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Results for “Immunity, Humoral”

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PubMed1990

[The effect of thyroid- and parathyroidectomy on stress-induced changes in the primary humoral immune response of white rats].

The influence of the immobilization stress (24 h) was studied on male white rats of Wistar strain, examining the primary humoral immune response on the background of thyroid- and parathyroidectomy. It was established that parathyroidectomy induced immunodepression, but the effect of immobilization stress, used just next to immunization with sheep erythrocytes intensified immunodepression. Furthermore application of stress after immunization with sheep erythrocytes (during the effective phase of the immune response) induced immunostimulation. These differences in stress-induced immunological changes could be explained by the peculiarities of neuroendocrine and immunological status during the variants of stress action.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The early changes in humoral immunity under the prolonged action of tritium oxide with different dose rates].

Within the dose range from 0.2 to 1 Gy, early changes in the humoral immunity of mice exposed to tritium oxide at varying dose rates have been investigated. The study of the immunity impairment at different stages of immunopoiesis permits to reveal the points (a lymphocyte precursor department) that are mostly affected by radiation, to find the causes of the decrease in the antibody production, and to reveal the relationship between the damages observed the dose absorbed and dose rate of beta radiation.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Action of a yeast dsRNA preparation on the humoral immune response and the delayed hypersensitivity reaction].

The studies showed that yeast dsRNA in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg had a stimulating effect on the humoral immune response. When the preparation was administered soon after sensitization of experimental animals by the thymus-dependent antigen (sheep red blood cells, SRBC), there were observed a more than two-fold increase in the AFC count in the spleen and increased titers of hemolysins in blood serum. With the use of higher doses of the preparation (up to 10 mg/kg) the level of the immunostimulating effect remained unchanged. The efficacy of the preparation in CBA and C57BL/6 mice with high and low reactivity to the antigen was the same. Delayed-type hypersensitivity in the animals sensitized by SRBC was inhibited by yeast dsRNA in a dose of 10 mg/kg.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

[Changes in humoral immunity in ischemic cardiomyopathy].

The present study has been performed with the aim of assessing the incidence and the possible implications of the changes in humoral immunity in patients with coronary heart disease. Serial determinations of the immunoglobulins (Ig) G, A and M, of specific anti-heart antibodies and of some non-organ-specific antibodies have been carried out in the venous blood of 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), of 30 subjects with angina pectoris (AP) and of 30 controls. The occurrence of anti-smooth muscle and anti-nuclear antibodies resulted negligible in all subjects, while anti-mitochondrial antibodies were found in a relatively high percentage of cases, which is probably due to chance. Only in 13.3% of AMI patients, and in 16.7% of AP subject, were anti-heart antibodies detectable, and their presence was not related to the occurrence of Dressler's syndrome, nor to any clinical finding. The mean IgG curve in the AMI patients showed a triphasic time-course in the first 20 days of disease. In the AP patients an inverse correlation has been found between monthly frequencies of anginal attacks and serum concentrations of IgG (r = 0.382; p less than 0.05). In the control group serum IgA were directly correlated to age (r = 0.493; p less than 0.01); furthermore, in patients with exertional or mixed angina serum IgA were often higher than those of patients with only rest angina (x2 = 3.906; p less than 0.05). These data suggest the working hypothesis that a possible link (of secondary or primary type) between serum concentrations of IgA and severity of atherosclerosis may exist.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Identification of a prostate-specific membrane antigen-derived peptide capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses in HLA-A24+ prostate cancer patients.

