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Results for “INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE”

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PubMed1987

Postural response of intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma following trabeculectomy.

Forty-six eyes with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) and 24 eyes which had previously undergone trabeculectomy for COAG were studied and the postural response of the intraocular pressure compared with that of 70 normal eyes. In all three groups the greatest rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) occurred when the subject changed from the sitting to the lying position. In the control group this was never more than 2 mmHg in any subject. The rise was greater than 2 mmHg in 93% of the patients suffering from COAG who were treated medically and in 100% of the eyes of those on which trabeculectomy had been performed. The well recognised abnormal postural response of intraocular pressure in COAG appears both to be retained and to be unaffected in those eyes which have undergone trabeculectomy.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

Raised intraocular pressure with topical steroids after trabeculectomy.

A prospective study of 87 eyes of 52 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma showed a significant steroid-induced rise in intraocular pressure in the 4 weeks after trabeculectomy in 23% of eyes. The steroid response rate was lower (17%) in those eyes that had trabeculectomy without a prior trial of medical therapy than in those who had surgery only after failure of medical therapy (36%), but this difference just failed to reach statistical significance. The responders were not significantly different from the non-responders as regards level of intraocular pressure or severity of visual field loss at diagnosis. The frequency of response was lower than that expected in the normal and in the glaucoma population and fell further in the late post-operative period when only 3 of 8 previously responsive eyes submitted to re-challenge with topical steroids showed persisting responsiveness. Topical steroids may be the commonest cause of high intraocular pressure in the first weeks or even days after trabeculectomy. Decisions about long-term supplementary medical therapy should therefore only be taken several weeks after withdrawal of the post-operative steroid drops.

Betamethasone↗

PubMed2002

Delayed hypersensitivity to brimonidine tartrate 0.2% associated with high intraocular pressure.

PURPOSE: To report the late presentation of an allergic reaction to brimonidine tartrate 0.2% associated with an elevation of intraocular pressure. METHODS: During a 6-month period six Caucasian patients (three were male), with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension, with an allergic reaction to brimonidine tartrate eye drops were identified. Brimonidine was initiated as additional medical therapy in four patients and monotherapy in two patients. The median age of the patients was 67 years (range 57-73 years). RESULTS: There were nine eyes with a follicular conjunctivitis; three patients received brimonidine in one eye only. In two patients an additional redness of the periocular skin was present. The median duration on brimonidine therapy before the onset of the allergic reaction was 12 months (range 5-15 months). The median intraocular pressure (IOP) before the onset of the allergy was 18 mmHg (range 16-21 mmHg). There was a significant elevation of IOP at the time of the allergy with a median IOP of 28 mmHg (range 20-44 mmHg) (P = 0.007, Wilcoxon sign rank test). The cessation of brimonidine allowed the resolution of the allergic reaction. The intraocular pressure was then controlled with alternative medication in eight eyes. One patient went on to have filtering surgery. CONCLUSIONS: A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to brimonidine tartrate eye drops resembles a viral follicular conjunctivitis. It is imperative that it is recognised as such, as it may occur many months after brimonidine is initiated. This allergy has been found to be associated with a loss of control of the IOP. Though this is a small cohort of patients, it is not unreasonable to suggest that patients on brimonidine eye drops should be instructed to report promptly to their ophthalmologist the onset of redness of their eyes so that their glaucoma control may be reassessed.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Effect of Trusopt on normal intraocular pressure values in children].

The authors investigated a group of 406 healthy eyes of children aged 4 to 15 years to test the effect of the local carboanhydrase inhibitor TRUSOPT on natural previously assessed intraocular pressure. The measurements made by means of an air-puff contact-free tonometer NT 1100 NIDEK revealed a highly significant decline of intraocular pressure--from 16.08 mm Hg to 14.07 mm Hg on average in the whole group. The tolerance of the drug after a single administration caused no problems, no undesirable effect was recorded. This is the first and only report on the effect of TRUSOPT on normal intraocular pressure of the child eye reported in the literature in a statistically significant group. The authors are surprised by the fact that the possibility of favourable pharmacological treatment of child glaucoma with clinically widely used Trusopt is not used so far.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Regulation of intraocular pressure using argon laser trabeculoplasty in various forms of open-angle glaucoma].

Argon laser trabeculoplasty was applied in 43 patients, 46 eyes. 34 eyes had had primary open-angle glaucoma, while 12 eyes had secondary open-angle glaucoma where no compensation of intraocular pressure was achieved although maximal medical therapy was conducted. Applying argon laser trabeculoplasty the intraocular pressure was normalized in 86% of eyes with a primary glaucoma considering period of 18.31 +/- 2.80 months. In 58.4% of eyes with secondary glaucoma satisfactory reduction of intraocular pressure was achieved considering period of 14.57 +/- 7.91 month.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Changes in intraocular pressure and aqueous humor dynamics of normal human eyes after topical application of bunazosin hydrochloride].

