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PubMed1975

[Are we pushing the disabled intellectually into a ghetto? (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

Disabled people not only encounter barriers in their physical environment (in the form of steps which social rehabilitation is making efforts to level, remove or overcome through ramps) but also in the intellectual and emotional fields (in the life and thinking habits of our society, in expressions, song texts, etc.) i.e. basic expressions which seem to be applicable to the lives of the non-disabled but which prevent the disabled's access to life in the community. The examples given are: "What you are depends on what you have", "the world is beautiful", "everything will turn out all right". These expressions are, at least, as detrimental to full integration as the steps at the entrance to the post-office. The elimination of these sayings would not be beneficial to the disabled alone, but to all people: our life would become more honest and less strained. Phrases of the Biblical Message serve as the example for a thinking model which could give the impetus to a common learning process of tension release. Efforts to lessen the restraint (that is to correct the cited expressions) are called "weltanschauliche Rehabilitation", but whether this should rather be understood as a part of social rehabilitation or its parallel is a question which still remains unanswered.

Bible↗
PubMed2005

Out-of-home placement of children with intellectual disability: Israeli-born parents vs. new immigrants from the ex-USSR.

Although the policy of deinstitutionalization encourages parents to raise a child with development disability at home, professionals are becoming increasingly aware of these parents' care-giving roles. Immigrant parents from the ex-USSR who have children with developmental disabilities are potential clients for placement, but to date, the tendency in Israel to out-of-home placement by immigrant parents, compared with Israeli-born parents, has not been studied. The placement variables were examined as a function of place of birth, emotional stress and social support. The sample was 100 parents who have children aged 6-21 years with mild to moderate mental retardation (according to the American Association on Mental Retardation definition) who live at home. Fifty parents were immigrants (arrived in Israel after 1990) and 50 were Israeli-born. They live in the region of Haifa and the north of Israel. The following measurements were carried out: (1) Demographic Questionnaire for data such as place of birth, age, socioeconomic status, etc., (2) Questionnaire of Resources and Stress, (3) Family Support Scale and (4) Out-of-Home Placement Questionnaire. The results showed that parents' readiness to apply for out-of-home placement proved to be related to their stress level and child's age, regardless of their origin (immigrants or Israeli-born) and regardless of social support resources. The older the children with mental retardation and the higher the stress levels felt by their parents, the higher was these parents' potential to apply for out-of-home placement. Immigrant parents tended to report a significantly higher level of stress than Israeli-born parents. No difference was found in the social support resources available to both research groups. Immigrant parents' stress level was higher as the child's mental retardation level was more moderate and their time in Israel was longer. Stress level among Israeli-born parents was higher among those who were religious, were of lower socioeconomic status and/or when, in addition to the mental retardation, the child suffered from other medical problems. In conclusion, families with children with mental retardation should be referred to services in an integrative way, regardless of the origin of the children's parents. Professionals must increase their own awareness of parents' level of stress and its impact on their readiness to apply for out-of-home placement. Recommendations for practical work and for future researches are made.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral health for people with intellectual disability and high support needs: positive outcomes.

This qualitative study, based on phenomenological approaches, explored and documented four situations in which positive oral health outcomes occurred for people with mental retardation and moderate to high support needs. Strategies and environmental factors that contributed to these oral health outcomes were identified through 10 semistructured interviews conducted with 'key-players' supporting the oral health of the people with disabilities. Participants included dental professionals, direct support workers, and other professionals who cared for their four people with disabilities. Common strategies expressed in the interviews included "giving it a go"; maintaining consistency; facilitating positive experiences; taking as much time as needed; respecting and encouraging choice making; timeliness and frequency of dental appointments; communication between support workers, dental professionals and the person with mental retardation; problem solving; assisting the person with disability to learn skills; and desensitisation. Contributing factors in the physical, social, and organizational environment also were identified.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Matching-to-sample assessment of stimulus overselectivity in students with intellectual disabilities.

A delayed matching-to-sample task with multiple sample stimuli was used to evaluate stimulus overselectivity in 70 individuals attending residential special-education schools. A Mental Age Equivalent score (MAE) was obtained for each student using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Twenty-one participants failed to complete matching-to-sample pretests (mean MAE = 3.70 years). Results on the multiple-sample test for the remaining 49 participants indicated no overselectivity for 14 students (mean MAE = 7.44 years) and were consistent with overselectivity for 35 students (mean MAE = 5.28 years). Performances of students with overselectivity were more variable than those with no overselectivity. The MAE scores were related to both matching-to-sample performance and stimulus overselectivity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aging among persons with intellectual disability in Israel in relation to type of residence, age, and etiology.

This study was conducted to compare aging phenomena of persons with intellectual and developmental disability (ID) aged 40 years and older living in community residence (N = 65) with those living with their families (N = 43) in Jerusalem, Israel. All 108 persons and care givers were interviewed to ascertain health problems, sensory impairment, activity of daily living (ADL), cognitive skills, and leisure activities. Health problem had already developed by age 40 years. The most frequent were visual (33%), hearing impairments (20%) and dental problems (30%). The community residence group displayed more medical problems, whereas individuals living at home had more dental problems. Health problems in persons with Down syndrome were significantly higher. ADL functioning for all participants was high, but persons with Down syndrome and cerebral palsy had more dependence. A decline in functioning in both residential groups was observed concerning leisure time, but scores for social life leisure activities were better for the community residential group. The data provided in this study can serve as information to develop geriatric services for persons with ID and provide a basis for comparison with peers in the general population in Israel. Dental service to persons with ID living at home should be improved.

Activities of Daily Living↗