We tried to identify prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-derived peptides capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of HLA-A24(+) prostate cancer patients, respectively. For cellular response, peptide-specific and prostate cancer-reactive responses of in vitro-stimulated PBMCs were examined with regard to interferon (IFN)-gamma production and cytotoxicity against both a parental HLA-A24(-) prostate cancer cell line (PC-93) and an HLA-A24-expressing transfectant cell line (PC93-A24). For humoral response, patients' plasma was tested for reactivity to the peptides by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among 13 PSMA peptides, PSMA 624-632 peptide induced peptide-specific and tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) most effectively. The PSMA 624-632 peptide-stimulated PBMCs from either healthy donors or prostate cancer patients produced a significant level of IFN-gamma in response to prostate cancer cells in an HLA-A24-restricted manner, and also showed a higher level of cytotoxicity against PC93-A24 than against PC93. Antibodies to the PSMA 624-632 peptide, but not to any others, were detected in prostate cancer patients. These results demonstrate that the PSMA 624-632 peptide could be an appropriate molecule for use in specific immunotherapy of HLA-A24(+) patients with prostate cancer.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1993

Isotypic and IgG subclass restriction of the humoral immune responses to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I.

We have investigated the isotypic and IgG subclass profile of the antibody response to HTLV-I structural proteins (gag and env) in patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM; n = 20), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL; n = 15), and HTLV-I-positive asymptomatic carriers (ASY; n = 21). IgG, IgM, and IgA were the predominant antibody responses in all HTLV-I-infected individuals; minimal IgE response was detectable in the HAM and ATL groups. Among the IgG subclasses, IgG1 was the most predominant antibody detected in responses to HTLV-I antigens, followed by IgG3 and IgG2; IgG4 could not be detected in any patient group. Levels of both IgG1 and IgG3 were significantly higher in patients with HAM, when compared to ATL and ASY (P < 0.01 for both comparisons). In addition, Ig isotypes and IgG subclass antibody in patient sera reactive with purified viral proteins and several immunodominant epitopes, represented by synthetic peptides, Gag-1a102-117, Env-1(191-214), Env-5(242-257), and recombinant proteins, MTA-1(162-209) and r21e303-440, were examined to delineate specific epitopes responsible for inducing the host immune responses of each isotype and subclass to the structural proteins of HTLV-I. IgG, IgM, and IgA responses were directed against both the gag and env gene products. Among IgG subclasses, the IgG1 and IgG3 responses were directed against both the gag (p53, p24, p19, and Gag-1a) and env (recombinant MTA-1, r21e, and synthetic Env-1, Env-5) proteins; IgG2 responses were mainly restricted to gag proteins. The frequency profile of HTLV-I-specific antigen recognition in all four IgG subclasses were similar in all of the clinical groups. These results further define the fine specificity of anti-HTLV-I immune reaction for understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis in these individuals and suggest that factors other than the humoral immune responses may be associated with the clinical manifestation of the disease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2004

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on the nonspecific and humoral immune responses in a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation model.

We evaluated the immune response of healthy control and stressed Wistar rats submitted to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Rats were treated with Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) orally (100 mg/kg per day for 7 days). EGb 761 stimulated the digestion index of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages (PM and AM) of stressed rats. Likewise, the cellular immune response measured using the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the humoral immune response (measured through an anti-SRBC response), were also restored in stressed rats. Thus, this G. biloba extract possesses immunostimulatory activity in addition to its broad spectrum of pharmacological effects.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed2004

Priming with CpG-enriched plasmid and boosting with protein formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Quil A induces strong cellular and humoral immune responses to hepatitis C virus NS3.

Cell-mediated immune responses to hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins play a key role in recovery from infection. The NS3 protein of HCV is of special interest, since it is one of the most conserved proteins and NS3-specific immune responses are stronger and more frequently observed in patients resolving the infection than in chronically infected patients. Since these characteristics make NS3 an attractive vaccine candidate, the objective of this study was to optimize NS3-specific immune responses. Results from this group first demonstrated that a plasmid enriched with 24 CpG motifs (pBISIA24-NS3) tends to induce the strongest and most consistent Th1-biased immune response. Subsequently, it was shown that NS3 formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and Quil A (rNS3+CpG+Quil A) adjuvants induces a balanced immune response in mice, whereas rNS3 combined with either CpG or Quil A elicits a Th2-biased response. To further enhance NS3-specific cell-mediated immune responses, a vaccination regime consisting of priming with pBISIA24-NS3, followed by boosting with rNS3+CpG+Quil A, was explored in mice and pigs. When compared to immunization with rNS3+CpG+Quil A, this regime shifted the immune response to a Th1-type response and, accordingly, enhanced MHC I-restricted killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice. Although immunization with pBISIA24-NS3 also induced a Th1-biased response, including cytotoxicity in the mice, the humoral response was significantly lower than that induced by the DNA prime-protein boost regime. These results demonstrate the advantage of a DNA prime-protein boost approach in inducing a strong NS3-specific cell-mediated, as well as humoral, immune response, in both inbred laboratory and outbred large animal species.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of specific humoral immunity on DNA-adduct formation in Swiss mice treated with benzo[alpha]pyrene.