The effects of topically applied bunazosin hydrochloride, a recently developed highly selective alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist, on intraocular pressure, pupillary diameter, aqueous protein concentration, anterior chamber volume, aqueous flow rate and tonographic outflow facility were investigated in eight normal human volunteers. A single application of 0.1% bunazosin hydrochloride caused a significant unilateral reduction in the intraocular pressure from 30 minutes through 4 hours after the application, with a maximum decrease of 2.0 +/- 0.5mmHg (mean +/- SEM) below the contralateral control eyes at 2 hours post-application. Neither pupillary diameter, anterior chamber volume nor outflow facility was affected by the drug application. Both aqueous protein concentration measured with a flare-cell meter and aqueous flow rate determined by fluorophotometry were unaltered. The mechanism of intraocular pressure reduction appears to be an increase in uveoscleral outflow and/or a decrease in episcleral venous pressure.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMed1991

[Accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement using a noncontact Keeler tonometer].

Using a contactless tonometer of Keeler Co. the authors assessed the intraocular pressure in enucleated eyeballs and compared the values with the intraocular pressure assessed in the eyeballs by means of a water manometer. In the second stage the scatter of assessed values in the eyeballs was compared with the scatter of values obtained by measurements in patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of the Effects of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia on the Perioperative Intraocular Pressure: A prospective, randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of spinal and general anesthesia on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients, who had lumbar spine and lower extremity orthopedic surgeries. METHODS: Sixty adult were randomly classified into Group spinal anesthesia (SA) and Group general anesthesia (GA). The IOP, mean systemic arterial pressure, and heart rhythm were measured at 6 pre-determined timepoints (T0: Baseline, T1: Before spinal procedure or anesthesia induction, T2: After injection with intrathecal or anesthesia induction, T3: 5th minutes (min) after spinal procedure or tracheal intubation, T4: 30th min intraoperative, T5: At the end of surgery, T6: 5th min after surgery or tracheal extubation in the operation room. RESULTS: The baseline IOP and IOP1 measurements during were not significantly different between the groups (SA = 14.28 ± 0.8 mmHg; GA = 14.62 ± 0.9 mmHg, p = 0.923; and IOP1: SA = 15.83 ± 0.9 mmHg; GA = 15.88 ± 0.9 mmHg, p = 0.929). The most significant decrease in IOP in both groups was recorded at T2 (SA: 12.37 ± 0.6. GA: 12.24 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). The decrease in IOP2 was more significant in the GA group. The IOP3 was significantly higher in GA group after intubation (GA: 19.82 ± 1.2, SA: 12.86 ± 1.0)(p < 0.05). The IOP4 and IOP5 in the SA group were lower than those in the GA group. The IOP6 in both groups was higher (SA: 15.20 ± 0.8, GA: 16.50 ± 1.0) than the baseline IOP values, albeit not significant (p > 0.05). In prone position, IOP at the T4 and T5 timepoints were significantly higher than the initial values in both the SA and the GA groups; however, the increase in the GA group was more higher than that of the SA group. CONCLUSION: In intraoperative period, intraocular pressure may increase in both management of anesthesia, but this increase is higher in the general anesthesia group.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

The intraocular pressure lowering effect of timolol in gel-forming solution.

The effect on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of 0.5% timolol solution given twice daily was compared to 0.5% timolol in gel-forming solution given once daily. Patients (n = 223) having an IOP of above 22 mmHg were recruited from 16 eye specialist centres in Scandinavia and Finland. The patients were randomized to two treatment groups, timolol solution treatment and timolol in gel-forming solution treatment. Eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation were included. The patients were stratified regarding the presence or not of pseudoexfoliation, to ensure appropriate distribution of this condition. No difference in intraocular pressure reducing effect was registered for the two groups. The pressure reducing effect of the two modes of treatment was not affected by the presence or not of pseudoexfoliation. The study also included registration of local and systemic signs and symptoms possibly related to the study medications. Blurring of vision occurred more often in patients given 0.5% timolol in gel-forming solution compared to timolol solution. The heart rate decreased statistically significantly in patients given timolol solution, but not in patients given timolol in gel-forming solution. This study suggests that treatment with 0.5% timolol in gel-forming solution once a day may be equally as good as 0.5% timolol solution given twice a day in patients with glaucoma both with and without pseudoexfoliation.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed1999

