strong provincial economy.
Alberta↗
[Administrative measures for diabetes mellitus control by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare--national health promotion in the 21st century 'Health Japan 21'].
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Diabetes Mellitus↗
Mental health promotion among American Indian children.
Programs designed to promote mental health of the children of the Navajo Indian Tribe bear priority status. 1. Among these programs are the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, a psychological and physical assessment of the neonate. It is designed to enhance bonding as well as identify and treat neonates affected by intrauterine alcohol or other drug use of the mother during pregnancy. 2. Description of a Fetal Alcohol Syndrome project enabling over 90% of those enrolled to refrain from using alcohol during their pregnancies. Many alcohol counsellors are employed for the entire Reservation. 3. Outreach to day and boarding school aids in many ways, including suicide prevention. 4. Use of knowledge and respect for patients' culture as vital to the treatment process. 5. "Back to Native values" program, involving using not only families but clans in the treatment of problems of children, including sexual or physical abuse and violence. This provides another treatment dimension, while enhancing the self-esteem of the Native people. 6. The social work, substance abuse and mental health programs have been combined into one department named "Place of Healing", a Navajo term.
Child↗
Menopause. Health promotion opportunities for the occupational health nurse.
1. All women must prepare for their future health as much as they prepare for their future career goals in life. Probably of greatest importance is that this preparation for a continuous state of good health never ends. 2. Not long ago, menopause was considered a short term physiologic event in a woman's life. Now the health care community realizes the short sightedness of this idea, as the effects of estrogen deficiency that begin prior to menopause are lifelong and diverse. 3. One of the most critical health problems facing America today is osteoporosis, a disease causing bones to become thin, fragile, and highly prone to fractures. 4. Prior to menopause, the death and disability rates related to cardiovascular disease in women are relatively low, whereas after menopause, the rates increase sharply. One in 10 American women 45 to 64 years of age have some form of heart disease. Cardiovascular disease kills more women than all forms of cancer combined.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy↗
The planning, development, and implementation of a work-site health promotion program: a case study.
A voluntary health promotion program was introduced at an academic institution with 665 employees. The 239 employees who volunteered to participate in a health risk appraisal were significantly younger and more likely to be female than were nonparticipants. The prevalence rates of the major coronary heart disease risk factors in the participants were as follows: hypercholesterolemia, 25.5%; elevated blood pressure, 15.5%; and current cigarette smoker, 15.1%. In addition, many participants daily consumed food high in cholesterol or fat (54.2%), were obese (44.8%), and led sedentary lifestyles (28.5%). Although a majority of female participants had received physician/nurse breast examinations and had Papanicolaou smears taken during the previous year, only about half this number performed monthly breast self-examinations. A telephone survey of employees revealed the most desired health promotion program components to be stress reduction, nutrition counseling, exercise fitness, and weight reduction. The program is now being monitored for health benefits and program costs.
Adult↗
Checklist of Health Promotion Environments at Worksites (CHEW): development and measurement characteristics.
PURPOSE: Health promotion policy frameworks, recent theorizing, and research all emphasize understanding and mobilizing environmental influences to change particular health-related behaviors in specific settings. The workplace is a key environmental setting. The Checklist of Health Promotion Environments at Worksites (CHEW) was designed as a direct observation instrument to assess characteristics of worksite environments that are known to influence health-related behaviors. METHODS: The CHEW is a 112-item checklist of workplace environmental features hypothesized to be associated, both positively and negatively, with physical activity, healthy eating, alcohol consumption, and smoking. The three environmental domains assessed are (1) physical characteristics of the worksite, (2) features of the information environment, and (3) characteristics of the immediate neighborhood around the workplace. The conceptual rationale and development studies for the CHEW are described, and data from observational studies of 20 worksites are reported. RESULTS: The data on CHEW-derived environmental attributes showed generally good reliability and identified meaningful sets of variables that plausibly may influence health-related behaviors. With the exception of one information environment attribute, intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. Descriptive statistics on selected physical and information environment characteristics indicated that vending machines, showers, bulletin boards, and signs prohibiting smoking were common across worksites. Bicycle racks, visible stairways, and signs related to alcohol consumption, nutrition, and health promotion were relatively uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: These findings illustrate the types of data on environmental attributes that can be derived, their relevance for program planning, and how they can characterize variability across worksites. The CHEW is a promising observational measure that has the potential to assess environmental influences on health behaviors and to evaluate workplace health promotion programs.
Health Behavior↗
Evaluating health promotion: a model for nursing practice.