In order to study the effect of possible modulating factors on DNA-binding carcinogens, we investigated the role of specific immune response on racemic 7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene ((+/-)-anti BPDE)-DNA (BPDE-DNA) adduct formation. Anti BPDE Immunoglobulin G (IgG) were elicited in Swiss mice before subsequent carcinogen administration. The immunization schedule consisted of four weekly subcutaneous injections of both (+/-)-anti BPDE-gelatin (BPDE-Gel) and DNA (BPDE-DNA) conjugate, followed by a final immunogen injection 14 days later. The immunization procedure resulted in the production of specific anti-BPDE antibodies in all treated animals. One week after the end of the immunization procedure, both groups of immunized and non immunized mice were treated with different doses of B[a]P (25-50-100-200 mg B[a]P/Kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection. Seven days after treatment, the mice were sacrificed. Adduct levels were detected by competitive ELISA by using optimal conditions established in our laboratory and highly specific and sensitive IgG anti BPDE-DNA induced in rabbit. The determination of DNA adducts in liver revealed significantly lower B[a]P adduct levels in liver of immunized mice with respect to non-immunized animals. This result confirms those obtained for 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in a previous work: the specific humoral immunity elicited by repeated carcinogen exposure may be able to modulate the genotoxic effect induced by subsequent carcinogen administration.

7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗

PubMed1999

Humoral immune response against proteins E6 and E7 in cervical carcinoma patients positive for human papilloma virus type 16 during treatment and follow-up.

To investigate the humoral immune response to transforming proteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus type 16 before and after treatment and during follow-up, consecutive serum samples from 36 cervical cancer patients whose tumours were found to contain human papillomavirus type 16 DNA by use of the polymerase chain reaction were tested using in vitro translated proteins E6 and E7 in a radioimmunoprecipitation assay and in an E7 synthetic peptide enzyme immunoassay. Antibody levels against E6 and E7 as measured by radioimmunoprecipitation assay showed a nearly identical pattern. Seronegative patients remained seronegative throughout treatment and follow-up. Seropositive patients showed either a decrease in antibody level or stable antibody levels during treatment. In contrast to patients without evidence of disease at the end of the study, the majority of patients with recurrent disease showed increasing antibody levels during the follow-up period. These results indicate that, in patients who are seropositive before treatment antibody levels against E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus type 16 after treatment are closely linked to treatment response. The use of the more sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation assay did not lead to a better correlation of antibody levels with clinical disease status of the patients than the use of the enzyme immunoassay.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Humoral immunity factors in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) serum: immunoglobulins and total light chains in nursing dams.

This study was aimed at the identification of variations in humoral immunity parameters during the lactation period in macaque females, a recognized model in reproductive physiology and pathology. The importance of such evaluation is evidenced in particular by the central role played by the maternally transferred immunity to the progeny. The trends of serum immunoglobulins and light chains were characterized by immunonephelometry during the 6-months of lactation. The levels attained by nursing females were evaluated against a control group. The main modifications induced by lactation were in the IgM class, whose levels remained constantly lower than in the control group; the other Igs, even if showing different trends, returned to levels comparable to the control group by the end of the sixth month. Light chains quantification evidenced a significant decrease in Kappa levels; Lambda chains showed a similar trend. The variation of the Kappa/Lambda ratio was therefore minimal.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1990

The humoral immune response of lambs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.