[The influence of treatment of progressive edematous infiltrative ophthalmopathy on intraocular pressure].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of systemic steroid therapy and retrobulbar irradiation on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with infiltrative--oedematous Graves' ophthalmopathy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 76 patients divided into 3 groups: I--treated by irradiation only (15 patients), II--treated by irradiation and oral prednisone therapy (26 patients), III--treated by irradiation and intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy (35 cases). All patients underwent full ophthalmological examination (including IOP measurement, perimetry and gonioscopy) before, during, immediately after and 2-20 months after treatment. RESULTS: Increased IOP (21-31 mm Hg) was observed in 54 patients (71%) before treatment. The iridocorneal angle was open in all eyes. Changes in perimetry were not characteristic for glaucoma. IOP was higher in patients with more severe ophthalmopathy. We recorded transient increase of IOP during treatment in only 3 patients. Increased IOP immediately after therapy was observed in 16 patients with severe symptoms and signs of ophthalmopathy: in group I--4/15 (27%), in group II--4/26 (15%), in group III--8/35 (23%). Higher IOP was recorded in 10 patients two to twenty months after completion of treatment: from group I--4/15 (27%), from group II--1/26 (4%) and from group III--5/35 (14%). In 6 of these 10 persons we observed recurrence of ophthalmopathy, in 4 patients higher IOP was the only deviation, they needed local therapy. The mean values of IOP were lower in patients treated by steroid therapy in comparison to patients treated by irradiation only. The most rapid improvement of clinical status was observed in patients treated by methylprednisolone pulse therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The increase of IOP in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy correlates with severity and duration of eye disease. Systemic steroid therapy is more efficient in reduction of IOP than irradiation of the retrobulbar tissue. Our results suggest that combined therapy is a preferable method of treatment of progressive ophthalmopathy, including cases with increased intraocular pressure.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

A preliminary report on the supraoptic nucleus and control of intraocular pressure.

Four animals received unilateral optic nerve sections which ablated that eye's rise in intraocular pressure in response to water drinking. Bilateral supraoptic nucleus lesions in two animals resulted in ablation of the other eye's response to water drinking. Both animals showed histopathologic proof of the lesion site. Two animals received sham operations for the supraoptic nucleus lesions with no change in their differential response to water drinking. This report gives preliminary evidence of the hypothesis of a supraoptic nuclear control mechanism of intraocular pressure.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Effect of honan intraocular pressure reducer on ocular and optic nerve blood flow in phakic rabbit eyes.

The Honan Intraocular Pressure Reducer (HIPR) was applied to rabbit eyes for 30 min at pressure settings of 0, 30, 50, or 100 mmHg. Ocular blood flow was measured using (85Sr) radioactively labelled 15 micron microspheres either with the HIPR applied to the eye or 15 min after removal. Intraocular pressure was measured before applying the HIPR, immediately after removal, or 15 min after removal. At all pressure settings, the HIPR significantly lowered the IOP (P less than or equal to 0.05) both immediately and 15 min after removal. At all pressure settings, except 0 mmHg, blood flow was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) both immediately and 15 min after removal. At all pressure settings, except 0 mmHg, blood flow was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower with the HIPR applied compared to 15 min after removal.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Lightwand intubation does not reduce the increase in intraocular pressure associated with tracheal intubation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in hemodynamic variables and intraocular pressure (IOP) after tracheal intubation using either lightwand or direct-vision laryngoscopy techniques. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: Inpatient anesthesia at a University Anesthesia Department. PATIENTS: 50 normotensive, ASA physical status I and II patients, without ocular or cardiovascular diseases, and with a Mallampati score no greater than 2. INTERVENTIONS: After intravenous (i.v.) midazolam premedication (0.05 mg.kg-1), general anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (1 microgram.g-1) and thiopental sodium (5 mg.g-1) followed by vecuronium bromide (0.1 mg.g-1), then patients were randomly allocated to receive either the lightwand (Trachlight, n = 25) or direct-vision laryngoscopy (Laryngoscopy, n = 25) intubating techniques. General anesthesia was maintained with 1% isoflurane and 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen mixture for 5 minutes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamic variables were recorded 10 minutes after i.v. premedication, and then every minute after tracheal intubation. Intraocular pressure measurements were performed by means of a computerized indentation tonometer after general anesthesia induction and then 1 and 5 minutes after tracheal intubation. In both groups, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate increased from baseline, without differences between the two groups. One minute after intubation, IOP increased in both groups: the mean percentage increase was 32% in the Laryngoscopy group and 16% in the Trachlight group. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Five minutes after intubation, IOP decreased to baseline values in both groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that in healthy patients without ocular disease, using a lightwand intubating technique does not reduce the hemodynamic responses and increase in IOP associated with tracheal intubation as compared with conventional direct-vision laryngoscopy.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed1982

Effects of N-demethylated carbachol on intraocular pressure and pupil in ocular hypertensive patients.