AIMS: To investigate the place and validity of effective process in evaluating health promotion practice in nursing and, in doing so, develop a specific model for this purpose. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: The failure of many nurses to provide successful health promotional programmes is underpinned by a distinct lack of evaluation research activity. Without this type of activity, health-related nursing practice remains limited in its scope and nature. This article seeks to redress this situation by proposing a specific evaluation model that assists the nurse in their attempts to include evaluative research activity in future health promotion practice. METHOD: This article draws on existing literature to develop an evolving theoretical perspective for health promotion practice in nursing. The proposed model was developed from this perspective. CONCLUSION: Evaluation is an essential activity for any health promotion programme. Failure to include it in practice ensures that attempts to conduct health promotion are usually rendered ineffective and unsuccessful. Evaluation models are valuable tools that nurses can incorporate routinely into existing frameworks of practice, alongside other models of health education/health promotion, such as planning models. The development of this model is intended to enable nurses to review their current practice and offer a further framework for those who wish to extend their current health promotion repertoire.
Health Promotion↗
Health promotion and lay epidemiology: a sociological view.
In this paper two fears about health promotion are identified. The first concerns the ability to choose between proliferating expert advice, and the second concerns the fear of government interference in personal life. The paper goes on to outline the current place of health promotion in British health policy, and to discuss the relevance of recent research on health beliefs. The paper argues that work on 'lay epidemiology' has been overlooked by both critics and supporters of health promotion. From this vantage point the fears about health promotion can be seen to be exaggerated.
Attitude to Health↗
Development of measures of individual leadership for health promotion.
PURPOSE: This purpose of this research was to develop and establish psychometric properties of scales measuring individual leadership for health promotion. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Scales to measure leadership in health promotion were drafted based on capacity assessment instruments developed by other provinces involved in the Canadian Heart Health Initiative (CHHI), and on the literature. Content validity was established through a series of focus groups and expert opinion appraisals and pilot testing. Psychometric analyses provided empirical evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the leadership scales in the baseline survey (n = 144) of the Alberta Heart Health Project. FINDINGS: Principal component analysis verified the construct of the leadership scales of personal work-related practices and satisfaction with work-related practices. Each of the theoretically a prior determined scales factored into two scales each for a total of four final scales. Scale alpha coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) ranged between 0.71 and 0.78, thus establishing good scale internal consistencies. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Limitations include the relatively small sample size used in determining psychometric properties. In addition, further qualitative work would enhance understanding of the complexity of leadership in health organizations. These measures can be used by both researchers and practitioners for the assessment leadership for health promotion and to tailor interventions to increase leadership for health promotion in health organizations. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Establishing the psychometric properties and quality of leadership measures is an innovative step toward achieving capacity assessment instruments which facilitate evaluation of key relationships in developing health sector capacity for health promotion.
Canada↗
Smart Habit Xylitol campaign, a new approach in oral health promotion.
A national 'Smart Habit' Xylitol campaign was organised in Finland in autumn 1992. The aim of the campaign was to increase consumption of xylitol chewing gum in 13-year-old school children, to promote their oral health. The campaign was conducted in elementary schools in the form of a quiz and lesson related to xylitol. Seventh form children from schools in 12 local health authority areas in 10 provinces took part in the campaign. Six thousand seven hundred children were involved. Data were collected with a series of three separate postal questionnaires. The study group consisted of 1,281 children exposed to the campaign. A control group was formed from 1,227 children in the same provinces not exposed to it. Questionnaires were distributed before and after the campaign. A third one was sent out a month later. A high number of the children had consumed xylitol chewing gum even before the campaign. The majority of the respondents reported no changes in consumption of xylitol chewing gum after meals in the first two questionnaires. The results showed that the consumption of xylitol chewing gum after meals increased more in the group exposed to the campaign than in the control group (P = 0.002). Girls in the study group increased their consumption of xylitol chewing gum more than boys (P = 0.016). Also an increase in the daily use of xylitol chewing gum was achieved by the campaign; differences between the study and the control group being significant (P < 0.05). Even though there was knowledge about the beneficial properties of xylitol beforehand, an increase in knowledge was achieved by the campaign. There seems to be potential for positive oral health promotion by means of this type of xylitol campaign.
Adolescent↗
Implementation of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation's Community Health Promotion Grant Program: a process evaluation.
The Community Health Promotion Grants Program, sponsored by the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, represents a major health initiative that established 11 community health promotion projects. Successful implementation was characterized by several critical factors: (1) intervention activities; (2) community activation; (3) success in obtaining external funding; and (4) institutionalization. Analysis of the program was based on data from several sources: program reports, key informant surveys, and a community coalition survey. Results indicate that school-based programs focusing on adolescent health problems were the most successful in reaching the populations they were targeting. The majority of the programs were able to attract external funding, thereby adding to their initial resource base. The programs were less successful in generating health promotion activities and in achieving meaningful institutionalization in their communities.