Using sera from lambs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica, the development of a good humoral immune response to M. ovipneumoniae was detected by ELISA. The antibody titres peaked 41 days post-infection and good antibody titres were maintained over the 16-week experimental period. Immunoblotting revealed that antibodies to specific antigens appeared in the sera in a sequential manner, some being seen shortly after infection and others developing only after a substantial time lag. Antibodies were raised against almost all the major antigens detected in one laboratory strain (956/2) and against all antigens previously shown to be conserved in 22 Scottish field isolates of M. ovipneumoniae.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Time course of the porcine cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo against pseudorabies virus after inoculation and challenge: significance of in vitro antigenic restimulation.

We investigated the time course of porcine cellular and humoral immune responses against pseudorabies virus (PRV) after pigs were inoculated with PRV gE(-) mutant strain M141 and challenged with wild-type virus NIA-3. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from blood samples; half were used directly and half were restimulated with PRV in vitro before use in a cytolytic assay. We determined time course and extent of PRV-specific lymphoproliferative and cytolytic response. In addition, serum samples were examined for neutralizing antibodies. After inoculation, the frequency of various lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood was determined by FACScan. One week after inoculation, T-lymphocytes proliferated abundantly and a B-lymphocyte response was observed. When PBMC were used directly without restimulation, only 15% of the PRV-infected target cells were lysed, and about 15-20% of uninfected target cells were lysed. In contrast, when PBMC were restimulated with PRV, up to 50% of the PRV-infected target cells were lysed while only 30% of the uninfected target cells were lysed. The frequency of various T-lymphocyte subsets in the circulation did not change significantly after inoculation, which indicates that the number of PRV-specific lymphocytes in circulation was very small. After challenge, the T-lymphocyte response was enhanced, but the B-lymphocyte response was not. When PBMC were used directly, only 20% of the PRV-infected and uninfected target cells were lysed after challenge. In contrast, when PBMC were restimulated with PRV, they again lysed more PRV-infected target cells than uninfected target cells. Cytolytic cells were detected for a longer period after challenge than after inoculation. Since it was only possible to clearly detect cytolysis after lymphocytes were restimulated with PRV, it may be that they do not preferentially localize in blood or that they are too few in blood to be detected without further antigenic restimulation in vitro. These lymphocytes may instead localize in other tissues, such as mucosal tissues, tonsils and draining lymph nodes. Whether such a reservoir of PRV-specific cytolytic cells is important in clearing the virus is still unknown. In this study we demonstrated PRV-specific lymphocytes in circulation after they were restimulated in vitro with PRV.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Heterologous antibodies to evaluate the kinetics of the humoral immune response in dogs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii RH strain.

An IgM capture ELISA using heterologous antibodies was developed to evaluate the kinetics of the humoral immune response in dogs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. Detection of parasite in tissues from inoculated dogs was evaluated by mouse bioassay and immunohistochemical techniques. Serum samples were obtained at regular intervals up to 62 days post-inoculation (p.i.), when the animals were necropsied and their tissues examined. Antibody levels were measured by IgM capture ELISA (McELISA), indirect hemagglutination (IHA), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IgG-IFAT) and indirect immunoenzymatic assay (IgG-ELISA). All dogs seroconverted but only one exhibited severe clinical signs of infection. IgM antibodies were detected by McELISA from the seventh day on, with decreasing IgM levels around the 27th day. Similar results were obtained from IHA, although McELISA showed earlier and longer detection of IgM antibodies. IgG antibodies were detected from the seventh day on, and throughout the period of observation. Immunohistochemical findings and mouse bioassay revealed the presence of free tachyzoites in tissues of the clinically affected dog only. These results suggest that T. gondii acute infection in dogs shows a remarkably transient IgM synthesis, and this feature may constitute an important marker of active infection. Furthermore, McELISA was shown to be a potential tool to diagnose canine toxoplasmosis.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Evaluation of a botulinum fragment C-based ELISA for measuring the humoral immune response in primates.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using botulinum neurotoxin serotype B recombinant fragment C (rBoNTB(HC)) was developed to measure specific humoral immune responses of monkeys vaccinated with a vaccine consisting of rBoNTB(HC). Several fundamental parameters for a bioassay were evaluated. The evaluation results demonstrated that using BoNTB(HC) as the capture antigen led to a specific and sensitive ELISA for botulinum type B antibody with excellent precision, accuracy, and linearity. There was a good correlation (r=0.91) between ELISA titers and neutralization bioassay titers. Experimental results suggested that the ELISA could be useful for detecting botulinum type B antibody levels and may supplement mouse neutralization bioassays during planned clinical manufacturing and clinical trials of rBoNTB(HC) vaccine.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Specific humoral immunity in the elderly: in vivo and in vitro response to vaccination.