The effects of N-demethylated carbachol on intraocular pressure and pupil size were studied in 18 ocular hypertensive patients. Topical administration of N-demethylated carbachol in 9%, 15% and 30% solutions has been demonstrated to bring about miosis which was found to be dose-dependent. No significant change of intraocular pressure clearly attributable to this drug has been demonstrated.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1999

Necessity of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer in cataract surgery using topical anesthesia.

PURPOSE: To assess the use of the Honan intraocular pressure reducer (HIPR) for clear corneal cataract surgery using topical anesthesia. SETTING: University of North Carolina Hospitals Ambulatory Care Clinic outpatient operating rooms. METHODS: Of 51 consecutive candidates for surgery (excluding those with uncontrolled glaucoma), 26 were randomly assigned to wear the HIPR (Honan group) for 10 minutes before surgery. The remainder were placed in a control group. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before (T1) and after (T2) HIPR application and after patient preparation for surgery (T3). RESULTS: Mean IOP was the same in the Honan and control groups at T1 and T3. At T2, the groups had a significantly different mean IOP (P = 1.8 x 10(-5)). In the Honan group, mean IOP decreased significantly (P = 2.8 x 10(-7)) between T1 and T2, and there was a significant correlation among patients at T1 and T2 (P < .0005). Between T2 and T3, the Honan group experienced a significant recovery (P = 3.5 x 10(-9)); there was a significant correlation between the decreases from T1 to T2 and the increases from T2 to T3 (P < .0005). Mean IOP in the control group did not change between T1 and T2 but increased significantly between T2 and T3 (P = .004). CONCLUSION: When using topical anesthesia, the HIPR transiently reduced IOP. However, the IOP-reducing effect resolved by the time of surgery, negating any reason to use the HIPR with topical anesthesia for cataract surgery.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Prostaglandins E3 and D3 lower intraocular pressure.

The effects of the prostaglandin (PG)-3 series products PGE3 and PGD3 on the intraocular pressure of rabbits were studied. PGE3 at 0.001 and 0.01 mg/eye and PGD3 at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/eye doses were applied topically (in 50-microliters volume) to the normal rabbit eye. Both PGE3 and PGD3 significantly lowered intraocular pressure at all doses tested and the IOP lowering response lasted at least 240 min. Topical PGE3 at 0.01 mg/eye caused mild conjunctival hyperemia which lasted up to 180 min. PGD3, on the other hand, did not induce conjunctival hyperemia. In addition, following application of these PGs, there was no miosis or other sign of intraocular inflammation detectable by slit-lamp examination.

Alprostadil↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diurnal fluctuation of higher order ocular aberrations: correlation with intraocular pressure and corneal thickness.

PURPOSE: Optimal wavefront-guided refractive corneal laser surgery requires sufficiently exact data of optical higher order aberrations. We investigated whether these aberrations had a systematic during-the-day variation, studied the range of variation, and changes in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness. METHODS: In 22 eyes of 22 young volunteers the optical aberrations of higher order were measured by means of a Tscherning-type ocular aberrometer three times during one day (7 AM, 12 noon, 4 PM). In addition, in 12 of these eyes the intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness were measured. The intraocular wavefront aberration was computed using Zernike polynomials up to the sixth order, and Zernike coefficients of third and fourth order were analyzed. RESULTS: Only the coefficient Z 2/4 (C13) showed a significant increase during the day by a mean 0.016 microm. A significant regression could be detected between changes of coefficients Z3/3, Z-2/4, Z0/4, Z4/4, and changes of intraocular pressure or central corneal thickness during the day. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the small values, the measured during-the-day changes of higher order aberrations had no direct practical consequences for the aberrometry-guided corneal laser surgery. Alterations of some Zernike coefficients during the day may be explained by the biomechanical behavior of the cornea.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

The effect of a once-daily oral dose of nadolol on intraocular pressure in normal volunteers.

We compared the effects of once-daily oral administration of 20 mg and 40 mg of nadolol vs placebo in 40 normal volunteers in a randomized, double-masked trial. Each of 23 women and 17 men (ranging in age from 18 to 50 years) had intraocular pressure, pulse rate, blood pressure, pupil size, amplitude of accommodation, and near point measured immediately before treatment and then at 24 hours, day 8, and day 15 after treatment. Both dosages of nadolol produced significant decreases in intraocular pressure at three hours (P less than .001). Although both dosages decreased intraocular pressure at 24 hours compared with placebo, only the change with the 40-mg dose was significant (P less than .05). Although both dosages produced significant decreases in pulse rate and blood pressure, side effects were minimal.

Administration, Oral↗