Adolescent↗
Causal relationship between health promoting behavior and quality of life in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the causal relationships among age, education, family income, and stage of carcinoma, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, health promoting behavior and quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Pender's Health Promotion Model (1996) provided a guide for the conceptual framework of this study. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit 488 cervical cancer patients who were undergoing radiotherapy at seven public hospitals in five areas of Thailand. The instruments used in this study included a Personal Data Form, Cognitive perception Form, Health promoting behavior scale, the social support questionnaire and The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy General (FACT-G) form. The proposed model was tested and modified by the LISREL Program. The modified model adequately fitted with the data. The results demonstrate that health promoting behavior had a significant direct positive effect on quality of life (beta = 0.71, p < 0.01). Cognitive perceptual factors had a significant direct effect on health promoting behaviors (P = 0.69, p < 0.01). Social support had a significant direct effect on the cognitive perceptual factors (P = 0.64, p < 0.01), health promoting behavior (beta = 0.70, p < 0.01), and the quality of life (beta = 0.48, p < 0.01). Age and education did not have a significant total effect on the quality of life. Family income had a significant direct effect on cognitive perceptual factors (beta = 0.10, p < 0.05). The stage of cancer had a significant direct negative effect on cognitive perceptual factors (beta = -0.11, p < 0.05) and the quality of life (beta = -0.12, p < 0.01). The direct effect of the predictors on the quality of life indicated that cervical cancer patients with higher practice of health promoting behavior tended to have a higher quality of life. The findings indicate that Pender's Health Promotion Model is a useful guide for explaining and predicting the health promoting behavior and the quality of life of Thai cervical cancer patients who were undergoing radiotherapy. The significance of cognitive perceptual factors and social support confirm health promoting behavior as a goal directed towards the level of well being. This has implications for health care systems in planning interventions to promote health promoting behavior in a health promotion setting in cervical cancer patients for a better quality of life and healthy. A longitudinal study and experimental study are recommended for further study.
Adult↗
Eye health promotion and the prevention of blindness in developing countries: critical issues.
This review explores the role of health promotion in the prevention of avoidable blindness in developing countries. Using examples from eye health and other health topics from developing countries, the review demonstrates that effective eye health promotion involves a combination of three components: health education directed at behaviour change to increase adoption of prevention behaviours and uptake of services; improvements in health services such as the strengthening of patient education and increased accessibility and acceptability; and advocacy for improved political support for blindness prevention policies. Current eye health promotion activities can benefit by drawing on experiences gained by health promotion activities in other health topics especially on the use of social research and behavioural models to understand factors determining health decision making and the appropriate choice of methods and settings. The challenge ahead is to put into practice what we know does work. An expansion of advocacy-the third and most undeveloped component of health promotion-is essential to convince governments to channel increased resources to eye health promotion and the goals of Vision 2020.
Blindness↗
The contribution of health promotion to community children's nursing.
This article discusses the range of current thinking on health promotion with special reference to community children's nursing. The scene is set with the identification of a number of issues currently at the heart of the promotion of health in children and young people. Emphasis is placed on the unprecedented expansion of interest in the promotion of children's health in Northern Ireland. Current meanings attributed to health promotion are discussed and applied to the practice of community children's nursing. Some of the contentious elements of these definitions and meanings are debated. For example, the distinct meanings of health and well-being in children are discussed and the issue of whether health promotion should be aimed at individual children, their families, or their communities is pondered. Prevention, it is argued, is one particularly important component of the promotion of health in children in the community in Northern Ireland.
Child↗
Do health service organizations and community health centres have higher disease prevention and health promotion levels than fee-for-service practices?
We interviewed health care providers representing 23 fee-for-service (FFS) practices, 19 health service organizations (HSOs) and 11 community health centres (CHCs) in Ontario to compare self-reported approaches to disease prevention and health promotion. Few significant differences were found across practice types in the presence of recall systems for screening or in knowledge of, compliance with or estimated coverage for selected preventive maneuvers recommended by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. CHCs reported a significantly greater variety of formal health promotion programs and a greater tendency to use nonphysician health care personnel to carry out both prevention and health promotion activities. The results must be interpreted with caution because of the use of self-reported data, the low response rate for FFS practices and the use of a restrictive definition of disease prevention tied to evidence from the reports of the task force. Thus, the results cast some doubt on the common assumption that increasing the population served by alternative modes of delivery such as HSOs and CHCs necessarily increases the level of disease prevention and health promotion activity.
Aged↗
In Nigerian communities. Health promotion through the primary school health programme.
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Adolescent↗