Vaccinations are often unsuccessful in preventing infection among elderly populations because of generally poor humoral immune responses. We have used tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen to stimulate in vitro anti-tetanus toxoid antibody (anti-TT) synthesis and have found that lymphocytes from many healthy elderly individuals have a reduced production of anti-TT in vitro compared to young adults. This is associated with decreased numbers of B cells secreting anti-TT IgG and a decrease in the mean amount of anti-TT IgG produced per TT-specific B cell. In the present study we report that immunization results in a significant increase in serum titers in young adults for up to one year, whereas levels in old adults fall to baseline by 6 months. The number of B cells that secrete anti-TT IgG increases after immunizations in both young and old subjects, although the number in old subjects is significantly lower than in young subjects at all times except 6 months after. The mean amount of anti-TT produced per B cell (B-cell potency) is significantly lower for the old adults both before and at 6 and 12 months after booster. Immunization does not significantly change the mean amount of anti-TT produced per B cell for either age group. The decreased response to immunization with aging is associated with decreased numbers of specific Ab-secreting B cells and usually decreased potency of those B cells.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Stimulation of liposome-induced humoral immune responses by non-ionic block polymer surfactants in Xid mice.

Non-ionic block polymers (NBPs) have proved to be potent adjuvants for the humoral immune response against liposomes haptenated with tripeptide-enlarged dinitrophenyl groups (hapten J). Since both reversed triblocks and normal octablocks displayed adjuvant activity, reversed octablocks, in which structural properties of both groups are combined, were also tested for their adjuvant activity. The latter compounds displayed very strong adjuvant activity for J-haptenated liposomes, not only in normal BALB/c but also in (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 progeny. To test the applicability of NBPs as adjuvants in semi-synthetic vaccines, the capacity of NBPs to stimulate the immune response against liposomes haptenated with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 capsular polysaccharide-derived oligosaccharides was analysed. In these studies, again NBPs proved potent adjuvants, stimulating antibody production to a large extent. In male (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 mice, which carry a X-chromosome-linked immunodeficiency (Xid), antibody levels were stimulated to the largest extent by a normal octablock. Stimulation of antibody titres, however, did not result in increased protection in these Xid mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1978

[Immunologic course of kidney transplants studied by means of cellular and humoral immunity tests].

In 10 human-allo-transplanted persons and evaluation of the postoperative course was done with the help of specific and unspecific, cellular and humoral immune tests which were compared with clinical parameters. While the E-rosette-test did not show any correlation to the typical courses in the immunoglobulins postoperatively after a clear decrease at the time of the clinically diagnosed first set reaction an increase above all of the IgM could be observed. Unspecific tests, such as CRP and FSP may, concerning the rejection diagnostics, confirm the suspicion in as far as other factors, such as infection of the urinary tract were excluded. By choice of a suitable relation system the evidence of the immunoglobulins could possibly be proved, whereas for the cellular demonstration methods the E-rosette test does not seem to be recommendable in the performed way.

Adolescent↗